JP5620028B2 - 無水ハロゲン化水素および無水二酸化炭素の合成のための方法 - Google Patents
無水ハロゲン化水素および無水二酸化炭素の合成のための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5620028B2 JP5620028B2 JP2014505172A JP2014505172A JP5620028B2 JP 5620028 B2 JP5620028 B2 JP 5620028B2 JP 2014505172 A JP2014505172 A JP 2014505172A JP 2014505172 A JP2014505172 A JP 2014505172A JP 5620028 B2 JP5620028 B2 JP 5620028B2
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- anhydrous
- hydrogen
- carbon dioxide
- carbon monoxide
- water
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 214
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 107
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims description 107
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 68
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 48
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 title claims description 48
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 112
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 109
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 86
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 82
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 73
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 72
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 hydrogen halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 12
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATEBGNALLCMSGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)CCl ATEBGNALLCMSGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)F UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRCHKSNAZZFGCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(Cl)Cl FRCHKSNAZZFGCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)Cl DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOUGCJDAQLKBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)C(F)(F)F BOUGCJDAQLKBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XWCDCDSDNJVCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FCCl XWCDCDSDNJVCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Co] Chemical compound [Cr].[Co] WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011021 bench scale process Methods 0.000 description 1
- MEXUFEQDCXZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromochlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Br MEXUFEQDCXZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJCQBQGAPKAMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromotrifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)Br RJCQBQGAPKAMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFYPFACVUDMOHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)Cl AFYPFACVUDMOHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMNKXPULIDJLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)Cl UMNKXPULIDJLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940099364 dichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940087091 dichlorotetrafluoroethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003750 ethyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WMIYKQLTONQJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WMIYKQLTONQJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001055 inconels 600 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
- B01J8/067—Heating or cooling the reactor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/12—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/01—Chlorine; Hydrogen chloride
- C01B7/03—Preparation from chlorides
- C01B7/035—Preparation of hydrogen chloride from chlorides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/09—Bromine; Hydrogen bromide
- C01B7/093—Hydrogen bromide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/19—Fluorine; Hydrogen fluoride
- C01B7/191—Hydrogen fluoride
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- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00212—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
- B01J2208/00221—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders comprising baffles for guiding the flow of the heat exchange medium
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00256—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles in a heat exchanger for the heat exchange medium separate from the reactor
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- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00389—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
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- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
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- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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- B01J2219/00004—Scale aspects
- B01J2219/00006—Large-scale industrial plants
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
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Description
本出願は、本明細書に完全に記載されているかのように参照により本明細書に援用される、2011年4月12日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/474,659号の利益を主張するものである。
触媒#1は、合金形態における、元素Fe50.0重量%、Ni33.5重量%、Al14.0重量%、Co0.5重量%、Ti0.5重量%、Si1.125重量%およびRh/Pt0.5重量%からなる。この合金の真密度は、2.0g/cm3〜10g/cm3の範囲であり、この合金の触媒粒子のかさ密度は、0.25〜0.5g/ccの範囲である。
触媒#2は、合金形態における、元素Fe63.0重量%、CR18重量%、Mo3重量%、Mn2.0重量%、およびSi0.08重量%からなる。この合金の真密度は、2.0〜10g/cm3の範囲であり、触媒のかさ密度は、0.25〜0.5g/ccの範囲である。合金#2と同等の他の触媒は、Hastelloy C、Inconel 600およびステンレス鋼316である。
触媒#3は、合金形態における、元素Fe65.0重量%、Nd29重量%、Dy3.6重量%、Nb0.5重量%、B1.1重量%およびIr/Pt0.08重量%からなる。この合金の真密度は、2.0〜10g/cm3の範囲であり、触媒のかさ密度は、0.25〜0.5g/ccの範囲である。
触媒#4は、合金形態における、元素Pd82.0重量%、Cu17重量%およびPt/Rh1.0重量%からなる。この合金の真密度は、2.0〜10g/cm3の範囲であり、触媒のかさ密度は、0.25〜0.5g/ccの範囲である。
CO+H2O→C02+H2+ΔHR
−26.00−58.00→−94.00+0.00
ΔHr=84.00ΔHp=−94.00
ΔHR25℃=ΔHp−ΔHr=−94.00+84.00=−10Kcal/モル
CPr=+7.21=+8.54=+15.75Cal/モル×℃
CPp=+10.77+7.00=+17.77Cal/モル×℃
ΔCP=CPp−CPr=(17.75−15.75)=2×800=1600=1.6Kcal/モル
ΔHR800℃=−10.00Kcal/モル+1.60=−8.40Kcal/モル
発熱反応
−220.50+0.00−94.00→−26.40−64.00
ΔHr=−220.50−94.00=314.5
ΔHp=−2(26.40)−4×64.00=−308.8
ΔHR25℃=−308.8+314.50=+5.700Kcal/モル
CPr=+14.56+2(7.00)+10.77=+39.33Cal/モル×℃
CPp=+2(7.21)+4(6.94)=+42.18Cal/モル×℃
ΔCP=2.85×800=+2.28Kcal/モル
ΔHR800℃=+5.70+2.28=+7.98Kcal/モル
吸熱反応
−114.20+0.00−94.00→−26.40−64.00−22.00
ΔHr=−114.20−94.00=−208.20
ΔHp=−2(112.40)=−224.8
ΔHR25℃=−224.8+208.20=−16.60Kcal/モル
CPr=+17.54+14.0+10.77=+42.31Cal/モル×℃
CPp=+2(7.21+7.06+6.94)=+42.4Cal/モル×℃
ΔCP=(42.42−42.31)×800=+0.00Kcal/モル
ΔHR800℃=−16.60Kcal/モル
発熱反応
−113.00+0.00−94.00→−26.40−64.00−22.00
ΔHr=−113.00−94.00=−207.00
ΔHp=−2(26.40)−2(64.00)−22=−202.8
ΔHR25℃=−202.8+207.20=+4.20Kcal/モル
CPr=+13.28+10.77+7.0=+31.05Cal/モル×℃
CPp=+2(7.21)+2(6.94)+7.06=+35.36Cal/モル×℃
ΔCP=35.36−31.05=4.31×800=3,438.00Cal/モル
ΔCP=3,438.00Cal/モル/1000=3.44Kcal/モル
ΔHR800℃=+4.20+3.45=+7.65Kcal/モル
吸熱反応
−206.70+0.00−94.00→−26.40−64.00
ΔHr=−(206.70+188.00)=−394.70
ΔHp=−4(90.40)−2(64.00)=−361.60
ΔHR25℃=−361.60+394.70=+33.00Kcal/モル
CPr=−(34.57+21.54+7.0)=−63.11Cal/モル×℃
CPp=+4(7.21)+4(6.94)=+56.60Cal/モル×℃
ΔCP=−63.11−+56.60=−6.51×800=−5,208.00Kcal/モル
ΔCP=−5,208.00/1000=−5.21Kcal/モル
ΔHR800℃=+33.00−5.20=27.80Kcal/モル
吸熱反応
Claims (19)
- 無水ハロゲン化水素および二酸化炭素の合成のための方法において:
1つ以上の有機ハロゲン化物を、無水水素および無水二酸化炭素と反応させて、無水一酸化炭素および1つ以上の無水ハロゲン化水素を生成する工程と;
前記無水一酸化炭素を水と反応させて、水素および二酸化炭素を生成する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、無水一酸化炭素を水と反応させる工程が、第1の反応器中で行われ、前記有機ハロゲン化物を無水水素および無水二酸化炭素と反応させる工程が、第2の反応器中で行われることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記1つ以上の有機ハロゲン化物を無水水素および無水二酸化炭素と反応させる工程が、酸素分子を含まない環境中で、唯一の酸化剤として無水二酸化炭素を用いて行われることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記1つ以上の有機ハロゲン化物と、無水水素および無水二酸化炭素との前記反応のために触媒を使用する工程と;
前記無水一酸化炭素を水と反応させる前に、前記無水一酸化炭素を加湿器に通して流すことによって、水を前記無水一酸化炭素に加える工程と;
前記無水一酸化炭素および水の前記反応のために触媒を使用する工程と
をさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記無水一酸化炭素および水の前記反応から生成される前記水素および二酸化炭素を、乾燥器に通して流して、無水水素および無水二酸化炭素を得る工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項5に記載の方法において、前記乾燥器からの前記無水水素および無水二酸化炭素を、1つ以上の有機ハロゲン化物を無水水素および無水二酸化炭素と反応させる前記工程の際の反応剤として使用して、無水一酸化炭素および1つ以上の無水ハロゲン化水素を生成する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項5に記載の方法において、前記無水水素を、前記無水二酸化炭素から分離する工程と、前記分離された無水水素を、拡散器に通して流して、純粋な水素を生成する工程とをさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項7に記載の方法において、無水二酸化炭素からの無水水素の前記分離が、収集器ユニットを用いて行われることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項8に記載の方法において、1つ以上の有機ハロゲン化物を無水水素および無水二酸化炭素と反応させる前記工程のために、前記拡散器からの前記無水水素を、前記収集器ユニットからの前記無水二酸化炭素および前記1つ以上の有機ハロゲン化物と接触させて、無水一酸化炭素および1つ以上の無水ハロゲン化水素を生成する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、水を無水一酸化炭素と反応させることから生成される前記水素を、拡散器膜を通して流す工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項10に記載の方法において、前記無水一酸化炭素を水と反応させるとき、前記拡散器膜を通って流れない前記水素を、前記無水一酸化炭素および水と接触させて、水素および二酸化炭素を生成する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記無水一酸化炭素を水と反応させて、水素および二酸化炭素を生成する工程が、300℃〜1000℃の温度範囲および1〜30気圧の圧力範囲で行われることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、二酸化炭素が収集される第1の収集器ユニットを用いて、前記水素および二酸化炭素を分離する工程と;
一連の第2の収集器ユニットを用いて、前記無水ハロゲン化水素を分離する工程であって、前記一連の第2の収集器ユニットが、1つ以上の収集器ユニットを含み、各収集器ユニットが1つのタイプのハロゲン化水素を収集するのに使用される工程と
をさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項13に記載の方法において、前記水素を前記二酸化炭素から分離する前に、前記水素および二酸化炭素を、乾燥器に通して流して、無水水素および無水二酸化炭素を生成する工程と;
前記無水水素を前記無水二酸化炭素から分離した後、前記無水水素を、微量の他の不純物とともに、水素拡散器へと流す工程と
をさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項13に記載の方法において、前記1つ以上の無水ハロゲン化水素が、無水フッ化水素、無水臭化水素、および無水塩化水素のうちの1つ以上を含み;
前記一連の第2の収集器ユニットが、前記1つ以上の無水ハロゲン化水素中に含まれる無水ハロゲン化水素の各タイプのための収集器ユニットを含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記1つ以上の無水ハロゲン化水素を、苛性アルカリ溶液に通して流すことによって、前記1つ以上の無水ハロゲン化水素を中和する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、第1の熱触媒反応器管および第2の熱触媒反応器管を含む二重反応器ユニット中で両方の反応工程を行う工程であって、前記無水一酸化炭素が、前記第2の熱触媒反応器管中で生成され、前記二酸化炭素および水素が、前記第1の熱触媒反応器管中で生成される工程と;
前記第2の熱触媒反応器管中で生成される前記無水一酸化炭素を、前記二酸化炭素および水素の前記生成のための反応剤として、前記第1の熱触媒反応器管へと再循環させる工程と;
前記第1の熱触媒反応器管からの前記二酸化炭素および水素の少なくとも一部を、前記1つ以上の有機ハロゲン化物と反応させるために前記第2の熱触媒反応器管へと再循環する工程と
をさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 有害な環境排出物を伴わない、有機ハロゲン化物流体の処理および/または分解のための方法において:
反応器B中で、1つ以上の有機ハロゲン化物、無水水素、および無水二酸化炭素を反応させて、一酸化炭素および1つ以上の無水ハロゲン化水素を生成する工程と;
前記無水ハロゲン化水素の少なくとも一部を収集する工程と;
前記一酸化炭素を反応器Aへと流す工程と;
反応器A中の前記一酸化炭素を水と反応させて、水素および二酸化炭素を生成する工程と;
前記水素および二酸化炭素から前記水を除去して、無水水素および無水二酸化炭素を生成する工程と;
前記無水水素および無水二酸化炭素を反応器Bへと再循環させる工程と
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項18に記載の方法において、前記無水二酸化炭素を前記第1の反応器へと再循環させる前に、前記無水二酸化炭素の少なくとも一部を収集する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。
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US13/100,951 US8128902B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2011-05-04 | Method for the synthesis of anhydrous hydrogen halide and anhydrous carbon dioxide |
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HK1187592A1 (en) | 2014-04-11 |
MX2013010883A (es) | 2014-08-01 |
RU2530357C1 (ru) | 2014-10-10 |
CN103459305A (zh) | 2013-12-18 |
US8128902B2 (en) | 2012-03-06 |
KR20140010407A (ko) | 2014-01-24 |
JP2014516902A (ja) | 2014-07-17 |
CA2831275A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
CA2831275C (en) | 2014-10-14 |
ZA201307197B (en) | 2014-12-23 |
EP2697163A1 (en) | 2014-02-19 |
CN103459305B (zh) | 2015-05-27 |
KR101563071B1 (ko) | 2015-10-23 |
WO2012141918A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
AU2012243160B2 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
EP2697163A4 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
US20110212017A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
BR112013024209A2 (pt) | 2016-12-20 |
AU2012243160A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
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