JP5578301B1 - 鉛フリーはんだ合金 - Google Patents
鉛フリーはんだ合金 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5578301B1 JP5578301B1 JP2014520097A JP2014520097A JP5578301B1 JP 5578301 B1 JP5578301 B1 JP 5578301B1 JP 2014520097 A JP2014520097 A JP 2014520097A JP 2014520097 A JP2014520097 A JP 2014520097A JP 5578301 B1 JP5578301 B1 JP 5578301B1
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- solder alloy
- electrode
- solder
- electroless
- alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- -1 Bi: 31-59% Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 31
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910020830 Sn-Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910018728 Sn—Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910002482 Cu–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910017944 Ag—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910008433 SnCU Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910016347 CuSn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
- B23K35/262—Sn as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
- B23K1/0016—Brazing of electronic components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/19—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
- B23K35/264—Bi as the principal constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C12/00—Alloys based on antimony or bismuth
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
- C22C13/02—Alloys based on tin with antimony or bismuth as the next major constituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/3457—Solder materials or compositions; Methods of application thereof
- H05K3/3463—Solder compositions in relation to features of the printed circuit board or the mounting process
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- H01L2224/113—Manufacturing methods by local deposition of the material of the bump connector
- H01L2224/1131—Manufacturing methods by local deposition of the material of the bump connector in liquid form
- H01L2224/1132—Screen printing, i.e. using a stencil
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- H01L2224/1133—Manufacturing methods by local deposition of the material of the bump connector in solid form
- H01L2224/1134—Stud bumping, i.e. using a wire-bonding apparatus
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- H01L2224/131—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof
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Abstract
電極のCuやNiの拡散を抑制するとともにはんだ合金の伸びや濡れ性を確保するため、質量%で、Bi:31〜59%、Cu:0.3〜1.0%、Ni:0.01〜0.06%、残部Snからなる合金組成を有する。
Description
。無電解Niめっきは、無電解めっきに使用される還元剤(例えば、次亜リン酸ナトリウム)由来のかなりの量のPを含有するNiめっきを形成する。このようなNiめっきは少なくとも数質量パーセントのP、例えば2〜15質量%を含有する。
、例えば無電解Niめっき処理が行われたCu電極のはんだ付けに使用された場合に、以下のような問題点を解決することができるとは到底考え難い。
(1)質量%で、Bi:31〜59%、Cu:0.3〜1.0%、Ni:0.01〜0.06%、残部Snからなる合金組成を有し、融点185℃以下、引っ張り強度70MPa以上、伸びが65%以上である、鉛フリーはんだ合金。
本発明に係る鉛フリーはんだ合金は、無電解Niめっき処理が行われ、板厚が5mm以下である薄い基板に形成されたCu電極のはんだ付けの使用に適しており、無電解Niめっき層を有する電極のはんだ付けに使用することによって本発明の効果が最も発揮される。したがって、はんだ付けの際の薄い基板の反りは、本発明に係るはんだ合金の低融点のために最小限に抑えられる。このように、はんだ継手の接続信頼性は、はんだ継手のせん断強度が劣化する原因となる接合界面のPリッチ層の成長の抑制と、はんだ合金の良好な延性(伸び)と高い引張強度のために改善される。さらに、本発明に係るはんだ合金は、無電解Niめっき処理が行われていないCu電極のはんだ付けに使用することにも適している。
Biの含有量は31〜59%である。Biははんだ合金の融点を低下させる。Biの含有量が31%より少ないと融点が高くはんだ付け時に基板が歪む。Biの含有量が59%よりに多いと、Biの析出により引張強度および延性が劣化する。Biの含有量は、好ましくは32〜58%であり、より好ましくは35〜58%である。
融点は、DSC(Differential scanning calorimetry)(セイコーインスツルメンツ社製:DSC6200)を用いて、昇温速度5℃/minの条件で融点(℃)を測定した。で融点(℃)を測定した。
引張強度試験機(島津製作所社製、AUTO GRAPH AG−20kN)を用い、ストロークスピードを6.0mm/minとし、歪みスピードを0.33%/secとして、表1に示すはんだ合金を所定の形状に形成し、引張強度(MPa)および伸び(%)を測定した。引張強度が70MPa以上であり、伸びが65%以上であれば、実用上問題なく使用することができる。
表1に示すはんだ合金を、基板の厚みが1.2mmであり電極の大きさが直径0.24mmであるPCBの無電界Ni/Auめっき処理が行われたCu電極(以下、単に、「無電解Ni/Au電極」と称する。)と接合してはんだ付けを行った。はんだ付けは、各はんだ合金から作製した直径0.3mmのはんだボールを、水溶性フラックス(千住金属社製:WF−6400)を用いて基板上に水溶性フラックスを塗布してからボールを搭載し、ピーク温度を210℃とするリフロープロファイルでリフロー法によりはんだ付けを行い、はんだ継手が形成された試料を得た。
前述のPCBの電極について、めっき処理が行われていないCu電極(以下、単に、「Cu電極」と称する。)、および無電界Ni/Au電極の2種類を用い、表1に示す各はんだ合金と接合してはんだ付けを行った。このサンプルを、せん断強度測定装置(Dage社製:SERIES 4000HS)により、1000mm/secの条件でせん断強度(N)を測定した。せん断強度が、Cu電極では3.00N以上であり、かつ無電界Ni/Au電極では2.60N以上であれば、実用上問題なく使用することができる。
せん断強度試験後のサンプルについて、はんだ接合部をせん断除去した後における無電界Ni/Au電極の表面SEM写真を撮影した。そして、EDS分析を実施することによりNiが露出する領域を特定し、西華産業株式会社製の画像解析ソフト(Scandium)によりその領域の面積を求めた。最後に、Niめっき層が露出している領域の面積を電極全体の面積で除して、プレート露出率(%)を算出した。
Claims (6)
- 質量%で、Bi:31〜59%、Cu:0.3〜1.0%、Ni:0.01〜0.06%、残部Snからなる合金組成を有し、融点185℃以下、引っ張り強度70MPa以上、伸びが65%以上である、鉛フリーはんだ合金。
- さらに、質量%で、PおよびGeからなる群から選択される1種以上を合計で0.003〜0.05%を含有する、請求項1に記載の鉛フリーはんだ合金。
- Niめっき層を有するCu電極上に請求項1または2に記載の鉛フリーはんだ合金を用いて形成されたはんだ継手。
- 前記Niめっき層はPを含有する無電解めっき層である、請求項3に記載のはんだ継手。
- 板厚が5mm以下であり、Niめっき層を有する複数のCu電極を有し、前記Cu電極の各々は請求項1または2に記載の鉛フリーはんだ合金を用いて形成されたはんだ継手を有する基板。
- 前記Niめっき層はPを含有する、請求項5に記載の基板。
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CN107088716B (zh) * | 2017-07-03 | 2020-01-24 | 中山翰华锡业有限公司 | 一种环保低温无残留锡膏及其制备方法 |
WO2020047481A1 (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-05 | Indium Corporation | Snbi and snin solder alloys |
CN110961831B (zh) | 2018-09-28 | 2022-08-19 | 株式会社田村制作所 | 成形软钎料及成形软钎料的制造方法 |
JPWO2020136979A1 (ja) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-09-09 | Jx金属株式会社 | はんだ接合部 |
TWI819210B (zh) | 2019-04-11 | 2023-10-21 | 日商日本斯倍利亞股份有限公司 | 無鉛焊錫合金及焊錫接合部 |
US11813686B2 (en) | 2019-05-27 | 2023-11-14 | Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | Solder alloy, solder paste, solder ball, solder preform, solder joint, and substrate |
CN114193020B (zh) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-05-09 | 山东康普锡威新材料科技有限公司 | 一种BiCuSnNiP系高温无铅焊料及其制备方法 |
CN115255710B (zh) * | 2022-07-15 | 2024-04-26 | 郑州轻工业大学 | 一种含有Sn、Cu的高熵合金软钎料及其制备方法 |
JP7161140B1 (ja) | 2022-07-22 | 2022-10-26 | 千住金属工業株式会社 | はんだ合金、はんだボール、はんだペーストおよびはんだ継手 |
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