JP5328351B2 - 炭素膜 - Google Patents
炭素膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5328351B2 JP5328351B2 JP2008524590A JP2008524590A JP5328351B2 JP 5328351 B2 JP5328351 B2 JP 5328351B2 JP 2008524590 A JP2008524590 A JP 2008524590A JP 2008524590 A JP2008524590 A JP 2008524590A JP 5328351 B2 JP5328351 B2 JP 5328351B2
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
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- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
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- C01B3/501—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion
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- C04B35/62204—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products using waste materials or refuse
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- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
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- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
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- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
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- C04B38/0032—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof obtained by a chemical conversion or reaction other than those relating to the setting or hardening of cement-like material or to the formation of a sol or a gel, e.g. by carbonising or pyrolysing preformed cellular materials based on polymers, organo-metallic or organo-silicon precursors one of the precursor materials being a monolithic element having approximately the same dimensions as the final article, e.g. a paper sheet which after carbonisation will react with silicon to form a porous silicon carbide porous body
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2323/08—Specific temperatures applied
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
- C01B2203/047—Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon monoxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
- C01B2203/0475—Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon dioxide
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
- C01B2203/048—Composition of the impurity the impurity being an organic compound
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00793—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filters or diaphragms
- C04B2111/00801—Membranes; Diaphragms
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3272—Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. hematite, magnetite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S55/00—Gas separation
- Y10S55/05—Methods of making filter
Description
(1)酸を用いてセルロースとヘミセルロースの混合物を反応させ、
(2)上記混合物を型に入れて薄膜を形成し、
(3)上記薄膜を乾燥し、
(4)上記薄膜を炭化する。
パルプ(セルロースとヘミセルロースとの混合物)が、約1重量%の濃度のトリフルオロ酢酸(TFA)に溶解された。加水分解時間は、6日間、14日間または74日間であった。
実施例2:炭化
薄膜は、アルミナの作動管と薄膜の支持体としてステンレス鋼の格子を使用した管状炉(登録商標がCarboliteである、TZF12/100/900のもの)において、真空下で炭化された。その概略試験装置は図1に示されている。
実施例3:透過度試験
円形の炭素の薄膜は、特定の透過領域を残して、不透過のアルミニウムのテープを使用して覆われた。エポキシ樹脂が、アルミニウムのテープと炭素薄膜の境界面に付着された。フィルター紙で覆われた焼結済みの金属のディスクが試験セルにおける薄膜の支持体として使用された。30℃において、標準圧力上昇機器(登録商標がMKS Baratronの圧力変換器で、0から100mbarのレンジのもの)を用いて2バールの供給圧力(透過側に排気した)で、登録商標がLabViewの機器でデータを記録しながら、複数の単一ガスについて試験をした。その試験方法と機器は、K.C.O'Brien, W.J.Koros, T.A.BarbariおよびE.S.Sandersによる重合体薄膜を用いた多種ガス成分を測定するための新しい技術(J.Membrane Sci., 29(1986))の第229頁から238頁およびM.R.Colemanによるガス分離膜のためのフッ素含有ポリイミドの異性体(米国テキサス州オースチンのテキサス大学の博士論文, 1989)に記載されている。
実施例4:金属の添加物がない場合のパルプ由来の炭素の性能に及ぼす加水分解の効果
実施例5:
実施例1ないし3が、パルプ(セルロースとヘミセルロースの混合物)を出発材料として加水分解時間を変えることによって繰り返された。得られたヘミセルロース由来の重量損失が図3に示されている。
実施例6:透過度の結果
実施例5の膜を使用した数種類のガスに対する透過度試験の結果が、表2と図4においてCO2/CH4に対して示されている。
実施例7:再生
実施例1ないし3が、木材のパルプを出発材料として14日間のTFA処理をすることにより繰り返された。硝酸第二鉄が、TFA/パルプ溶液に各種の濃度で添加された。金属の含有量は、あるバッチに対しては1.8重量%であり、他のバッチに対しては4.4重量%であった。
実施例8:劣化と再生
4.4重量%の金属含有量の硝酸第二鉄に由来する炭素が、高い導電性のゆえに、劣化および再生試験のために選択された。表4は、電線につないだ炭素と電線につながなかった炭素についての重要な結果を示す。
2 エンドキャップ
3 管状炉
4 可撓性の管
5 ダイヤフラム弁
6 真空ポンプ
7 冷却トラップ
8 粒子フィルター
9 圧力伝達器
10 炭素膜
11 Oリング
12 アルミニウムテープ
13 エポキシ樹脂
14 接着剤
15 コアケーブル
16 環状ディスク
17 貫通孔
18 電力供給源
Claims (16)
- 以下の(1)ないし(4)の工程を有する炭素膜の製造方法。
(1)酸を用いてセルロースとヘミセルロースの混合物を反応させ、セルロースの連鎖を加水分解し、オリゴ糖または単糖類を形成し、
(2)上記混合物を型に入れて薄膜を形成し、
(3)上記薄膜を乾燥し、
(4)上記薄膜を炭化する。 - 上記酸がトリフルオロ酢酸(TFA)である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 金属塩が工程(1)の混合物に添加される請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 金属塩は混合物の0.5ないし6重量%を占める請求項3に記載の方法。
- 金属塩は硝酸第二鉄である請求項3または4に記載の方法。
- セルロースとヘミセルロースの混合物は、木材のパルプを使って提供される請求項1ないし5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 工程(1)ないし(3)は、7日間ないし100日間を要する請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 工程(1)ないし(3)は、21日間ないし35日間を要する請求項7に記載の方法。
- 最終炭化温度は500ないし600℃である請求項1ないし8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 炭化工程(4)は少なくとも2回の休止を含む請求項1ないし9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 工程(4)は触媒なしで実行される請求項1ないし10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 電流が炭素膜に通される再生工程(5)をさらに含む請求項1ないし11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 電流は1ないし60mAである請求項12に記載の方法。
- ガスを含有するガス混合物から当該ガスを分離するための方法であって、ガス混合物を請求項1に記載の炭素膜を通過させる工程を有している方法。
- 直流を膜に通すことによって、上記膜は定期的または連続的に再生される請求項14に記載の方法。
- 分離されるガスは二酸化炭素または水素である請求項14または15に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0516154.2A GB0516154D0 (en) | 2005-08-05 | 2005-08-05 | Carbon membranes |
GB0516154.2 | 2005-08-05 | ||
PCT/GB2006/002926 WO2007017650A1 (en) | 2005-08-05 | 2006-08-04 | Carbon membranes |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2009502724A JP2009502724A (ja) | 2009-01-29 |
JP5328351B2 true JP5328351B2 (ja) | 2013-10-30 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2008524590A Expired - Fee Related JP5328351B2 (ja) | 2005-08-05 | 2006-08-04 | 炭素膜 |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7947114B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1909949B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5328351B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101277754B (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE505259T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602006021313D1 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK1909949T3 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2364912T3 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB0516154D0 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007017650A1 (ja) |
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JP7423171B2 (ja) | 2022-03-30 | 2024-01-29 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | トルクリミッタ |
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DK1909949T3 (da) | 2011-07-11 |
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ATE505259T1 (de) | 2011-04-15 |
EP1909949A1 (en) | 2008-04-16 |
EP1909949B1 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
JP2009502724A (ja) | 2009-01-29 |
CN101277754A (zh) | 2008-10-01 |
GB0516154D0 (en) | 2005-09-14 |
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