JP5586121B2 - ワイヤーグリッド製造方法及びワイヤーグリッド - Google Patents
ワイヤーグリッド製造方法及びワイヤーグリッド Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3075—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state for use in the UV
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3058—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state comprising electrically conductive elements, e.g. wire grids, conductive particles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/0002—Lithographic processes using patterning methods other than those involving the exposure to radiation, e.g. by stamping
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/7015—Details of optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70216—Mask projection systems
- G03F7/70316—Details of optical elements, e.g. of Bragg reflectors, extreme ultraviolet [EUV] multilayer or bilayer mirrors or diffractive optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70483—Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
- G03F7/7055—Exposure light control in all parts of the microlithographic apparatus, e.g. pulse length control or light interruption
- G03F7/70566—Polarisation control
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
- Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
Description
1.半導体の製造
2.ナノリソグラフィー
3.衛星からのUV放射の測定などの宇宙物理
4.シンクロトロン光の測定装置
本発明の偏光素子は、入射紫外線光に対して透明な基板と、アルミニウムまたはベリリウムを含み、前記基板上に積載されている偏光層と、を具備し、前記偏光層は、異方性のある縞状構造であり、該縞状構造は基板に平行であり、該縞状構造の長手方向は前記入射紫外光の波長の2倍以上、かつ、10μm以下の連続長であり、該縞状構造の横断方向は、縞の間隔が前記入射紫外光の波長の平均で半分以下、かつ、10nm以上であることを特徴とする。
まず、本発明の基本原理について説明する。
これらのワイヤーグリッドは、ブロックコポリマー薄膜をテンプレートとして用いて作成した。本方法では、これまで光や電子線リソグラフィーでできなかった大面積かつ100nm以下の周期パターンを作成することができる。もちろん、将来、光リソグラフィーや電子線リソグラフィーの進歩により、同様の構造が作成されても、偏光素子としての機能は同じである。
また、本発明者らは2層構造の反射層が、偏光効率の向上により効果的でしかも作成しやすいことを見出した。この発明では、光を偏光させるために、2層(もしくは複数層)に配置されたワイヤーグリットを用いている。すなわち、図2に示すように、2層の縞状ワイヤーが互い違い(interdigitated)に配置され(インターディジテイテド構造とも呼ばれる)、しかも接触してない金属細線が、溶融シリカ基板などの上に形成されている。2層のワイヤーグリッドは互いに平行であり、かつ2層間の距離(基板に対して垂直方向)は光の波長より短い。このような構造をとると、1層のワイヤーグリッドの周期に比べ、2層のワイヤーグリッドは周期が半分のワイヤーグリッドとして作用することを見出した。また、上面から見ると開口部がないにも関わらず、光が透過することがわかった。この結果、2層のワイヤーグリッドの偏光特性は、1層だけのものに比べ向上する。
必要に応じて有機ポリマーを透明基板100上に50−150nm厚で塗布をする。これには、アモルファスクオーツ(SiO2)、フッ素ドープのアモルファスクオーツ、溶融シリカ、人口ホタル石などが透明基板としてあげられる。特に200nm以下の波長の短い光(例えば157nm)に関しては、ホタル石やフッ素ドープのアモルファスクオーツが基板として好ましい。有機ポリマー110は、基板をエッチングする際に、マスクパターンのアスペクト比を向上させるために用いる。これを達成するためには、高いドライエッチング耐性と、150℃以上の高いガラス転移温度が必要である。さらに液体の剥離液や超音波、アッシング、酸素プラズマなどにより容易に剥離可能であるが必要である。すなわち、有機物のみでできたポリマーであれば、使うことができる。ポリヒドロキシスチレン、ノボラック樹脂、ポリイミド、シクロオレフィンポリマーや、それらの共重合体が有機ポリマーとして適している。
ポリイミド (Durimide(登録商標) 285, Arch Chemicals, Inc) をガンマブチルラクトンで3重量%に希釈した溶液を、4インチアモルファスクオーツウエハー(旭硝子製:AQ)に1500rpm、45秒で回転塗布を行ったのち、ホットプレート上で100nm thick,90℃で30分間加熱したのち、150℃でさらに加熱し、残留溶媒を蒸発させたのち、ポリマーを架橋反応させた。膜厚では100nmであった。
本実施例では、O2 RIEまでは実施例1と同様のプロセスを行ったのち、10sccm、15mTorr、RFパワーを100W(0.4W/cm2)で50秒間、CF4 RIEを行った。この結果、もとポリスチレンのシリンダーがあったところの下のアモルファスクオーツが、ポリイミドをマスクにして70nmの深さでエッチングされた。
4インチアモルファスクオーツウエハー上にポリヒドロキシスチレン(ALDRICH)をプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(propyleneglycol monomethylether acetate: PGMEA)で3重量%の溶液にしたものを、2000rpmで45秒間回転塗布をおこなった。120℃、90秒間ホットプレート上で加熱し、溶媒を蒸発させた。膜厚は50nmであった。
本実施例では、ナノインプリントを用いた大量生産方法について記述する。理解の助けのために図8を用いて説明を行なうが、詳細については異なっていても良い。
Boric acid: 40g/L;
Interfacial active agent (sodium lauryl sulfate): 0.15g/L;
Liquid temperature: 55℃;
pH: 4.0;
Current density: 20A/dm2.
この結果、メッキ膜8の厚みは0.3mmであった。その後、図8のDに示すように、導電膜6を持つスタンパー8が、メッキ膜8を縞状のポリイミドが付いたウエハーから剥がすことで得られた。
本実施例では、実施例4で作成したスタンパーと同じものを使用した。2インチ角のアモルファスクオーツウエハー上に、g−線用フォトレジスト(東京応化:OFPR−800)をPGMEAで希釈し、ウエハー上に2000rpm、45秒間で回転塗布をおこなった。膜厚は70nmであった。その後、サンプルはナノインプリント装置のステージ上に設置され、室温、圧力200Mpaで1分間プレスをし、ニッケルの縞状パターンをインプリントした。ニッケルスタンパーを取り除いた後、120℃で5分間、ホットプレート上でアニールを行った。
本実施例では実施例3の4インチアモルファスクオーツの代わりに、人工ホタル石(CaF2)ウエハーを用い、他のプロセスは同じでおこなった。
本実施例では実施例4の4インチアモルファスクオーツの代わりに、フッ素ドープの2インチアモルファスクオーツウエハーを用い、他のプロセスは同じでおこなった。
波長193nmについてはUV分光器をもちいて、157nmに関しては真空UV分光器をもちいて、偏光効率について測定を行った。現在、この波長で有効な市販の偏光素子がないため、2枚の偏光素子を、偏光面側を向かい合わせ、直交と平行状態で透過光を測定した。そこから、1枚の偏光素子の透過率と偏光効率を計算した。
193nm 157nm 193nm 157nm
実施例1 60% 40% 80% 40%
実施例2 30% 20% 95% 85%
実施例3 60% 40% 85% 70%
実施例4 30% 20% 95% 85%
実施例5 15% 15% 95% 90%
実施例6 30% 30% 95% 85%
実施例7 60% 40% 95% 85%
なお、本発明は上記実施形態そのままに限定されるものではなく、実施段階ではその要旨を逸脱しない範囲で構成要素を変形して具体化できる。また、上記実施形態に開示されている複数の構成要素の適宜な組み合わせにより、種々の発明を形成できる。例えば、実施形態に示される全構成要素から幾つかの構成要素を削除してもよい。さらに、異なる実施形態にわたる構成要素を適宜組み合わせてもよい。
Claims (5)
- 基板上に有機ポリマー層を形成し、
前記有機ポリマー層の上に無機層を形成し、
前記基板上にブロックコポリマー膜のシリンダー状もしくはラメラ状のミクロドメインを生成し、該基板面に対して平行に配向させ、
前記ミクロドメインのパターンを前記基板または前記ブロックコポリマー膜に転写しワイヤー状の溝を形成し、
金属物質を、前記転写された基板またはブロックコポリマー膜を用いて加工し、
ブロックコポリマーミクロドメインパターンを前記無機層と前記有機ポリマー層に転写し、前記溝を形成することを特徴とするワイヤーグリッド製造方法。 - 前記基板または前記ブロックコポリマー膜を用いて加工する際には、ブロックコポリマー膜、有機ポリマー、もしくは無機層によって得られたマスクを用いてドライエッチングすることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のワイヤーグリッド製造方法。
- 前記基板または前記ブロックコポリマー膜を用いて加工する際には、ブロックコポリマー膜、有機ポリマー、もしくは無機層の上に金属薄膜を蒸着し、それぞれ該ブロックコポリマー、該有機ポリマー、もしくは該無機層を除去することによって作製する請求項1に記載のワイヤーグリッド製造方法。
- 基板上にブロックコポリマー膜のシリンダー状もしくはラメラ状のミクロドメインを生成し、前記ブロックコポリマー膜を該基板面に対して平行に配向させ、
前記ミクロドメインのパターンを前記基板または前記ブロックコポリマー膜に転写しワイヤー状の溝を形成し、
前記ブロックコポリマー膜のミクロドメインの一方を除去することを具備し、
前記基板上に有機ポリマー層を形成し、
前記有機ポリマー層の上に無機層を形成し、
ブロックコポリマーミクロドメインパターンを前記無機層と前記有機ポリマー層に転写し、前記溝を形成することをさらに具備することを特徴とするワイヤーグリッド製造方法。 - 基板上に有機ポリマー層を形成し、
前記有機ポリマー層の上に無機層を形成し、
前記基板上にブロックコポリマー膜のシリンダー状もしくはラメラ状のミクロドメインを生成し、該基板面に対して平行に配向させ、
前記ミクロドメインのパターンを前記基板または前記ブロックコポリマー膜に転写しワイヤー状の溝を形成し、
金属物質を、前記転写された基板またはブロックコポリマー膜を用いて加工し、
ブロックコポリマーミクロドメインパターンを前記無機層と前記有機ポリマー層に転写し、前記溝を形成して作成されることを特徴とするワイヤーグリッド。
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2006
- 2006-09-19 US US11/532,907 patent/US20070183025A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-09-19 US US11/532,906 patent/US20070183035A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-10-31 JP JP2006297180A patent/JP5586121B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-12-23 US US14/757,432 patent/US20160195657A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JP2007128086A (ja) | 2007-05-24 |
US20160195657A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
US20070183035A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
US20070183025A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
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