JP5248731B2 - 燃焼強化システムおよび燃焼強化方法 - Google Patents
燃焼強化システムおよび燃焼強化方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2000年6月8日に提出された、出願日が先である米国仮出願第60/210243号の利点を含んでおり、参照することでその全体が本願の一部を構成する。
水素が完全な燃焼を促進するので、燃料に水素を加えると機関がよりきれいに運転されると言われている。このことは、例えばHeywood, J.B.の「内燃機関の基礎(Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals)」(McGraw Hill, 773-774, 1988)、Das,L.M.の「水素エンジン;過去と将来の展望(Hydrogen engines: a view of the past and a look into the future)」(Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 15, P.425, 1990)、DeLuchi, M.A.の「水素;燃料保管、性能、環境影響に対する安全性、およびコストの評価(Hydrogen; and evaluation of fuel storage, performance, safety environmental impacts, and cost)」(Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol.14, p.81, 1989)に記載されている。これら例における問題は、コンパクトな装置において搭載状態で如何にして効果的に水素を発生させるかを明確に教示していないことにある。高圧の容器、または水素が圧縮気体、液体として貯蔵されている場合には低温の容器、また水素が水素化物として貯蔵されている場合には大きな容器が必要となるため車載状態で水素を貯蔵する別の手法は実用化されていない。
2CnHm+nO2+4nN2→2nCO+mH2+4nN2 (1)
ここで、mおよびnはそれぞれ炭化水素分子中の炭素原子および水素原子の数である。
本発明は、点火源を介して燃料を搬送するシステムを提供する。本発明のシステムはプラズマ点火装置を用いた点火源を提供する。燃料を点火源に送る装置を有するプラズマ点火装置は、燃料または空気および燃料の(空気/燃料)混合気を分解して装置を有し、これにより燃焼サイクルが改良される。本発明は、燃焼チャンバのチャンバに流入した空気/燃料混合気の物理構造に影響を及ぼすことによって改良を行う。本発明は、燃料チャンバ内の燃料を分解する燃料送りシステムを提供する。本発明は、燃焼するための燃料の品質を改良するように燃料または空気/燃料混合気を分解することができる。燃料の分解は燃料または空気/燃料混合気の水素化が含まれる。本発明は燃料を分解し且つ燃料に点火することができる。本発明のシステムにおける燃料の分解および点火は、単一の点火源によって行われる。単一の点火源は高エネルギ型点火源であり、短期間でプラズマを発生させ且つ移動させることができる。さらに、本発明は、燃焼チャンバに供給される燃料/空気混合気の品質および量を細かく制御することができる燃料送りシステムを提供する。本発明は、燃料、空気/燃料混合気、または可燃性混合気を分解および点火するのに単一の構成要素が用いられる直噴式燃料システムを提供する。さらに、本発明は、機関コンパートメント内における必要な燃料送り空間の小さいシステムを提供する。
図1および図2は燃焼強化システムの好適な実施形態である。図2に示したように、本燃焼強化システムは、機関200、点火装置300、400、制御ユニット500、および燃料供給器600を備える燃料送りシステム100を具備し、燃料供給器600は圧力を受けた状態で燃料または空気と燃料の混合気を吸入することができる。機関200は2ストローク式または4ストローク式のガソリンまたはディーゼルである。また、機関200は2ストローク式または4ストローク式の直噴式ガソリンエンジンまたはディーゼルエンジンであってもよい。ディーゼルに利用した場合、燃焼を強化するためにシステムは水素濃度が高くされる。システムは、燃焼領域、すなわち本実施形態では機関200のシリンダの燃焼チャンバ210と共に作動する。燃焼領域は、完全に燃焼チャンバ内に配置されるのが好ましいが、例えばラムジェット、廃油焼却装置、ジェットエンジン、または燃焼が必要とされる任意の均等物において燃焼が必要とされる如何なる領域であってもよい。
MODEI
MODEIでは、点火装置300は燃料噴射装置および水素発生装置として機能する。燃料または空気/燃料混合気を燃焼させるために、システムは、点火機能を果たすための点火装置400のような第二の点火装置を必要とする。
MODEII
MODEIIでは、このシステムは、水素発生装置、および燃料チャンバ内の燃料または空気/燃料混合気の点火装置として機能する。水素発生装置として作動するときには、システムはエネルギが低く且つ繰返し数が多い電気パルスで作動する。これらパルスの数は必要とされる噴射燃料の量およびパルスの時刻tfでパルスが立ち上がって電気パルスが時刻tiで点火するまでの時間に依存する。ti>tfである場合、点火時間tfにおいて、付加的なパルス発生装置によってエネルギの高い電気パルスが提供される。システムは、エネルギが小さく周波数の高い電気パルスの数、パルス当たりに送られる電気エネルギ、燃料噴射装置(図示せず)によって送られる燃料の量に関して最適化されることができる。
Claims (24)
- 燃焼領域に近接した点火装置であって、第二導電表面から離間された第一導電表面を有し、これら表面により燃焼領域に直接通じる放電ギャップが形成される点火装置と、
前記放電ギャップに燃料または空気/燃料混合気の少なくとも一方を提供する燃料供給器と、
第一導電表面と第二導電表面との間に少なくとも一つの電気パルスを提供し、これにより前記放電ギャップを通過する上記燃料または空気/燃料混合気の少なくともいずれか一方の少なくとも一部が分解される制御装置とを具備し、
前記少なくとも一つの電気パルスは、燃料または空気/燃料混合気の少なくともいずれか一方を分解する少なくとも一つの第一電気パルスと、可燃性混合気に点火する少なくとも一つの第二電気パルスとを具備するシステム。
- 前記燃焼領域は内燃機関のシリンダを具備する請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記燃料または空気/燃料混合気の少なくともいずれか一方を分解する少なくとも一つの電気パルスにより水素が生成される請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも一つの第二電気パルスは別の点火装置によって提供される請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも一つの第一電気パルスは、第一周波数の一連の電気パルスを具備し、燃料または空気/燃料混合気の少なくとも一部を分解させる請求項3に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも一つの電気パルスは第一電流の電気パルスと第二電流の電気パルスとを具備し、第一電流に関する電圧は第二電流に関する電圧よりも高く、第一電流は第二電流よりも小さい請求項3に記載のシステム。
- 前記第一電流および第二電流は、燃料または空気/燃料混合気の少なくともいずれか一方が燃焼することなく分解されるように調整可能である請求項6に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも一つの電気パルスは、燃料または空気/燃料混合気の少なくとも一方を点火する請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも一つの第二電気パルスは少なくとも一つの電気パルスの任意の一つよりも高いエネルギ値を有する請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも一つの電気パルスは、第一周波数の少なくとも一つの第一電気パルスと、該第一周波数よりも低い第二周波数の少なくとも一つの第二電気パルスとを具備する請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも一つの第二電気パルスは電気スイッチにより提供される請求項10に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも一つの電気パルスは第一時間間隔で提供され、前記少なくとも一つの第二電気パルスは第二時間間隔で提供され、第一時間間隔と第二時間間隔とは調整可能な時間間隔だけオフセットされる請求項6に記載のシステム。
- 前記調整可能な時間間隔はタイマによって提供される請求項12に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも一つの第二電気パルスは、燃焼領域に配置された別の点火装置への調整可能な時間間隔の後に提供される請求項11に記載のシステム。
- 前記制御装置の少なくとも一つの電気パルスは、
燃料供給器から点火装置への燃料または空気/燃料混合気の流れを開始する電気パルスと、
燃焼領域への燃料噴射を開始する電気パルスと、
燃焼領域内の可燃性混合気に点火するための点火装置の点火を開始する電気パルスとを具備する請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 燃焼領域に近接している点火装置であって、ハウジングと、放電開始領域から延びる長さが第一長さである第一導電表面と、該第一導電表面から離間されて放電ギャップを形成する第二導電表面とを具備し、該第二導電表面は前記放電開始領域から延びる長さが第二長さであり、第一長さと第二長さとのうち短い方が放電ギャップ長さとされ、第一導電表面と第二導電表面との間の最も短い距離が放電ギャップ幅とされ、放電ギャップ長さに対する放電ギャップ幅の比率は3対1よりも大きい点火装置と、
前記点火装置に作動上の関係をもって連結されて燃料または空気/燃料混合気の少なくとも一方を放電ギャップに提供する燃料供給器と、
第一導電表面と第二導電表面との間に少なくとも一つの電気パルスを提供する制御装置とを具備し、
前記少なくとも一つの電気パルスは前記燃焼領域に近接してプラズマを発生させ、
少なくとも一つの第一電気パルスは、燃料または空気/燃料混合気の少なくとも一方を分解して当該燃料または空気/燃料混合気の少なくとも一方の水素濃度を濃くするシステム。
- 燃焼領域に近接している点火装置であって、ハウジングと、放電開始領域から延びる長さが第一長さである第一導電表面と、該第一導電表面から離間されて放電ギャップを形成する第二導電表面とを具備し、該第二導電表面は前記放電開始領域から延びる長さが第二長さであり、第一長さと第二長さとのうち短い方が放電ギャップ長さとされ、第一導電表面と第二導電表面との間の最も短い距離が放電ギャップ幅とされ、放電ギャップ長さに対する放電ギャップ幅の比率は3対1よりも大きい点火装置と、
前記点火装置に作動上の関係をもって連結されて燃料または空気/燃料混合気の少なくとも一方を放電ギャップに提供する燃料供給器と、
第一導電表面と第二導電表面との間に少なくとも一つの電気パルスを提供する制御装置とを具備し、
前記少なくとも一つの電気パルスは前記燃焼領域に近接してプラズマを発生させ、
前記放電ギャップ長さに対する放電ギャップ幅の比率は1.5対1よりも大きく、
前記少なくとも一つの第一電気パルスは、燃料または空気/燃料混合気の少なくとも一方を分解して当該燃料または空気/燃料混合気の少なくとも一方の水素濃度を濃くするシステム。
- 燃焼システム用の燃料を分解する方法であって、燃焼システムは、燃焼領域と、該燃焼領域に作動上の関係をもって連結された燃料供給器と、第一導電表面と該第一導電表面から離間されて放電ギャップを形成する第二導電表面とを備える点火装置とを有する方法において、
前記放電ギャップが燃焼領域と直接通じるように点火装置を配置する工程と、
放電ギャップに発生せしめられたプラズマによって燃料または空気/燃料混合気を分解する工程と、
少なくとも一つの電気パルスで燃料供給器から点火装置へ燃料を流し始める工程と、
前記燃焼領域に燃料または空気/燃料混合気の少なくとも一方を噴射する工程と、
前記燃料または空気/燃料混合気の少なくとも一方に点火するための点火装置を点火する工程とを具備する方法。
- 前記分解工程は、燃料または空気/燃料混合気の少なくとも一部を水素化する工程を具備する請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記分解工程は、放電ギャップにおいて燃料または空気/燃料混合気の少なくとも一部を分解する工程を具備する請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記分解工程は、第一の周波数で燃料を分解する一連の電気パルスを提供する工程を具備する請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも一つの電気パルスが第一の周波数の少なくとも一つの第一の電気パルスと、第一の周波数よりも低い第二の周波数の少なくとも一つの第二の電気パルスとを具備する請求項3に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも一つの第二の電気パルスは、燃焼領域内に配置された別の点火装置への調整可能な時間間隔の後に提供される請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも一つの電気パルスは電子スイッチによって提供される請求項1に記載のシステム。
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-
2001
- 2001-06-08 JP JP2002504777A patent/JP5248731B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-08 AT AT01946176T patent/ATE358770T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-08 AU AU2001268256A patent/AU2001268256A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-08 EP EP01946176A patent/EP1295022B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-08 DE DE60127672T patent/DE60127672T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-08 CN CN01813541A patent/CN100595425C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-08 WO PCT/US2001/018548 patent/WO2001098643A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-06-08 US US09/876,165 patent/US6745744B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2012
- 2012-12-07 JP JP2012268360A patent/JP2013092152A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN100595425C (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
AU2001268256A1 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
EP1295022A2 (en) | 2003-03-26 |
EP1295022B1 (en) | 2007-04-04 |
JP2013092152A (ja) | 2013-05-16 |
WO2001098643A9 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
JP2004510087A (ja) | 2004-04-02 |
DE60127672T2 (de) | 2008-01-17 |
DE60127672D1 (de) | 2007-05-16 |
WO2001098643A2 (en) | 2001-12-27 |
US6745744B2 (en) | 2004-06-08 |
US20020017271A1 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
WO2001098643A3 (en) | 2003-01-23 |
ATE358770T1 (de) | 2007-04-15 |
CN1444694A (zh) | 2003-09-24 |
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