JP5674157B2 - 冷却器用途において用いるためのトランス−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン - Google Patents
冷却器用途において用いるためのトランス−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン Download PDFInfo
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- JP5674157B2 JP5674157B2 JP2011542355A JP2011542355A JP5674157B2 JP 5674157 B2 JP5674157 B2 JP 5674157B2 JP 2011542355 A JP2011542355 A JP 2011542355A JP 2011542355 A JP2011542355 A JP 2011542355A JP 5674157 B2 JP5674157 B2 JP 5674157B2
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- cooler
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- LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C\Cl LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 title description 5
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polyol ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 53
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005068 cooling lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/02—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units
- F25B31/026—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units with compressor of rotary type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
Description
[0013]本発明の組成物には、組成物に特定の機能性を向上させるか又は与える目的か、或いは幾つかの場合においては組成物のコストを低減させる他の組成物を含ませることができる。例えば、本発明による冷媒組成物、特に蒸気圧縮システムにおいて用いるものは、一般に組成物の重量の約30〜約50重量%の量の潤滑剤を含む。更に、本組成物には、プロパン及びペンタンのような潤滑剤の相溶性及び/又は溶解性を促進する目的の相溶化剤を含ませることもできる。プロパン、ブタン、及びペンタンなどのかかる相溶化剤は、好ましくは組成物の約0.5〜約5重量%の量で存在させる。米国特許6,516,837(その開示は参照として本明細書中に包含する)によって開示されているように、界面活性剤と可溶化剤の組み合わせを本組成物に加えて油溶性を促進させることもできる。通常用いる冷却潤滑剤、例えばヒドロフルオロカーボン(HFC)冷媒と共に冷却器において用いられるポリオールエステル(POE)及びポリアルキレングリコール(PAG)、シリコーン油、鉱油、アルキルベンゼン(AB)、及びポリ(α−オレフィン)(PAO)を、本発明の冷媒組成物と一緒に用いることができる。また、ニトロメタンを安定剤として加えることもできる。
[0025]実施例1:
[0026]MKS加熱圧力変換器を用いて1233zd(E)の蒸気圧を測定した。
[0029]遠心冷却器用に選択した流体は2,2−ジクロロ−1,1,1−トリフルオロエタン(R−123)であった。R−123のオゾン層破壊係数のために、これはモントリオール議定書下で現在は使用禁止されている。R−123に代わる代替流体を見出す際には、高い動作係数(COP)を維持することが重要である。単一段階の冷却器は、低圧ガスを圧縮し、それを蒸発器に送る圧縮器から構成されていた。次に、高圧の流体を比較的高い温度で凝縮し、この場合に関しては凝縮器を40℃に保持した。次に、凝縮した流体を膨張装置に通して流体の温度及び圧力の両方を低下させて蒸発器中に導入し、この場合には蒸発器を2℃に保持した。次に、冷却された低圧ガスを用いて物体から熱を伝達除去した。これには、蒸発器内で流体を蒸発させることによって冷却することが必要であった。R.C. Downing, Fluorocarbon Refrigerants Handbook, 3章, Prentice-Hall, 1988のような熱力学のテキストにおいて概説されている標準的な冷媒サイクル分析法を用いて、冷媒の熱力学的特性を計算することができる。2℃の凝縮器温度、40℃の蒸発器温度、及び0.75の圧縮器効率において、単一圧縮器冷却器のCOPを求めた。単一圧縮器システムにおけるR−123、1233zd(Z)、及び1233zd(E)のCOPを下表に与える。本実施例は、1233zd(E)及び1233zd(Z)を用いるとR−123のCOPを保持することができることを示す。驚くべきことに、同じ寸法のシステムに関して、1233zd(E)はR−123よりも遙かに高い容量を有することも示された。
[0031]冷却器の効率を上昇させるための通常の手順は、内部熱交換器と共に複数の圧縮器を用いることである。このシステムは実施例1に記載したものと非常に類似しているが、相違点は凝縮器から排出される流体の一部を用いて、圧縮器から排出される流れを中程度の圧力で冷却することであった。次に、流れを再び合わせて所望の高圧に圧縮し、凝縮器中に導入した。R.C. Downing, Fluorocarbon Refrigerants Handbook, 3章, Prentice-Hall, 1988のような熱力学のテキストにおいて概説されている標準的な冷媒サイクル分析法を用いて、冷媒の熱力学的特性を計算することができる。2℃の凝縮器温度、40℃の蒸発器温度、両方の圧縮器に関して0.75の効率、及び5℃の熱交換器の出口の近接温度において、二重圧縮器冷却器のCOPを求めた。二重圧縮器システムにおけるR−123、1233zd(Z)、及び1233zd(E)のCOPを下表に与える。驚くべきことに、同じ寸法のシステムに関して、1233zd(E)はR−123よりも遙かに高い容量を有していた。
本発明は以下の態様を含む。
[1]
1233zd(E)を含む冷媒組成物を圧縮することを含み、圧縮を遠心冷却器システム内で行う、冷却を生成させる方法。
[2]
COPが4.7〜4.96の間である、[1]に記載の方法。
[3]
冷媒組成物が組成物の全重量を基準として少なくとも50重量%の1233zd(E)を含む、[1]に記載の方法。
[4]
冷媒組成物が組成物の全重量を基準として少なくとも70重量%の1233zd(E)を含む、[1]に記載の方法。
[5]
冷媒組成物が実質的に1233zdから構成されるヒドロフルオロオレフィンを含み、1233zdの大部分が1233zd(E)である、[1]に記載の方法。
[6]
1233zdが約2:1〜約99:1の比の1233zd(E)及び1233zd(Z)から構成される、[5]に記載の方法。
[7]
比が約4:1〜約19:1である、[6]に記載の方法。
[8]
少なくとも50重量%の1233zd(E)を含む冷媒を冷却器内で圧縮し、その後、冷却する物体の近傍で冷媒を蒸発させることを含む、冷却を生成させる方法。
[9]
冷媒が1233zd(E)から実質的に構成される、[8]に記載の方法。
[10]
a.遠心圧縮器;及び
b.遠心圧縮器内に配置されている1233zd(E)を含む冷媒;
を含む、遠心冷却器システム。
Claims (13)
- 1233zd(E)からなる冷媒を圧縮することを含み、圧縮を遠心冷却器システム内で行う、冷却を生成させる方法。
- COPが4.7〜4.96の間である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記冷却器システムが潤滑剤を含む、請求項1〜2のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記潤滑剤が、ポリオールエステル(POE)、ポリアルキレングリコール(PAG)、シリコーン油、鉱油、アルキルベンゼン(AB)、及びポリ(α−オレフィン)(PAO)から選ばれる、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記潤滑剤が、鉱油、ポリオールエステル(POE)、及びアルキルベンゼン(AB)から選ばれる、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記冷却器システムが蒸発器及び凝縮器をさらに含み、蒸発器が2℃の温度で運転可能であり、凝縮器が40℃の温度で運転可能である、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記圧縮機が単一圧縮機又は二重圧縮機である、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記圧縮が1、2、3、4又は5段階で行われる、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- a.遠心圧縮器;及び
b.遠心圧縮器内に配置されている1233zd(E)からなる冷媒;
を含む、遠心冷却器システム。 - 前記圧縮機が単一圧縮機又は二重圧縮機である、請求項9に記載の冷却器システム。
- 潤滑剤をさらに含む、請求項9又は10に記載の冷却器システム。
- 前記潤滑剤が、鉱油、ポリオールエステル(POE)、及びアルキルベンゼン(AB)から選ばれる、請求項11に記載の冷却器システム。
- 前記冷却器システムが蒸発器及び凝縮器をさらに含み、蒸発器が2℃の温度で運転可能であり、凝縮器が40℃の温度で運転可能である、請求項9〜12のいずれかに記載の前記冷却器システム。
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13824508P | 2008-12-17 | 2008-12-17 | |
US61/138,245 | 2008-12-17 | ||
US12/351,807 US9499729B2 (en) | 2006-06-26 | 2009-01-09 | Compositions and methods containing fluorine substituted olefins |
US12/351,807 | 2009-01-09 | ||
US12/637,562 | 2009-12-14 | ||
US12/637,562 US8574451B2 (en) | 2005-06-24 | 2009-12-14 | Trans-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene for use in chiller applications |
PCT/US2009/068159 WO2010077898A2 (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2009-12-16 | Trans-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene for use in chiller applications |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014228716A Division JP2015057494A (ja) | 2008-12-17 | 2014-11-11 | 冷却器用途において用いるためのトランス−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2012512317A JP2012512317A (ja) | 2012-05-31 |
JP5674157B2 true JP5674157B2 (ja) | 2015-02-25 |
Family
ID=42264108
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2011542355A Active JP5674157B2 (ja) | 2008-12-17 | 2009-12-16 | 冷却器用途において用いるためのトランス−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン |
JP2014228716A Withdrawn JP2015057494A (ja) | 2008-12-17 | 2014-11-11 | 冷却器用途において用いるためのトランス−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン |
JP2017012166A Pending JP2017096623A (ja) | 2008-12-17 | 2017-01-26 | 冷却器用途において用いるためのトランス−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン |
JP2018028710A Pending JP2018111824A (ja) | 2008-12-17 | 2018-02-21 | 冷却器用途において用いるためのトランス−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン |
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JP2014228716A Withdrawn JP2015057494A (ja) | 2008-12-17 | 2014-11-11 | 冷却器用途において用いるためのトランス−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン |
JP2017012166A Pending JP2017096623A (ja) | 2008-12-17 | 2017-01-26 | 冷却器用途において用いるためのトランス−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン |
JP2018028710A Pending JP2018111824A (ja) | 2008-12-17 | 2018-02-21 | 冷却器用途において用いるためのトランス−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
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US (4) | US8574451B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP2238213B1 (ja) |
JP (4) | JP5674157B2 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN104910867A (ja) |
DK (1) | DK2238213T3 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2645091T3 (ja) |
HU (1) | HUE035027T2 (ja) |
PL (1) | PL2238213T3 (ja) |
PT (1) | PT2238213T (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2010077898A2 (ja) |
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CN102264860B (zh) | 2015-06-17 |
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HUE035027T2 (en) | 2018-03-28 |
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PL2238213T3 (pl) | 2018-01-31 |
JP2018111824A (ja) | 2018-07-19 |
US20180180334A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 |
JP2017096623A (ja) | 2017-06-01 |
CN102264860A (zh) | 2011-11-30 |
US20100154444A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
WO2010077898A2 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
US20140069129A1 (en) | 2014-03-13 |
PT2238213T (pt) | 2017-11-02 |
WO2010077898A3 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
US8574451B2 (en) | 2013-11-05 |
EP2238213A4 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
ES2645091T3 (es) | 2017-12-04 |
US20160209089A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
EP2238213B1 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
JP2012512317A (ja) | 2012-05-31 |
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