JP5599136B2 - 血管の発達を調節するための、egfl7アンタゴニストを含む組成物 - Google Patents
血管の発達を調節するための、egfl7アンタゴニストを含む組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
仮出願ではない本出願は、米国特許法施行規則第1.53条の下で出願され、2004年4月14日に出願された、米国特許仮出願第60/562,054号についての米国特許法第119条第(e)項に則る利益を主張する。
本発明は、一般的には、血管発達をモジュレートするのに有用な組成物および方法に関する。より詳しくは、本発明は、新規な内皮細胞由来分泌因子であるEGF様ドメイン7(EGFL7)に関する。本発明は、さらに、血管新生と関連する状態および疾患の診断および処置に関する。
血管供給の発達(development)は、多くの生理学的および病理学的プロセスの基本要件である。胚および腫瘍などの活発に成長する組織は、充分な血液の供給を必要とする。これらは、プロ(pro−)血管新生因子(これは、血管新生と呼ばれるプロセスにより新しい血管の形成を促進する)を産生することにより、この必要性を満たす。血管の形成は複雑であるが、秩序ある生物学的事象であり、以下の工程:a)内皮細胞(EC)が既存のECから増殖するか、または前駆細胞から分化する;b)ECが、遊走および合着して髄(cord)様構造を形成する;c)血管髄は、次いで、管形成を受け、中央に内腔を伴う脈管を形成する d)既存の髄または脈管は、外側に送られて出芽し(send out sprouts)、二次性脈管を形成する;e)始原性の管叢は、さらなるリモデリング(remodeling)および再形態形成(reshaping)を受ける;ならびにf)内皮周囲細胞が、漸増し、内皮管に入り(encase)、維持およびモジュレーター機能を脈管に提供する;(かかる細胞としては、小さな毛管の周皮細胞、大きな脈管の平滑筋細胞、および心臓内の心筋細胞が挙げられる)のすべてまたは多くを伴う。非特許文献1;非特許文献2;非特許文献3。
本発明は、新規なEC由来分泌因子であるEGF様ドメイン7(EGFL7)の同定およびキャラクタリゼーションに基づくものである。EGFL7は、高レベルで、組織増殖に付随する脈管構造内で発現され、正常な成体組織内の成熟脈管のほとんどにおいて下方調節される。EGFL7機能の低下は、動物胚においてかなりの脈管欠陥を引き起こし、腫瘍成長を低減させた。その構造、発現および活性に基づき、EGFL7は、新規なECM分子とみなされる。さらにまた、EGFL7は、ECの接着および遊走を支持することがわかっており、腫瘍血管新生において血管新生因子に支持的役割を果たすことに関与している。他方で、EGFL7アンタゴニストは、EGFL7関連EC接着および遊走を有効に遮断することがわかった。したがって、本発明は、血管新生に関与するプロセスをモジュレートする(例えば、促進または抑制する)ための新規な組成物およびその使用を提供する。
(a)EGFL7アンタゴニストを含む主題の組成物;
(b)前記組成物を収容する容器;および
(c)前記容器に付けられたラベル、または前記容器内に含まれる血管新生関連障害の処置における前記EGFL7アンタゴニストの使用を示す添付文書
を含む製造品であって、該アンタゴニストが、EGFL7に結合し、その活性をブロックする抗体であり得る製造品を提供する。該組成物は、治療有効量のEGFL7アンタゴニストを含み得る。
(a)細胞とスクリーニング対象の試験化合物を、EGFL7ポリペプチドの存在下、EGFL7ポリペプチドによって通常誘導される細胞応答の誘導に適した条件下で接触させる工程;および
(b)前記細胞応答の誘導を判定し、試験化合物が有効なアンタゴニストであるか否かを判定する工程
を含む。
(a)細胞とスクリーニング対象の試験化合物を、EGFL7ポリペプチドの存在下、EGFL7ポリペプチドによる細胞増殖の刺激に適した条件下で接触させる工程;および
(b)該細胞の増殖を測定し、試験化合物が有効なアンタゴニストであるか否かを判定する工程
を含む。
定義
特に記載のない限り、本明細書において用いる科学技術用語は、本発明が属する技術分野の当業者によって一般に理解されているものと同じ意味を有する。例えば、Singletonら,Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology 第2版,J.Wiley&Sons(New York,NY 1994);Sambrookら,Molecular Cloning,A Laboratory Manual,Cold Springs Harbor Press(Cold Springs Harbor,NY 1989)を参照のこと。本発明の目的のため、以下の用語を以下に規定する。
(EGFL7)
EGFL7遺伝子は、進化の過程で保存された約30kDのECM関連(associated)分泌タンパク質をコードする。ヒト(ホモサピエンス)アミノ酸配列(配列番号:1)は、それぞれ、マウス(ハツカネズミ;配列番号:2)、カエル(アフリカツメガエル;配列番号:3)およびゼブラフィッシュ(Danio rerio;配列番号:4)のものと約77%、47%および43%相同性を共有する。EGFL7タンパク質は、シグナル配列、EMIドメインをN末端に(EMIドメインは、細胞接着の調節に関与するいくつかの細胞外マトリックス関連(associated)タンパク質内に存在する)、その後に2つのEGF様ドメインと、ロイシンおよびバリン高含有C末端領域を含有する。
本発明はまた、EGFL7(アゴニスト)の1種類以上の生物学的活性を模倣もしくは増強するもの;またはEGFL7(アンタゴニスト)の効果を阻害もしくは低減するものを同定するための化合物のスクリーニング方法を包含する。EGFL7アゴニストおよびアンタゴニストはまた、EGFL7モジュレーターともいう。アンタゴニスト薬物候補のスクリーニングアッセイは、EGFL7ポリペプチドと結合または複合体化するか、あるいは他の細胞のタンパク質とのEGFL7の相互作用を妨害する化合物が同定されるように設計する。
低分子は、EGFL7アゴニストまたはアンタゴニストとして作用し、したがって、治療上有用となり得る能力を有し得る。かかる低分子には、天然に存在する低分子,合成有機系または無機系化合物およびペプチドが含まれ得る。しかしながら、本発明における低分子は、これらの形態に限定されない。低分子の広範なライブラリーが市販されており、このような分子を所望の活性についてスクリーニングするための多種多様なアッセイが当該技術分野でよく知られている。
タンパク質−タンパク質相互作用を検出するのに適した任意の方法が、タンパク質または他の分子を同定するのに使用され得、限定されないが、EGFL7と相互作用する膜貫通タンパク質または細胞内タンパク質が挙げられる。使用され得る伝統的な方法には、EGFL7と相互作用するタンパク質を同定するための免疫共沈降、架橋および勾配またはクロマトグラフィーカラムによる同時精製がある。かかるアッセイでは、EGFL7成分は、完全長タンパク質、その可溶性誘導体、目的のドメインに対応するペプチド、またはEGFL7のいくつかの領域を含有する融合タンパク質であり得る。
下記のアッセイは、身体内において、EGFL7と相互作用(例えば、結合)する化合物、EGFL7のその結合パートナー、コグネート(cognate)もしくはレセプターとの相互作用を妨害する化合物、およびEGFL7遺伝子発現活性をモジュレートする(すなわち、EGFL7遺伝子発現のレベルをモジュレートする)またはEGFL7のレベルをモジュレートする化合物を同定するために設計されたものである。EGFL7遺伝子調節配列(例えば、プロモーター配列)と結合し、その結果、EGFL7遺伝子発現をモジュレートし得る化合物を同定するアッセイをさらに利用してもよい。例えば、Platt,K.A.,J.Biol.Chem.269:28558−28562(1994)(これは、引用によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる)を参照のこと。
EGFL7と相互作用(例えば、これに結合する)か模倣する能力を有するか、またはコグネートレセプター、結合パートナーまたは基質へのEGFL7の結合を妨害する能力を有する化合物を同定するための系が設計され得る。同定された化合物は、例えば、野生型および/または変異EGFL7遺伝子産物の活性をモジュレートするのに有用であり得る;EGFL7の生物学的機能の詳述(elaborating)に有用であり得る;正常なEGFL7相互作用を破壊する化合物の同定のためのスクリーニングに用いられ得る;またはそれ自体がかかる相互作用を破壊または活性化し得る。
EGFL7と相互作用する巨大分子を、本記述の目的のため、「結合パートナー」とよぶ。このような結合パートナーは、EGFL7媒介性生物学的経路に関与している可能性がある。したがって、かかる結合パートナーの相互作用を妨害または破壊する化合物を同定することが望ましく、身体内におけるEGFL7活性の調節または増大、および/あるいはこの活性(またはその不足)と関連する障害の制御に、有用であり得る。
(心臓血管の活性、内皮の活性および脈管形成活性のアッセイ)
種々のアッセイを用い、本発明のポリペプチドを心臓血管の活性、内皮の活性および血管新生の活性について試験し得る。かかるアッセイとしては、以下の実施例に示すものが挙げられる。
本発明における心臓血管のアッセイ結果、内皮のアッセイ結果、および血管新生のアッセイ結果は、さらなる試験により、例えば、種々のヒト組織におけるmRNA発現を測定することにより確認し得る。
心臓血管の試験結果、内皮の試験結果、および血管新生の試験結果は、抗EGFL7抗体が、心臓血管のアッセイ、内皮のアッセイ、および血管新生のアッセイにおいて使用した内皮細胞または他の細胞に対するEGFL7の効果を阻害する能力を試験する抗体結合試験によってさらに確認し得る。例示的な抗体としては、ポリクローナル、モノクローナル、ヒト化、二重特異性およびヘテロコンジュゲート(heteroconjugate)抗体が挙げられ、その調製は、本明細書において以下に記載する。
心臓血管の障害、内皮の障害、および血管新生の障害(例えば、腫瘍など)の細胞系アッセイおよび動物モデルを用い、本発明における心臓血管の、内皮の、および血管新生のアッセイの所見を確認し、さらに、本発明において同定される遺伝子と、望ましくない心臓血管の細胞成長、内皮の細胞成長、および血管新生の細胞成長の発生および病原との関係を理解することができる。望ましくない心臓血管の細胞成長、内皮の細胞成長、および血管新生の細胞成長(例えば、腫瘍細胞)の発生および病態における、本発明において同定される遺伝子産物の役割は、本発明におけるEGFL7によって刺激または阻害されると確認された細胞または細胞株を用いることにより試験され得る。かかる細胞としては、例えば、以下の実施例に示したものが挙げられる。
本発明はまた、EGFL7をコードする遺伝子の診断薬としての使用に関する。変異形態のEGFL7の検出は、心臓血管の疾患、内皮の疾患、および血管新生の疾患、ならびに心臓血管の疾患、内皮の疾患、および血管新生の疾患(例えば、腫瘍など)に対する感受性の診断を可能にする。
より慣用的なゲル電気泳動およびDNAシーケンシングに加え、突然変異はまた、インサイチュ解析によっても検出され得る。
本発明の配列はまた、染色体の同定にも重要である。該配列は、個々のヒト染色体上の特定の位置に特異的に標的化され、これとハイブリダイズし得る。さらに、現在、染色体上の特定の部位を同定する必要性がある。実際の配列データ(反復性の多型)に基づいて染色体をマーク付け(marking)する試薬で、現在、染色体上の位置をマーク付けするのに利用可能なものはほとんどない。本発明による染色体へのDNAのマッピングは、これらの配列を疾患に関連する遺伝子と相関させるのに重要な第一段階である。
本発明は、EGFL7を模倣するもの(アゴニスト)、またはEGFL7の効果を抑制するもの(アンタゴニスト)を同定するための化合物のスクリーニング方法を包含する。アンタゴニスト薬物候補のスクリーニングアッセイは、EGFL7と結合もしくは複合体形成する化合物、あるいはまた、コードされたポリペプチドと他の細胞のタンパク質との相互作用を妨害する化合物が同定されるように設計される。かかるスクリーニングアッセイとしては、化合物ライブラリーのハイスループットスクリーニングに従順なアッセイが挙げられ、低分子薬物候補の同定に特に好適である。
本明細書に記載の心臓血管のアッセイ、血管新生のアッセイ、および内皮のアッセイにおいて活性を有するEGFL7またはこれに対するアゴニストは、様々な心臓血管の障害、内皮の障害、および血管新生の障害(真性糖尿病などの、血管に障害を与える全身性障害を含む)において治療用途を有する可能性がある。その治療的有用性としては、動脈、毛細血管、静脈および/またはリンパ管の疾患が挙げられ得る。本記載に従った処置の例としては、筋肉疲労疾患の処置、骨粗鬆症の処置、インプラント周囲での細胞の成長を刺激し、したがってその目的部位への生着を促進するためのインプラント固定の補助、組織または血清中におけるIGF安定性の増大、および適用可能であれば、IGFレセプターへの結合の増大(IGFは、ヒト骨髄の赤芽球および顆粒球前駆細胞成長を増強することがインビトロで示されているため)が挙げられる。
本明細書に記載の分子ならびにそれに対するアゴニストおよびアンタゴニストは、上記の種々の障害および疾患の予防剤または治療剤として、薬学的に有用である。
EGFL7ポリペプチドまたはそれに対するアゴニストもしくはアンタゴニスト;
pHを、溶液中でのポリペプチドまたは他の分子の安定性が最大である範囲、好ましくは約4〜8に維持する能力を有するバッファー;
主に、ポリペプチドまたは分子を攪拌誘導型凝集に対して安定化させるためのデタージェント/界面活性剤;
等張剤(isotonifier);
フェノール、ベンジルアルコールおよびハロゲン化ベンゼトニウム(例えば、塩化物)の群より選択される保存剤;および
水
を含有し得る。
対象の障害の予防または処置におけるEGFL7またはそのアゴニストもしくはアンタゴニストの有効性は、該活性剤を連続的に、またはこのような目的に有効な別の薬剤との組み合わせで同じ組成物にて、または別個の組成物としてのいずれかで投与することにより改善され得る。
上記の障害の診断または処置に有用なEGFL7またはそのアゴニストまたはアンタゴニストを含むキットなどの製造品は、少なくとも容器およびラベルを含む。好適な容器としては、例えば、ボトル、バイアル、シリンジおよび試験管が挙げられる。容器は、ガラスまたはプラスチックなどの様々な材料で形成され得る。容器は、該状態の診断または処置に有効な組成物を保持し、滅菌された投与口有し得る(例えば、容器は、皮下注射用注射針による穿刺が可能なストッパーを有する静脈内溶液バッグまたはバイアルであり得る)。組成物中の活性剤は、EGFL7またはそれに対するアゴニストもしくはアンタゴニストである。容器上、またはこれに付随するラベルは、該組成物を、選択肢の状態の診断または処置に使用するよう指示するものである。製造品は、薬学的に許容され得るバッファー(例えば、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水、リンゲル溶液およびデキストロース溶液など)を含む第2の容器をさらに備えていてもよい。これは、市販品としておよびユーザーの観点から望ましい他の物質(他のバッファー、希釈剤、フィルター、針、シリンジが挙げられる)ならびに添付文書(使用のための使用説明書とともに)をさらに含み得る。製造品はまた、上記のような別の活性剤を有する第2または第3の容器を備えていてもよい。
(EGFL7抗体)
本発明による最も有望な薬物候補の一部のものは、本発明において同定される遺伝子の遺伝子産物の産生を阻害および/または遺伝子産物の活性を低下させ得る抗体および抗体断片である。
ポリクローナル抗体の調製方法は、当業者に知られている。ポリクローナル抗体は、哺乳動物において、例えば、免疫剤および所望によりアジュバントの1回以上の注射によって生成させ得る。典型的には、免疫剤および/またはアジュバントは、哺乳動物に、複数回の皮下または腹腔内注射によって注射される。免疫剤は、EGFL7ポリペプチドまたはその融合タンパク質を含み得る。免疫剤を、免疫処置される哺乳動物において免疫原性であることがわかっているタンパク質とコンジュゲートさせることは、有用であり得る。かかる免疫原性タンパク質の例としては、限定されないが、スカシガイヘモシアニン、血清アルブミン、ウシサイログロブリン、および大豆トリプシンインヒビターが挙げられる。使用され得るアジュバントの例としては、完全フロイントアジュバントおよびMPL−TDMアジュバント(モノホスホリル脂質Aまたは合成トレハロースジコリノミコレートdicorynomycolate)。免疫処置プロトコルは、当業者によって、過度に実験することなく選択され得る。
あるいはまた、抗EGFL7抗体は、モノクローナル抗体であり得る。モノクローナル抗体は、ハイブリドーマ法(例えば、KohlerおよびMilstein,Nature 256:495(1975)に記載のものなど)を用いて調製され得る。ハイブリドーマ法では、典型的には、マウス、ハムスターまたは他の適切な宿主動物を免疫剤で免疫処置し、該免疫剤に特異的に結合する抗体を産生させるか、または産生能力を有するリンパ球を誘発する。あるいはまた、リンパ球をインビトロで免疫処置してもよい。
抗EGFL7抗体は、さらに、ヒト化抗体またはヒト抗体を含み得る。非ヒト(例えば、マウス)抗体のヒト化形態は、非ヒト免疫グロブリン由来の最小限の配列を含有する、キメラ免疫グロブリン、免疫グロブリン鎖、またはその断片(Fv、Fab、Fab’、F(ab’)2または抗体他の抗原結合サブ配列など)である。ヒト化抗体としては、ヒト免疫グロブリン(レシピエント抗体)であって、該レシピエントのCDR由来の残基が、所望の特異性、親和性および許容性を有する非ヒト種(ドナー抗体)(例えば、マウス、ラットまたはウサギなど)のCDR由来の残基で置き換えられたものが挙げられる。ある場合においては、ヒト免疫グロブリンのFvフレームワーク残基が対応する非ヒト残基で置き換えられたものである。ヒト化抗体はまた、レシピエント抗体にも取り込まれたCDRまたはフレームワーク配列にも見られない残基を含み得る。一般に、ヒト化抗体は、少なくとも1つの、典型的には2つの可変ドメインの実質的にすべてを含み、ここで、CDR領域のすべてまたは実質的にすべてが、非ヒト免疫グロブリンのものに対応し、FR領域のすべてまたは実質的にすべてが、ヒト免疫グロブリンコンセンサス配列のものである。ヒト化抗体はまた、好ましくは、免疫グロブリン定常領域(Fc)の少なくとも一部分、典型的には、ヒト免疫グロブリンのものを含む。Jonesら,Nature 321:522−525(1986);Riechmannら,Nature 332:323−329(1988);Presta,Curr.Op.Struct.Biol.2:593−596(1992)。
二重特異性抗体は、モノクローナルで、好ましくはヒトまたはヒト化された抗体であって、少なくとも2つの異なる抗原に対する結合特異性を有するものである。本発明の場合、結合特異性の一方は、EGFL7ポリペプチドに対するものであり、他方は、任意の他の抗原、好ましくは細胞表面タンパク質またはレセプターまたはレセプターサブユニットに対するものである。
ヘテロコンジュゲート抗体は、2種類の共有結合した抗体から構成される。かかる抗体は、例えば、免疫系細胞を不必要な細胞に標的化させること(米国特許第4,676,980号)、およびHIV感染の処置用であることが提案されている。WO 91/00360;WO 92/200373;EP03089。該抗体は、インビトロで、公知の方法を用いて合成タンパク質化学(架橋剤を伴うものを含む)において調製され得ることが考えられる。例えば、イムノトキシンを、ジスルフィド交換反応を用いて、またはチオエーテル結合を形成することにより構築し得る。この目的に適した試薬の例としては、イミノチオレート(iminothiolate)およびメチル−4−メルカプトブチルイミデートならびに例えば、米国特許第4,676,980号に開示されたものが挙げられる。
本発明はまた、細胞傷害剤、例えば化学療法剤、毒素(例えば、細菌、真菌、植物もしくは動物が起源の酵素的に活性な毒素、またはその断片)、または放射性同位体(すなわち、ラジオコンジュゲート(radioconjugate))などとコンジュゲートさせた抗体を含む、イムノコンジュゲートに関する。
本明細書に開示した抗体はまた、イムノリポソームとして製剤化され得る。該抗体を含有するリポソームは、当該技術分野で知られた方法、例えば、Epsteinら,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 82:3688(1985);Hwangら,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 77:4030(1980);および米国特許第4,485,045号および同第4,544,545号に記載された方法などによって調製される。循環時間を向上させたリポソームが、米国特許第5,013,556号に開示されている。
本発明において同定されるEGFL7ポリペプチドに特異的に結合する抗体、ならびに本明細書において先に開示したスクリーニングアッセイによって同定される他の分子は、上記および下記の種々の障害の処置のために医薬組成物の形態で投与され得る。
EGFL7ポリペプチドに対する抗体は、上記の状態と関連する種々の血管新生を処置するために使用され得ることが予想される。
抗体を有する容器およびラベルを含む製造品もまた提供される。かかる物品は、先に記載しており、活性剤は抗EGFL7抗体である。
抗体が使用される適応症が癌である場合、ある種の腫瘍で過剰発現される細胞表面タンパク質(例えば、成長レセプター)が薬物候補または腫瘍(例えば、癌)処置の優れた標的となるが、同タンパク質とともにEGFL7ポリペプチドに、腫瘍の診断および予後におけるさらなる用途が見出された。例えば、EGFL7ポリペプチドに対して指向される抗体は、腫瘍診断薬または予後診断薬として使用され得る。
EGFL7を、新規なヒト分泌膜貫通タンパク質、特に、血管発達の調節に関与するものを見出すための試行において確認およびクローニングした。ヒトEGFL7のクローニングおよび発現の詳細は、例えば、特許出願US20030224984 Al(EGFL7をPRO1449で識別)に記載されている。簡単には、全固定インサイチュハイブリダイゼーションスクリーニングを行ない、マウス胚脈管構造内に富化される分泌因子およびレセプターを同定した。シグナル配列の予測および細胞外ドメイン相同性検索により、推定分泌因子およびレセプターを表す数百のヒトおよびマウスcDNAを同定し、収集した。マウスcDNAを鋳型として用いてリボプローブを作製し、インサイチュハイブリダイゼーションをE7.5〜E14.5の範囲の全マウス胚において行った。この発生期の時間枠は、脈管形成および血管新生における多くの重要な段階を含むため、選択した。このスクリーニングで同定された多くの遺伝子のうち、EGFL7は、活発に成長している血管の内皮において特有に発現される。下記の発現の詳細を参照のこと。
EGFL7の発現パターンを解明するため、全固定インサイチュハイブリダイゼーション、免疫蛍光染色法および放射性インサイチュハイブリダイゼーションを、マウスおよびゼブラフィッシュ胚ならびにマウスおよびヒト組織切片において行った。
マウス胚を、妊娠期のCD−1マウスから採取した。TUebingen long fin(TL)野生型ゼブラフィッシュ系統約30hpf cloche(clom39)ホモ接合変異胚およびその野生型同胞を、本明細書において以下に記載する発現および活性試験で使用した。成体ゼブラフィッシュおよび胚は、既報のとおりに維持した(Westerfield 1993 Zebrafish Book)。
組織をインサイチュハイブリダイゼーション用に、既報の方法によって加工した。Phillipsら(1990)Science 250:290−4。33P−UTP−標識RNAプローブを、既報のとおりに作製した。Meltonら(1984)Nucleic Acids Research 12:7035−56。EGFL7センスおよびアンチセンスプローブを、それぞれ、ヌクレオチド382〜1062、−137〜150および173〜774に対応する2つのヒトcDNAおよび1つのマウスcDNAから合成した(開始コドン内のヌクレオチドAをヌクレオチド#1とカウントする)。
全固定インサイチュハイブリダイゼーションは、若干の修正を伴って既報のとおりに行った。Shimamuraら Development 120:2225−2234(1994)。染色した胚を、写真撮影のため、ベンジルアルコール/安息香酸ベンジルの2:1混合物中で洗浄した。センスおよびアンチセンスリボプローブを、以下の鋳型:マウスEGFL7部分cDNAクローン(IMAGEクローン519249、Genbank受託:AA107358);ヌクレオチド169〜807に対応するゼブラフィッシュEGFL7部分cDNAクローンを用いて作製した;他のすべての分子マーカーは、Fishman(MGH)、Stainier(UCSF)およびWeinstein(NIH)labs製であった。全固定インサイチュハイブリダイゼーション解析後、胚を、4%パラホルムアルデヒド(PFA)含有1×PBS中に再固定し、エタノール列により脱水し、JB−4Plusプラスチック(Polysciences)内に包埋した。5μm切片を0.2%ヌクレアーファーストレッドで対比染色し、Cytomount 60内に配置した。
48hpf全固定ゼブラフィッシュ胚における内在性アルカリホスファターゼ活性を、既報のとおりに検出した。Childsら Development 129:973−982(2002)。
胚を、一晩、4℃で4%PFA中に固定し、20%スクロース/PBS中で凍結防止し、7.5%ゼラチン/15%スクロース中でスナップ凍結し、細分した。スライドを風乾し、1×PBS/0.1%Triton X−100/1%DMSO中で透過させ、20分間、上記の溶液+1%BSA中でブロックし、66 nM ALEXA Fluor594−ファロイジン(Molecular Probes)にて20分間で染色し、洗浄し、Vectashield DAPI(Vector labs.)にマウントし、Deltavision Deconvolution Microscope(60×油浸対物レンズ)を用いて解析した。
アルメニアンハムスターを、大腸菌内で発現された組換えマウスEGFL7タンパク質にて免疫処置した。モノクローナル抗体を、ハイブリドーマ融合およびサブクローニングによって作製した。異なるエピトープを認識する2種類のモノクローナル抗体1C8および5H7を免疫蛍光染色法に使用した。マウス組織をスナップ凍結し、凍結切片を作製した。固定細胞または5μm非固定組織切片を、既報のとおりに染色した。Parkerら Methods in Cell Biology 59:313−36(1999)。この試験で用いた抗体は、抗ZO−1 mab(Zymed Inc.カタログ番号33−9100);抗GFP(Torrey Pines Biolabs、カタログ番号TP401);抗ビンクリンmab(Sigma)である。
EGFL7の発現パターンもまた、種間で進化において保存されている。マウス、ヒトおよびゼブラフィッシュ胚では、高レベルのEGFL7転写物が、すべて血管の内皮前駆細胞およびEC(図2a、2b、2g、2j〜2m)、ならびに心内膜において検出された。脈管での強い発現が、胚および新生児の発達の間、持続した。しかしながら、該メッセージ(message)は、多くの成体臓器で検出され得なかった(図2h)。成体マウスでは、わずかに高度に脈管形成された臓器、例えば、肺、心臓および腎臓が、脈管の小サブセットにおいてEGFL7の発現を継続した。興味深いことに、EGFL7発現は、多くの増殖性組織、例えば、腫瘍(図2i)、妊娠中の生殖器官(図2c)および炎症組織において強く情報調節された。さらに、強いEGFL7発現は、ヒト疾患一次組織、例えば、限定されないが、肺腺癌および扁平上皮癌、腎臓細胞癌腫、前立腺癌腫、卵巣癌腫、肝臓癌腫、胃癌腫、軟骨肉腫、骨肉腫、疾患のある眼および炎症部位由来の血管新生膜において見られた。
(A. EGFL7ノックダウンゼブラフィッシュにおける脈管の血管)
最近の報告において、組換えEGFL7タンパク質を含有する馴化培地が、平滑筋細胞(SMC)遊走をインビトロで阻害することが示されている。Soncinら EMBO J.22:5700−5711(2003)。しかしながら、そのインビボ機能は明確になっていない。インビボでのEGFL7の生物学的機能を明らかにするため、モデル生物ゼブラフィッシュを、脈管形成および血管新生を試験するためのツールとしての入手し易いこと、および胚において遺伝子発現を操作し易いことから使用した。Fishmanら Circulation Research 74:757−63(1994);Weinsteinら Cardiovascular Research 31:E17−24(1996);Dooleyら Current Opinion in Genetics&Development 10:252−6(2000);Nasevicius&Ekker Nature Genetics 26:216−20(2000)。さらにまた、Egfl8は、マウス胚の血管および末梢神経のサブセットにおいて発現され、EGFL7の潜在的重複因子となっていることがわかった。他方で、Egfl8オルソログは、ゼブラフィッシュおよびいくつかの他の魚類ゲノムでは見られなかった。したがって、ゼブラフィッシュは、この遺伝子ファミリーの生物学的機能を規定する特有のツールを提供する。
CON(−47):ACGACGGTCACGATGAA TGGAGAGT(配列番号10);および
CON(195):CATTGTTCATCGTCTTGTTGCGTGT(配列番号11)
である。
哺乳動物におけるEGFL7の機能をさらに解明するため、mEGFL7ノックアウト(KO)マウスを作製し、腫瘍インプラントの宿主動物として使用した。KOマウスは、最初は、129/BL6を元に作製し、BL6に戻し交配した。本実験で使用した動物は、3〜4世代戻し交配したものであった。
実施例3に示すようにEC分離が行なわれないことは、ECの移動または接着のいずれかが、EGFL7 KDにおいて適正に調節されていないことを示す。インビトロでの内皮細胞の遊走および接着アッセイを行ない、これらの2つの可能性の区別を行なった。
Claims (8)
- 被験体において内皮細胞の数を維持しつつ内皮細胞接着を妨害するための組成物であって、該組成物は、EGFL7誘導性内皮細胞接着を妨害する能力を有するEGFL7アンタゴニストを含み、該EGFL7アンタゴニストは抗体である、組成物。
- 前記内皮細胞がヒト内皮細胞である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記内皮細胞が血管内皮細胞である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が管形成を抑制する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 内皮細胞の数を維持しつつ内皮細胞接着をインビトロで妨害する方法であって、該方法は、該細胞を、EGFL7アンタゴニストと接触させる工程を包含し、該EGFL7アンタゴニストは抗体である、方法。
- 前記内皮細胞がヒト内皮細胞である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記内皮細胞が血管内皮細胞である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記EGFL7アンタゴニストが管形成を抑制する、請求項5に記載の方法。
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Also Published As
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KR101227817B1 (ko) | 2013-01-29 |
US8790646B2 (en) | 2014-07-29 |
AU2005249377A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
CA2563445C (en) | 2016-07-19 |
RU2013146239A (ru) | 2015-04-27 |
MXPA06011851A (es) | 2006-12-14 |
WO2005117968A3 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
EP1734998A2 (en) | 2006-12-27 |
CA2563445A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
CN1997394B (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
US20090297512A1 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
JP2007532685A (ja) | 2007-11-15 |
US20120003208A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 |
NZ550110A (en) | 2009-09-25 |
CN1997394A (zh) | 2007-07-11 |
CN102895663A (zh) | 2013-01-30 |
RU2006140081A (ru) | 2008-05-20 |
ZA200608615B (en) | 2008-05-28 |
WO2005117968A2 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
IL226899A0 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
KR20070029687A (ko) | 2007-03-14 |
RU2009114508A (ru) | 2010-10-27 |
JP2013256535A (ja) | 2013-12-26 |
JP2011241230A (ja) | 2011-12-01 |
BRPI0509420A (pt) | 2007-09-04 |
IL178329A0 (en) | 2007-02-11 |
US20070031437A1 (en) | 2007-02-08 |
RU2365382C2 (ru) | 2009-08-27 |
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