JP5269384B2 - チョクラルスキー法を用いた半導体単結晶製造方法 - Google Patents
チョクラルスキー法を用いた半導体単結晶製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims description 171
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Y+3] JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910019901 yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013641 LiNbO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 79
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 79
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 46
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 21
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000282461 Canis lupus Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/20—Deposition of semiconductor materials on a substrate, e.g. epitaxial growth solid phase epitaxy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
- C30B15/30—Mechanisms for rotating or moving either the melt or the crystal
- C30B15/305—Stirring of the melt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
- C30B15/36—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method characterised by the seed, e.g. its crystallographic orientation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Description
S.wolfおよびR.N.Tauber ‘Silicon Processing for the VLSI Era‘,volume 1、Lattice Press(1986)、Sunset Beach,CA
望ましくは、成長された半導体単結晶の長手方向に沿って1/2〜L区間で測定された比抵抗値は、理論的に計算された比抵抗値より0〜40%増加する。
図1を参照すれば、上記半導体単結晶製造装置は、多結晶シリコンとドーパントとが高温で溶融されたシリコン融液(SM)を含有する石英るつぼ10;上記石英るつぼ10の外周面を包み、石英るつぼ10の外周面を一定の形態に支持するるつぼハウジング20;上記るつぼハウジング20の下端に設けられハウジング20と共に石英るつぼ10を回転させるるつぼ回転手段30;上記るつぼハウジング20の側壁から所定距離離隔され石英るつぼ10を加熱する加熱手段40;上記加熱手段40の外郭に設けられ加熱手段40から発生する熱が外部に流出することを防止する断熱手段50;シード結晶を用いて上記石英るつぼ10内に含有されたシリコン融液(SM)から単結晶(C)を引き上げる単結晶引き上げ手段60;及び単結晶引き上げ手段60により引き上げられる単結晶(C)の外周面から所定距離離隔され単結晶(C)から放出される熱を反射する熱シールド手段70;を含む。このような構成要素は、本発明が属した技術分野でよく知られているCZ法を用いた半導体単結晶製造装置の通常の構成要素であるので、各構成要素に対する詳細な説明は省略する。
上記数式8において、Rはインゴットの半径、Hは成長されたインゴットの高さ、σはインゴットの密度、Mchargeは石英るつぼに投入された原料の質量、Mseedはシードの質量である。
10 るつぼ
20 るつぼハウジング
30 るつぼ回転手段
40 加熱手段
50 断熱手段
60 単結晶引き上げ手段
70 熱シールド手段
Claims (8)
- るつぼ内に含有された半導体原料物質とドーパント(Dopant)物質との融液に、シード結晶を浸した後、前記シード結晶を回転させながら上部へと徐々に引き上げ、半導体単結晶を成長させるチョクラルスキー(Czochralski)法を用いた半導体単結晶製造方法において、
磁場の垂直成分が0であるZGP(Zero Gauss Plane)を基準にして上部と下部との磁場強度が相違し、前記ZGPが放物線形態を持つカスプ(Cusp)タイプの非対称磁場を、前記放物線形態の頂点が半導体融液の上方、又は、融液内に位置するようにるつぼに印加して、半導体単結晶の総長手区間において半導体単結晶の比抵抗を、下記数式により理論的に計算された比抵抗よりも増加させること
を特徴とする半導体単結晶製造方法。
- 単結晶成長が進むとき、固液界面と固液界面から50mm離隔した地点との間の温度差が50K未満であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体単結晶製造方法。
- 単結晶成長が進むとき、固液界面と固液界面から50mm離隔した地点との間の対流速度比が30未満であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体単結晶製造方法。
- 成長された半導体単結晶の長手方向に沿って0〜1/2L区間で測定された比抵抗値は、前記数式により理論的に計算された比抵抗値より0〜15%増加することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体単結晶製造方法。
- 成長された半導体単結晶の長手方向に沿って1/2L〜L区間で測定された比抵抗値は、前記数式により理論的に計算された比抵抗値より0〜40%増加することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体単結晶製造方法。
- 前記非対称磁場はZGPを基準にして下部の磁場強度が上部の磁場強度より大きく、
前記ZGPは上部がふくらんでいる放物線形態を持ち、
前記放物線形態の頂点は半導体融液の上方に位置することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体単結晶製造方法。 - 前記非対称磁場はZGPを基準にして上部の磁場強度が下部の磁場強度より大きく、
前記ZGPは下部がふくらんでいる放物線形態を持ち、
前記放物線形態の頂点は半導体融液内に位置することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体単結晶製造方法。 - 前記半導体単結晶は、Si,Ge,GaAs,InP,LN(LiNbO3)、LT(LiTaO3)、YAG(yttrium aluminum garnet)、LBO(LiB3O5)またはCLBO(CsLiB6O10)単結晶であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体単結晶製造方法。
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KR1020060100912A KR100827028B1 (ko) | 2006-10-17 | 2006-10-17 | 쵸크랄스키법을 이용한 반도체 단결정 제조 방법, 및 이방법에 의해 제조된 반도체 단결정 잉곳 및 웨이퍼 |
KR10-2006-0100912 | 2006-10-17 |
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US (1) | US20080107582A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5269384B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100827028B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101225541B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102007049778A1 (ja) |
SG (1) | SG142262A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200829731A (ja) |
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JP2007031274A (ja) * | 2005-07-27 | 2007-02-08 | Siltron Inc | シリコン単結晶インゴット、ウエハ、その成長装置、及びその成長方法 |
JP4805681B2 (ja) * | 2006-01-12 | 2011-11-02 | ジルトロニック アクチエンゲゼルシャフト | エピタキシャルウェーハおよびエピタキシャルウェーハの製造方法 |
KR100946563B1 (ko) | 2008-02-05 | 2010-03-11 | 주식회사 실트론 | 쵸크랄스키법을 이용한 반도체 단결정 제조 방법 |
JP2010100474A (ja) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-05-06 | Covalent Materials Corp | シリコン単結晶引上げ水平磁場の最適化方法およびシリコン単結晶の製造方法 |
US20130044779A1 (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2013-02-21 | Raytheon Company | Method for tailoring the dopant profile in a laser crystal using zone processing |
KR101390797B1 (ko) | 2012-01-05 | 2014-05-02 | 주식회사 엘지실트론 | 실리콘 단결정 성장 방법 |
JP2015205793A (ja) * | 2014-04-21 | 2015-11-19 | グローバルウェーハズ・ジャパン株式会社 | 単結晶引き上げ方法 |
WO2016179022A1 (en) * | 2015-05-01 | 2016-11-10 | Sunedison, Inc. | Methods for producing single crystal ingots doped with volatile dopants |
KR102660001B1 (ko) * | 2015-12-04 | 2024-04-24 | 글로벌웨이퍼스 씨오., 엘티디. | 낮은 산소 함량 실리콘의 제조를 위한 시스템들 및 방법들 |
CN107604429A (zh) * | 2016-07-12 | 2018-01-19 | 上海新昇半导体科技有限公司 | 直拉生长单晶硅的方法 |
CN109735897A (zh) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-05-10 | 内蒙古中环光伏材料有限公司 | 一种测算直拉炉内剩料电阻率的方法 |
CN113825862A (zh) * | 2019-04-11 | 2021-12-21 | 环球晶圆股份有限公司 | 后段主体长度具有减小变形的锭的制备工艺 |
JP7216340B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-06 | 2023-02-01 | 株式会社Sumco | シリコン単結晶の育成方法およびシリコン単結晶の引き上げ装置 |
CN114130993A (zh) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-04 | 上海大学 | 一种控制单晶高温合金铸件中缺陷的方法、其应用和熔铸装置 |
CN114959878A (zh) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-08-30 | 内蒙古中环领先半导体材料有限公司 | 一种提高cz法高阻半导体单晶轴向电阻率均一性的方法 |
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KR100827028B1 (ko) | 2008-05-02 |
CN101225541B (zh) | 2013-08-28 |
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US20080107582A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
KR20080034665A (ko) | 2008-04-22 |
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DE102007049778A1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
CN101225541A (zh) | 2008-07-23 |
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