JP5659988B2 - 合わせガラス - Google Patents
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- JP5659988B2 JP5659988B2 JP2011192799A JP2011192799A JP5659988B2 JP 5659988 B2 JP5659988 B2 JP 5659988B2 JP 2011192799 A JP2011192799 A JP 2011192799A JP 2011192799 A JP2011192799 A JP 2011192799A JP 5659988 B2 JP5659988 B2 JP 5659988B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
- C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/10816—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing
- B32B17/10825—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts
- B32B17/10834—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts using a fluid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C14/00—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/095—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing rare earths
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/256—Heavy metal or aluminum or compound thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/256—Heavy metal or aluminum or compound thereof
- Y10T428/257—Iron oxide or aluminum oxide
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/259—Silicic material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31627—Next to aldehyde or ketone condensation product
- Y10T428/3163—Next to acetal of polymerized unsaturated alcohol [e.g., formal butyral, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31634—Next to cellulosic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31645—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31649—Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer
Description
そこで、このような問題を改善すべく、特許文献1には、電波透過性能を確保しつつ、赤外線を遮蔽する合わせガラスが提案されている。この合わせガラスは、粒径が0.2μm以下の機能性微粒子を分散配合した中間膜を有し、赤外線を遮蔽するとともに、電波受信障害を低減できるとされている。
一方、赤外線遮蔽性能と微粒子の量との関係については、特許文献2に記載されている。この公報には、ITO粉末を有機樹脂中に分散した赤外線カットオフ材に関する記載があり、特許文献2の図1には赤外線遮蔽性能とITO粉末の添加量との関係が記載されている。
〔1.合わせガラスの構造〕
図1は、本発明の一つの実施の形態(合わせガラス)を示す概略断面図である。合わせガラス1は、中間膜12を挟持した2枚のガラス板11a、11bを、オートクレーブ内で加圧し、これらを圧着して一体化することにより作製される。中間膜12は、ポリビニルブチラール系膜またはエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体系膜に、粒径が0.2μm以下(好ましくは0.001〜0.15μm)の赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を分散配合して作られる。
ここで、中間膜の製造方法について述べる。可塑剤中に粒径が0.2μm以下の赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を分散させ、次いでこの可塑剤を樹脂溶液中に分散添加して混合混練することにより、膜用樹脂原料を得る。その後、この膜用樹脂原料を押出成形等で成形することにより、赤外線遮蔽性微粒子が分散配合された中間膜が得られる。
赤外線遮蔽性微粒子の材質としては、例えばSn、Ti、Si、Zn、Zr、Fe、Al、Cr、Co、Ce、In、Ni、Ag、Cu、Pt、Mn、Ta、W、V、Moの金属、酸化物、窒化物、硫化物、またはこれらにSbもしくはFをドープしたドープ物からなる微粒子が例示される。これらの微粒子を単独または複合物として使用することができる。また、これらの単独物または複合物を有機樹脂に混合した混合物、またはこれらの単独物または複合物を有機樹脂で被覆した被覆物を用いることは、自動車用窓ガラスに求められる種々の性能を得るために有効である。
ガラス板11a、11bのうちの少なくとも一方に、通常のフロートガラスよりも多量の鉄を含有させたソーダライムシリカガラスを用いる。その結果、近赤外線をガラス板に吸収させることができ、赤外線遮蔽性微粒子の添加量が少なくても赤外線遮蔽性能を維持することができる。具体的には、ガラス板11aおよび11bのJIS R3106−1998に準拠して求められた日射透過率の積が0.3〜0.6となるように、鉄の含有量を調節する。
合わせガラスから切り出した1cm2の合わせガラス片について説明する。 図2(a)は、合わせガラスと、この合わせガラスから切り出した合わせガラス片とを示す正面図である。図2(b)は、B−B’線拡大断面図である。図2(a)に示すように、合わせガラス1の表面に、1cm四方の正方形領域を想定すると、その断面は図2(b)に示すガラス板11aAと中間膜12Aとガラス板11bAとで構成される。
一方、合わせガラスのうちの少なくとも1枚のガラス板に、以下に示す特性のガラス板を用いてもよい。実厚で、ISO−9050に準拠して求められた紫外線透過率が30%以下、標準光源Aにより測定した可視光線透過率が70%以上、主波長が480〜570nm、標準光源Aにより測定した刺激純度が6%以下の特性を有するガラス板を用いるとよい。
さらに、実厚で、ISO−9050に準拠して求められた紫外線透過率が15%以下、標準光源Aにより測定した可視光線透過率が70%以上、主波長が480〜570nm、標準光源Aにより測定した刺激純度が6%以下の特性を有するガラス板は、次の効果を有する。すなわち、上記ガラス板を用いた合わせガラスは、赤外線遮蔽性微粒子の添加にともなうヘイズの増大を防止し、赤外線遮蔽性能と紫外線遮蔽性能との両機能を併せ持つことができる。
本実施の形態における各ガラス板の厚さは、それぞれ1.2〜5mmが好ましい。この場合、複数枚のガラス板の各厚さは同じであっても異なっていてもよい。複数枚のガラス板の厚さが同じ場合、各ガラス板の厚さは1.7〜3mmが好ましい。複数枚のガラス板の厚さが異なる場合、薄いガラス板の厚さが1.2〜2.5mmであり、かつ、厚いガラス板の厚さが2〜5mmであることが好ましい。
一方、本実施の形態の合わせガラスを自動車窓用の合わせガラスとして用いる場合、各ガラス板が異なる特性を有すること、特に車外側ガラス板のFeOの含有量が車内側のガラス板の含有量よりも多いことは好ましい。その理由は以下のとおりである。自動車窓用の合わせガラスの場合、車外側のガラス板の色が車内側のガラス板に比べて濃い(以下、車内側のガラス板の色と車外側の色との濃さの表現は、両者の相対比較を意味する)ことにより、窓ガラスと自動車のボディとの外観上の一体感が得られる。これは車外から合わせガラスを見たときに車内側のガラス板の色が濃いと、車内側のガラス板の位置に窓の面があるかのように、窓ガラスが窪んで見えるからである。
〔中間膜の実施例1〕
ITO微粒子(粒径0.02μm以下)を分散含有した3GH(トリエチレングリコールビス(2−エチルブチレート))を10g(ITO微粒子の添加量は1g)、通常の3GHを130g、PVB(ポリビニルブチラール)樹脂を360g用意する。PVB樹脂中に3GHを添加し、約70℃に加熱した状態で3本ロールミキサーにより約15分程度練り込みこれらを混合し、得られた製膜用樹脂原料を190℃前後まで加熱する。その後、型押出機を使って厚さ約0.8mmのフイルム状に成形し、ロールに巻き取り、実施例1に係る中間膜を得た。
ITO微粒子の添加量を1gから1.25gに変更し、実施例1と同様の処理を行い、実施例2に係る中間膜を得た。
ITO微粒子の添加量を1gから1.5gに変更し、実施例1と同様の処理を行い、実施例3に係る中間膜を得た。
ITO微粒子の添加量を1gから1.75gに変更し、実施例1と同様の処理を行い、実施例4に係る中間膜を得た。
ITO微粒子の添加量を1gから2.5gに変更し、実施例1と同様の処理を行い、実施例5に係る中間膜を得た。
1,000mm×1,500mmの寸法で、厚さ2mmのガラス板を3種類用意した。3種類のガラス板(ガラス板の実施例1〜3)は、実質的に質量百分率表示で表1に記載の組成のソーダライムシリカガラスからなる。なお、実施例3は、通常の無色のソーダライムシリカガラスからなる。
次に、ガラス板の実施例と中間膜の実施例とを適宜組み合わせ、表2に示す自動車窓用の合わせガラス(実施例1〜22)を作製した。なお、表2中の符号は図1のものと同等であり、ガラス板11aは車内側に設置され、ガラス板11bは車外側に設置されるものと仮定する。
11a、11b:ガラス板
12:中間膜
Claims (5)
- 複数枚のガラス板と、前記各ガラス板の間に設けられた中間膜とが積層された合わせガラスにおいて、前記中間膜は、粒径が0.2μm以下の赤外線遮蔽性微粒子が分散配合された有機樹脂膜からなり、前記各ガラス板の日射透過率の積は、0.3〜0.6であり、前記中間膜中の前記赤外線遮蔽性微粒子の分散配合割合は、前記中間膜の全質量100質量部に対して0.1〜0.5質量部であり、前記ガラス板がともに緑色系ソーダライムシリカガラスであり、前記合わせガラスから切り出した1cm2の合わせガラス片を構成する各ガラス板に含まれるFe2O3換算した全鉄の含有量の総和が5〜7mgであり、前記合わせガラスの前記各ガラス板に含まれるFe 2 O 3 換算したFeOの総和が0.5〜2.5mgであり、前記合わせガラスから切り出した1cm 2 の合わせガラス片における中間膜に含まれる前記微粒子の含有量は、0.1〜0.5mgであり、前記各ガラス板の1,100nmの波長の赤外光の透過率の積が0.15〜0.29かつ前記各ガラス板の850nmの波長の赤外光の透過率の積以下であることを特徴とする合わせガラス。
- 前記赤外線遮蔽性微粒子は、錫がドープされた酸化インジウム、およびアンチモンがドープされた酸化錫から選択される何れか一つからなる、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記合わせガラスの車外側ガラス板のCeO 2 含有量が車内側ガラス板のCeO 2 含有量以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜2に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記合わせガラスの前記各ガラス板に含まれるFe 2 O 3 換算したFeOの総和が1〜1.5mgであり、前記合わせガラスから切り出した1cm 2 の合わせガラス片における中間膜に含まれる微粒子の含有量が0.2〜0.4mgであり、前記赤外線遮蔽性微粒子が錫がドープされた酸化インジウムであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記合わせガラスの850nmの波長の赤外光透過率が25.8%以上であり、前記合わせガラス2枚の850nmの波長の赤外光の輝度が5%以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4に記載の合わせガラス。
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KR100794545B1 (ko) | 2008-01-17 |
US6506487B2 (en) | 2003-01-14 |
JP2012001433A (ja) | 2012-01-05 |
DE60122077D1 (de) | 2006-09-21 |
EP1188551B1 (en) | 2006-08-09 |
US20020054993A1 (en) | 2002-05-09 |
EP1188551A1 (en) | 2002-03-20 |
EP1671783A1 (en) | 2006-06-21 |
KR20020021610A (ko) | 2002-03-21 |
DE60122077T2 (de) | 2007-02-15 |
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