JP5666087B2 - Cns関連疾患の治療のための方法及び組成物 - Google Patents
Cns関連疾患の治療のための方法及び組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5666087B2 JP5666087B2 JP2008505658A JP2008505658A JP5666087B2 JP 5666087 B2 JP5666087 B2 JP 5666087B2 JP 2008505658 A JP2008505658 A JP 2008505658A JP 2008505658 A JP2008505658 A JP 2008505658A JP 5666087 B2 JP5666087 B2 JP 5666087B2
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- memantine
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- pharmaceutically acceptable
- acceptable salt
- donepezil
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Description
これらの疾患及び疾病の治療のための改良された治療薬が必要とされている。
とりわけ、本発明の組み合わせで使用される場合に非毒性であるものである、いずれかのNMDArアンタゴニストが、本発明の方法及び組成物で使用できる。用語「非毒性」は相対的な意味で使用され、ヒトへの投与について米国食品医薬品局(「FDA」)によって承認されている、または確立された規則的な基準及び実施で維持されているいずれかの物質を表すように企図され、ヒトまたは動物への投与についてFDAまたはいずれかの国の同様な管理団体によって承認されているようである物質を表すように企図される。
ここに記載される組み合わせのACheIは、アセチルコリンエステラーゼインヒビター(例えば、ドネペジル/ARICEPT(登録商標)、リバスチグミン/EXELON(登録商標)、ガランタミン/REMINYL(登録商標)、タクリン/COGNEX(登録商標)、メトリホネート、またはフペルジン-A)である。
本発明に係る製薬組成物は、所望のNMDArアンタゴニストを、患者に投与された際にNMDArアンタゴニストを特定の期間の間標的化濃度範囲で放出させる一つ以上の更なる成分と組み合わせることによって調製される。NMDArアンタゴニストは、Tmaxの関連した遅延を有する、迅速放出(IRと称される)投与量形態に対して顕著に減少したdC/dTで放出されるように提供されて良い。前記製薬組成物は、24時間、16時間、8時間、4時間、2時間、または少なくとも1時間まで、Tmaxのシフトを提供するように製剤化されて良い。dC/dTにおける関連した減少は、約0.05、0.10、0.25、0.5、または少なくとも0.8の係数にまでであって良い。更に、NMDArアンタゴニストは、NMDArアンタゴニストを患者に導入した後約2時間から少なくとも8時間まで、約2以下のCmax/Cmeanを生ずる速度で放出されるように提供されて良い。
本発明の組み合わせは、局所的または全身性の態様のいずれか、あるいは蓄積または持続放出態様で投与されて良い。二種類の薬剤は、経口、経皮的、または鼻腔内製剤で投与されて良い。好ましい実施態様では、組み合わせのNMDArアンタゴニスト、ACheI、または両薬剤は、制御された伸長放出を提供するように製剤化されて良い(ここに記載されるように)。例えば、NMDArアンタゴニスト、ACheI、または両者の制御放出を提供する製薬製剤は、患者に投与される場合、各薬剤が特定期間について標的速度で放出されることを生ずる一つ以上の更なる成分と、所望の薬剤とを組み合わせることによって調製されて良い。二種類の薬剤は好ましくは、組み合わせ中の第一剤と第二剤から所望の効果を提供する態様で投与される。任意に、第一剤と第二剤は、患者に導入される前に単一製剤中に混合される。前記組み合わせは、第一剤と第二剤の適当な量を含む単位投与量で、従来通り分割されて良い。単位投与量形態は例えば、それ自体カプセルまたは錠剤であって良く、実装形態でそのような組成物の適当数であることができる。単位投与量形態中の活性成分の量は、治療される疾患の特定の必要性に応じて変化または調節されて良い。
前記組み合わせは、特定のタイプの送達のために最適化された製薬組成物として提供できる。例えば、経口送達用の製薬組成物は、当該技術分野で周知であり、以下に更に記載される製薬学的に許容可能なキャリアを使用して製剤化される。キャリアは、組み合わせ中の薬剤を、患者によって経口摂取される、例えば錠剤、丸薬、カプセル、溶液、懸濁物、パウダー、液体、またはゲルとして製剤化可能である。
別法として、本発明の組成物は経皮的に投与されても良い。経皮パッチにおける送達のための調製は、当該技術分野で既知の方法を使用して実施でき、例えば米国特許第5,186,938号;第6,183,770号;第4,861,800号;第4,284,444号;及びWO 89/09051に一般的に記載されたものを含む。パッチは、治療剤が短い半減期を有する場合、またはdC/dTの減少が必要な場合に特に有用な実施態様である。パッチは、12時間、24時間、3日間、7日間に亘り皮膚透過性の活性成分の放出を制御するために作成できる。一例では、2倍の毎日の量のNMDArアンタゴニストが、オピエート麻酔剤、非ステロイド性抗炎症剤、または麻酔剤と共に不揮発性の流体に配置される。ここで使用される試薬の量を考慮して、好ましい放出は12から72時間であろう。
痴呆(例えばアルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、ピック病、前頭側頭骨痴呆、血管性痴呆、正常血圧脳水腫、HD、及びMCI)、神経関連疾患、痴呆関連疾患、例えば癲癇、発作性疾患、急性痛、慢性痛、慢性神経痛を含むCNS関連疾患に罹患している、または罹患する危険のあるいずれかの患者が、ここに記載される組み合わせ及び方法を使用して治療されて良い。癲癇性疾患は、複雑部分発作、単純部分発作、続発性全身発作、全身性アブサンス、大発作(強直・間代発作)、緊張性発作、無緊張性発作、間代性筋痙攣、新生児発作、及び乳児製発作を含む。更なる特定の癲癇症候群は、若年性間代性筋痙攣、レノックス-ガストー症候群、近心側頭葉癲癇、夜行性前頭葉癲癇、心的遅滞を伴う進行性癲癇、及び進行性間代性筋癲癇を含む。本発明の組み合わせはまた、心臓血管疾患、運動神経疾患(例えばALS、脊髄運動萎縮症、テイ-サックス病、サンドッフ病、家族性痙性対性麻痺)、神経変性疾患(例えば家族性アルツハイマー病、プリオン関連疾患、小脳性運動失調、フリートライヒ運動失調、SCA、ウィルソン病、RP、ALS、副腎脳白質ジストロフィー、メンケズ症候群、皮質下梗塞を伴う大脳常染色体優性動脈症(CADASIL);脊髄性筋萎縮症、家族性ALS、筋ジストロフィー、シャルコー-マリー-トース病、神経線維腫症、フォン・ヒッペル-リンダウ症候群、脆弱X症候群、痙性対麻痺、精神病(例えばパニック症候群、一般的不安症、全てのタイプの恐怖症、躁病、躁鬱病、軽躁病、単極鬱病、鬱病、ストレス疾患、PTSD、身体表現性傷害、人格性疾患、精神病、及び精神分裂病)、及び薬剤依存性(例えばアルコール、精神刺激薬(例えばクラック、スピード、メト)、オピオイド、及びニコチン)、結節硬化症、及びバーデンブルグ症候群)、発作(例えば血栓性、塞栓性、血塞栓性、出血性、静脈狭窄性、静脈性)、運動障害(例えばPD、失調症、良性本能性振せん、晩発性失調症、晩発性ジスキネジー、及びツレット病)、運動失調症候群、交感神経系の疾患(例えばシャイ-ドレーガー症候群、オリーブ橋小脳変性、線条帯黒質変性、PD、HD、グリアンバーレ症候群、カウザルギー、複雑局所痛症候群I型及びII型、糖尿病性神経症、及びアルコール性神経症)、脳神経疾患(例えば三叉神経傷害、三叉神経痛、メニエール病、口蓋舌神経痛、嚥下障害、発声障害、及び脳神経麻痺)、ミエロパシー、外傷性脳及び脊髄損傷、放射線脳損傷、多発性硬化症、髄膜炎後症候群、プリオン疾患、脊髄炎、神経根炎、神経障害(例えばグリアン-バーレ症候群、異常タンパク血症と関連する糖尿病、トランスサイレチン誘導神経障害、HIVと関連する神経障害、ライム病と関連する神経障害、帯状疱疹と関連する神経障害、手根管症候群、足根管症候群、アミロイド誘導性神経障害、らい性神経障害、ベル麻痺、圧迫性神経障害、サルコイドーシス誘導性神経障害、頭側多発性神経炎、重金属誘導性神経障害、遷移金属誘導性神経障害、薬剤誘導性神経障害)、軸索性脳損傷、脳障害、及び慢性不安症候群を含む。全ての上述の疾患は、ここに記載される組み合わせ及び方法で治療されて良い。
メマンチンの迅速放出製剤(例えばNamenda)は、典型的に低投与量(例えば5mg/日)で投与され、治療上有効である定常期血清濃度に到達するために、経時的に増加していく頻度と投与量で段階的に投与される。製造者の推奨によれば、メマンチンの迅速放出製剤であるNamendaは、最初に5mg/日の投与量で患者に投与される。一定期間の後、一日二度で患者に投与される。次に患者は、一日5mgと10mgで投与され、最後に一日二度10mgのNamendaで投与される。この承認された投与量摂生を使用して、治療上有効な安定期血清濃度が、治療の開始に引き続き約13日以内で達成されて良い。持続放出製剤(例えば22.5mgの一定の毎日の投与量で)を使用して、治療上有効な安定期濃度は、投与量上昇摂生を使用せずに、実質的に直ぐに達成されて良い。そのような濃度は、治療の開始の13日以内で達成されるように予測される。更に、持続放出製剤の各吸収期間の間のスロープは、Namandaについてのスロープよりも小さい(即ち傾斜が緩い)。従って、持続放出製剤のdC/dTは、迅速放出製剤に対して減少するが、投与される投与量は、迅速放出製剤についてのものよりも多い。このモデルに基づいて、メマンチンの持続放出製剤は、治療の開始から治療の継続時間を通じて、ほぼ十分な強度の投与量(または治療上有効な投与量に有効に到達する量)で患者に投与されて良い。従って、投与量上昇は必要ではないであろう。同様に、ここに記載される制御放出方法は、他のNMDArアンタゴニストまたはACheIについてdC/dTを減少するために使用されても良く、投与量上昇についての必要性なく前記組み合わせの投与が可能である。
投与量範囲の研究は、例えばVan Dam等(Psychopharmacology 2005, 180(1): 177-190参照)に記載の痴呆モデル(APP23マウスモデル)を使用して、またはDong等(Psychopharmacology 2005, 181(1): 145-152)に記載のTg2576モデルを使用して実施される。アイソボィックな実験は、薬剤をED100まで(例えばED50:ED50またはED25:ED75)添加するためにそのEDXXの分画中に組み合わせることを確認する。データのプロットを構築する。グラフのED50点の間の直線より下部に存在する実験点は相乗効果を示し、直線状の点は付加的効果を示し、直線より上部の点は阻害効果を示す。アイソボィックな線は最適比である。これは最適安定期比(Cratio,ss)であり、薬剤半減期に基づいて調節される。同様なプロトコールは、広範囲の各種の動物モデルに適用されて良い。
メマンチンとガランタミンの組み合わせについての放出特性が、以下の表4に示されている。累積分画は、血清または消化管環境に対する製剤マトリックスするから放出される薬剤物質の量(例えば米国特許第4,839,177号)、または溶解媒体として水を使用するUSP II Padleシステムで測定された量である。
メマンチンとガランタミンの投与のための伸長放出投与量形態を、三種の区画として調製する。それぞれは異なる放出プロフィールを有する三種の個々に圧縮された錠剤を調製し、ゼラチンカプセルにカプセル化し、ついで閉ざして密封する。三種の錠剤の成分は以下の通りである。
塩酸メマンチン(または塩酸ドネペジル)含有ペレットを、ウェット塊状化によって調製した。塩酸メマンチン(または塩酸ドネペジル)を計量し、低剪断プラネタリーミキサーのボール中にNo.20スクリーンを通じて篩い分けした。これに対して、マイクロクリスタリンセルロースを計量し、No.20スクリーンを通じて添加し、へらを使用して塩酸メマンチン(または塩酸ドネペジル)と混合し、次いでプラネタリーミキサーで低速度で混合した。事前に計量したEudragit NE 400をパウダーミキサーに迅速に添加し、完全な分配のための添加の間十分な時間を掛けた。底への蓄積を避け、材料を分散させるために、底を周期的に擦り取った。押し出しに適した均一なブレンドが得られるまで、10mLの増分(その第一のものはEudragit NE 40Dを含むビーカーをすすぐために使用した)でミキサーに精製水をブレンドした。10から50mlの水で実験バッチを調製した。当該技術分野で周知の方法による押し出し、球状化、乾燥の次にウェット顆粒化を実施した。
速及び中の持続放出(SR)塩酸メマンチン(または塩酸ドネペジル)の製剤を、20%の塩酸メマンチン(または塩酸ドネペジル)ペレットに、Opadryのサブコート(2%の最終ペレット重量)を適用し、次に機能性コーティング(25%のSunreleaseから調製された15%分散物)を適用することによって得た。
各種の組み合わせのメマンチンとドネペジルを、表13に示されるようにハードゼラチンカプセル中に各ペレットを充填することによって調製した。別個に調製したペレットは、0.1:100から100:0.1、好ましくは1:100から100:1、より好ましくは1:10から10:1の範囲のメマンチン:ドネペジル比のペレットを作成する可変性を与える。
各種のメマンチン-ドネペジルの組み合わせ(実施例7に示されたもの)の溶解プロフィールを、媒体として水を使用して、37.0±0.5℃の温度で、50rpmでのUSP II(パドル)溶解システムから得た(図2A-2C、3A-3C、4A-4C、及び5A-5C)。
Gastro-Plusソフトウェアーパッケージv.4.0.2を使用して、in vivo放出プロフィールを得た(図6A-6E、7)。例示的なヒトPK放出プロフィールは、図7に示されている。現在市販されている製品のIR投与と比較して、実施例5-7に従って作成された制御放出組み合わせ製品についての放出プロフィールと薬力学的特性は図7と図8の表に示されている。IR投与については、経口投与量は製造者の推奨に従う(5mgのメマンチンq.d.、5mgのBIDに毎週ベースで増大、午前10mgで午後5mg、ついでその後10mgのメマンチンb.i.d.;二週間にわたり5mgのドネペジルq.d.、その後10mgのドネペジルに増大)。SR製剤NPI-6272については、22.5mgのメマンチンと10mgのドネペジルを、図4Bに示されるように活性剤を放出する制御放出経口送達製剤で提供する。SR製品のdC/dTは、メマンチンとドネペジルの両者について同じ投与量のためのIR形態よりもかなり低い。測定されるように、22.5mgでのメマンチンのdC/dTは、5mgのIR投与量形態のものと匹敵する。かくして、SR製剤は、各患者投与量の間で薬剤中でより段階的な増大を提供する。
上述のように、NMDArアンタゴニストの伸長放出製剤は、局所投与のために製剤化される。メマンチン経皮パッチ製剤を、例えば米国特許第6,770,295号及び第6,746,689号に記載されたように調製する。
メマンチンとドネペジルの伸長放出組み合わせ製剤の安全性及び薬力学を測定する研究が以下に記載される。この研究結果は、症状の頻度、並びに薬力学的パラメーターをより高投与量で評価するために期待される。
メマンチンとドネペジルの二種の伸長放出組み合わせ製剤の有効性を測定するための研究が以下に記載される。この研究は、症状を増大することなく、効力のより迅速な開始を確立するために期待される(投与量の上昇しない投与量摂生(即ち、投与量の観点でメマンチンとドネペジルの実質的に同一の投与量の投与)の寛容性を確認する)。
Claims (19)
- (a)12.5から40mgのメマンチンまたは製薬学的に許容可能なそれらの塩;
(b) ドネペジルまたは製薬学的に許容可能なそれらの塩
を含む、アルツハイマー病または痴呆の治療のための一日一度の経口用製薬組成物であって、
少なくとも前記メマンチンまたは製薬学的に許容可能なそれらの塩が、被覆ペレットまたはビーズを含む伸長放出投与量形態で提供され、
前記伸長放出メマンチンまたは製薬学的に許容可能なそれらの塩が、同量のメマンチンの迅速放出形態の、時間の関数としての血漿濃度の変化(dC/dT)の速度の50%未満であるdC/dTを提供し、
前記dC/dTは、メマンチンの迅速放出形態の0からTmaxの期間の間のヒトPK研究において測定される、組成物。 - 前記メマンチンまたは製薬学的に許容可能なそれらの塩、並びに前記ドネペジルまたは製薬学的に許容可能なそれらの塩が、同時に投与される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記メマンチンまたは製薬学的に許容可能なそれらの塩、並びに前記ドネペジルまたは製薬学的に許容可能なそれらの塩が、単一の組成物として投与される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- (a)被覆ビーズまたはペレットを含む伸長放出形態で、12.5から40mgのメマンチンまたは製薬学的に許容可能なそれらの塩を含み、ここで前記伸長放出メマンチンまたは製薬学的に許容可能なそれらの塩が、同量のメマンチンの迅速放出形態の、時間の関数としての血漿濃度の変化(dC/dT)の50%未満であるdC/dTを提供し、前記dC/dTは、メマンチンの迅速放出形態の0からTmaxの期間の間の単一投与量ヒトPK研究において測定され、且つ
(b) ドネペジルまたは製薬学的に許容可能なそれらの塩を含む、
一日一度の経口用製薬組成物を含む、CNS関連疾患の治療である、ヒト患者における副作用の可能性の低減のための組成物であって、
前記CNS関連疾患はアルツハイマー病及び痴呆からなる群から選択され、前記副作用はメマンチンと関連する、組成物。 - 前記投与量形態がカプセルである、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記ドネペジルまたは製薬学的に許容可能なそれらの塩が、迅速放出形態で存在する、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 1から20mgの塩酸ドネペジルを含む、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- ヒト患者に対する前記組成物の投与が、メマンチンの迅速放出形態に対して少なくとも8時間のメマンチンTmaxでシフトを提供する、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- ヒト患者に対する前記組成物の投与が、少なくとも19時間のメマンチンTmaxを提供する、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- ヒト患者に対する前記組成物の投与が、投与後1時間から少なくとも6時間で、2.5から2の最大メマンチン血漿濃度/平均メマンチン血漿濃度比(Cmax/Cmean)によって特徴づけされる血漿メマンチン濃度プロフィールを提供する、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記メマンチンまたは製薬学的に許容可能なそれらの塩、並びにドネペジルまたは製薬学的に許容可能なそれらの塩が、単一の投与量形態で提供される、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 塩酸メマンチンを含む、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも22.5mgの塩酸メマンチンと、1から20mgの塩酸ドネペジルとを含む、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 20mgから40mgのメマンチンを含む、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物中の少なくとも80%のメマンチンまたは製薬学的に許容可能なそれらの塩が伸張放出形態で提供され、残部が迅速放出形態で提供される、請求項1または4に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物中の少なくとも95%のメマンチンまたは製薬学的に許容可能なそれらの塩が伸張放出形態で提供され、残部が迅速放出形態で提供される、請求項1または4に記載の組成物。
- 前記メマンチンまたは製薬学的に許容可能なそれらの塩の放出が一相である、請求項1または4に記載の組成物。
- 前記メマンチンまたは製薬学的に許容可能なそれらの塩の放出が二相である、請求項1または4に記載の組成物。
- 前記メマンチンが、エチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、及びポリビニルピロリドンからなる群から選択される一種以上の伸張放出賦形剤を更に含む、請求項1または4に記載の組成物。
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US11/285,905 US7619007B2 (en) | 2004-11-23 | 2005-11-22 | Method and composition for administering an NMDA receptor antagonist to a subject |
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