JP5507544B2 - 酢酸に富むフラッシュ流を与えるメタノールをカルボニル化するための方法及び装置 - Google Patents
酢酸に富むフラッシュ流を与えるメタノールをカルボニル化するための方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5507544B2 JP5507544B2 JP2011507417A JP2011507417A JP5507544B2 JP 5507544 B2 JP5507544 B2 JP 5507544B2 JP 2011507417 A JP2011507417 A JP 2011507417A JP 2011507417 A JP2011507417 A JP 2011507417A JP 5507544 B2 JP5507544 B2 JP 5507544B2
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- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
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- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
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- C07C51/10—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide
- C07C51/12—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide on an oxygen-containing group in organic compounds, e.g. alcohols
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- C07C51/445—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change of the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation by steam distillation
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Description
以下において、図面を参照して本発明を詳細に説明する。図において、同じ数字は同様の部品を示す。
「減圧」とは、反応容器のものよりも低い圧力を指す。
フラッシャーへの反応混合物の供給温度は、実施上、フラッシャーの入口の付近の高圧側で測定する。任意の好適な器具を用いることができる。
本発明に関連して用いる第VIII族触媒金属は、ロジウム及び/又はイリジウム触媒であってよい。ロジウム金属触媒は、当該技術において周知なようにロジウムが[Rh(CO)2I2]−アニオンを含む平衡混合物として触媒溶液中に存在するような任意の好適な形態で加えることができる。ロジウム溶液を反応器の一酸化炭素に富む雰囲気中に存在させると、ロジウム/ヨウ化カルボニルアニオン種は水及び酢酸中に概して可溶であるので、ロジウムの可溶性が概して保持される。しかしながら、フラッシャー、軽質留分カラムなどの中に通常存在するような一酸化炭素に乏しい雰囲気に移すと、より少ない一酸化炭素しか利用できないので、ロジウム/触媒の平衡組成が変化する。ロジウムは、例えばRhI3として沈殿する。反応器の下流における同伴ロジウムの形態に関する詳細は良く理解されていない。ヨウ化物塩は、当業者によって認められるように、所謂「低水分」条件下におけるフラッシャー内での沈殿の軽減を促進する。
促進剤は、塩安定剤/共促進剤化合物と組み合わせることができ、これとしては第IA族又はIIA族の金属の塩、或いは第4級アンモニウム又はホスホニウム塩を挙げることができる。ヨウ化物又は酢酸塩、例えばヨウ化リチウム又は酢酸リチウムが特に好ましい。
好適なメタノールの反応性誘導体としては、酢酸メチル、ジメチルエーテル、ギ酸メチル、及びヨウ化メチルが挙げられる。メタノール及びその反応性誘導体の混合物を、本発明方法において反応物質として用いることができる。好ましくは、反応物質としてメタノール及び/又は酢酸メチルを用いる。メタノール及び/又はその反応性誘導体の少なくとも一部は、液体反応組成物中において、酢酸生成物又は溶媒との反応によって酢酸メチルに転化し、したがって酢酸メチルとして存在する。液体反応組成物中の酢酸メチルの濃度は、好適には、0.5〜70重量%、好ましくは0.5〜50重量%、より好ましくは1〜35重量%、最も好ましくは1〜20重量%の範囲である。
一酸化炭素は、所望の場合にはコンバーター12aに直接加えることができ、或いは所望の場合には触媒溶液を安定化し、全ての未反応のメタノールを消費するために、僅かに前(上流)又は後(下流)で加えることができる。かかる配置の詳細は、ヨーロッパ特許EP 0759419、及びDenisらの米国特許5,770,768(これらの開示事項は参照として本明細書中に包含する)において見られる。
Claims (25)
- (a)第VIII族金属触媒及びヨウ化メチル促進剤の存在下でメタノール又はその反応性誘導体をカルボニル化して、酢酸、水、酢酸メチル、及びヨウ化メチルを含む液体反応混合物を生成させ;
(b)液体反応混合物を、減圧下に保持したフラッシュ容器に供給し;
(c)同時に反応混合物をフラッシングしながらフラッシュ容器を加熱して、粗生成物蒸気流を生成させる;
ことを含み、
反応混合物、フラッシュ容器への反応混合物の流速、並びにフラッシュ容器へ供給する熱の量を、フラッシュ容器の蒸気出口で測定した粗生成物蒸気流の温度が300°F(149℃)以上の温度に保持され、粗生成物蒸気流中の酢酸の濃度が流れの70重量%よりも大きくなるように制御する、酢酸を製造するためのカルボニル化方法。 - 粗生成物蒸気流の温度を、300°F(149℃)よりも高く、400°F(204℃)未満の温度に保持する、請求項1に記載のカルボニル化方法。
- 粗生成物蒸気流の温度を、300°F(149℃)よりも高く、350°F(177℃)未満の温度に保持する、請求項1又は2に記載のカルボニル化方法。
- 反応混合物中の水の量を、反応混合物の1重量%〜10重量%のレベルに保持し、反応混合物がヨウ化物塩共促進剤を更に含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のカルボニル化方法。
- ヨウ化物塩共促進剤を、反応混合物の約4重量%〜約20重量%のヨウ化物アニオン濃度を生成する量で存在させる、請求項4に記載のカルボニル化方法。
- ヨウ化物塩共促進剤が複数のヨウ化物塩の混合物である、請求項4又は5に記載のカルボニル化方法。
- ヨウ化物塩共促進剤を、ヨウ化物リガンド前駆体の形態で反応混合物に与える、請求項4〜6のいずれか1項に記載のカルボニル化方法。
- 反応混合物中の水の量を、反応混合物の1重量%〜5重量%のレベルに保持する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のカルボニル化方法。
- 第VIII族金属触媒が、ロジウム触媒及びイリジウム触媒から選択される、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載のカルボニル化方法。
- 第VIII族金属触媒がロジウム触媒であり、反応混合物の約300重量ppm〜約5,000重量ppmの濃度で反応混合物中に存在させる、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載のカルボニル化方法。
- カルボニル化を10〜100barのゲージ圧下で行う、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載のカルボニル化方法。
- フラッシュ容器を約0.25〜約3barのゲージ圧に保持する、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載のカルボニル化方法。
- (a)第VIII族金属触媒及びヨウ化メチル促進剤の存在下でメタノール又はその反応性誘導体をカルボニル化して、酢酸、水、酢酸メチル、及びヨウ化メチルを含む液体反応混合物を生成させ;
(b)液体反応混合物を、供給温度において、減圧下に保持したフラッシュ容器に供給し;
(c)同時に反応混合物をフラッシングしながらフラッシュ容器を加熱して、粗生成物蒸気流を生成させる;
ことを含み、
反応混合物、フラッシュ容器への反応混合物の流速、並びにフラッシュ容器へ供給する熱の量を、粗生成物蒸気流の温度が300°F(149℃)以上の温度であって、フラッシャーに供給される液体反応混合物の供給温度よりも低い温度で且つその温度差が90°F(50℃)未満である温度に保持され、粗生成物蒸気流中の酢酸の濃度が粗生成物蒸気流の70重量%よりも大きくなるように制御する、酢酸を製造するためのカルボニル化方法。 - 粗生成物流が流れの少なくとも75重量%の酢酸濃度を有するように、反応混合物を選択し、その流速を、フラッシャーに供給する熱と共に制御する、請求項13に記載のカルボニル化方法。
- 粗生成物流が流れの少なくとも80重量%の酢酸濃度を有するように、反応混合物を選択し、その流速を、フラッシャーに供給する熱と共に制御する、請求項13又は14に記載のカルボニル化方法。
- 粗生成物流が流れの80重量%〜85重量%の酢酸濃度を有するように、反応混合物を選択し、その流速を、フラッシャーに供給する熱と共に制御する、請求項13〜15のいずれか1項に記載のカルボニル化方法。
- 粗生成物蒸気流が、フラッシャーに供給する液体反応混合物流の温度よりも低い温度で且つその温度差が85°F(47℃)未満である温度を有する、請求項13〜16のいずれか1項に記載のカルボニル化方法。
- 粗生成物蒸気流が、フラッシャーに供給する液体反応混合物流の温度よりも低い温度で且つその温度差が80°F(44℃)未満である温度を有する、請求項13〜17のいずれか1項に記載のカルボニル化方法。
- 粗生成物蒸気流が、フラッシャーに供給する液体反応混合物流の温度よりも低い温度で且つその温度差が75°F(42℃)未満である温度を有する、請求項13〜18のいずれか1項に記載のカルボニル化方法。
- 粗生成物蒸気流が、フラッシャーに供給する液体反応混合物流の温度よりも低い温度で且つその温度差が65°F(36℃)未満である温度を有する、請求項13〜19のいずれか1項に記載のカルボニル化方法。
- 粗生成物蒸気流が、フラッシャーに供給する液体反応混合物流の温度よりも低い温度で且つその温度差が60°F(33℃)未満である温度を有する、請求項13〜20のいずれか1項に記載のカルボニル化方法。
- (a)第VIII族金属触媒及びヨウ化メチル促進剤の存在下でメタノール又はその反応性誘導体をカルボニル化して、酢酸、水、酢酸メチル、及びヨウ化メチルを含む液体反応混合物を生成させるための、均一な第VIII族金属触媒を含む反応器;
(b)反応混合物の流れを受容し、反応混合物を減圧下でフラッシングして粗生成物蒸気流を生成させるように構成されているフラッシュ容器;
(c)反応器及びフラッシュ容器に接続され、熱を反応器からフラッシュ容器へ移動させて、粗生成物蒸気流の温度を、断熱フラッシングを受ける同様の流れの温度と比較して上昇させるように機能する熱移動システム;
を含む、酢酸を製造するための装置。 - 反応器及びフラッシャーに接続されているコンバーター容器を更に含む、請求項22に記載の装置。
- 粗生成物流を受容し、それから酢酸メチル及びヨウ化メチルを除去して精製生成物流を生成させるように構成されているスプリッターカラムを更に含む、請求項22又は23に記載の装置。
- スプリッターカラムから精製生成物流を受容し、それから水を除去するように構成されている乾燥カラムを更に含む、請求項22〜24のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
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