JP5219552B2 - 移動通信システムにおけるブロック低密度パリティ検査符号の符号化/復号化装置及び方法 - Google Patents
移動通信システムにおけるブロック低密度パリティ検査符号の符号化/復号化装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
ターボ符号は、最近第3世代移動通信システムで注目されている同期方式と非同期方式ですべて使用されている誤り訂正符号である。従来から順方向誤り訂正のために主に利用された畳み込み符号(convolutional code)に比べて、このターボ符号は、高速データ伝送時に性能利得が優れると知られている。また、ターボ符号は、伝送チャンネルで発生する雑音による誤りを效果的に訂正してデータ伝送の信頼度を向上するという長所を有する。
LDPC符号は、因子(factor)グラフで和積(sum-product)アルゴリズムに基づいた反復復号アルゴリズムを用いて復号することができる。LDPC符号の復号器(decoder)は、和積アルゴリズムに基づいた反復復号アルゴリズムを使用するため、ターボ符号の復号器に比べて低い複雑度を有するだけでなく、並列処理復号器で実現することが容易である。LDPC符号を因子グラフで表現すると、LDPC符号の因子グラフ上にサイクルが存在するようになる。このサイクルが存在するLDPC符号の因子グラフ上の反復復号は、準最適(sub-optimal)とは、既によく知られている事実である。また、LDPC符号は、反復復号を通じて優れた性能を有することも実験的に立証された事実である。しかしながら、LDPC符号の因子グラフで短い長さのサイクルが多く存在する場合には、LDPC符号の性能劣化が発生される。そのため、LDPC符号の因子グラフ上に短い長さのサイクルが存在しないようにLDPC符号を設計するための研究が持続的に遂行されている。
一方、高性能のLDPC符号を生成するための条件を説明すると、次のようである。
サイクルとは、LDPC符号の因子グラフで変数ノードと検査ノードを接続するエッジが構成するループ(loop)を示すのに、サイクルの長さはループを構成するエッジの個数に定義される。サイクルの長さが長いということは、LDPC符号の因子グラフでループを構成する変数ノードと検査ノードを接続するエッジの個数が多いという意味である。その反対に、サイクルの長さが短いということは、LDPC符号の因子グラフでループを構成する変数ノードと検査ノードを接続するエッジの個数が少ないということを意味する。
LDPC符号は、LDPC符号の特性上畳み込み符号やターボ符号に比べて符号化の複雑度が高くてリアルタイム符号化が容易でない。LDPC符号の符号化複雑度を減少するために、反復累積(Repeat Accumulate:RA)符号などが提案された。反復累積符号もLDPC符号の符号化複雑度を低下させるのに限界を有する。したがって、LDPC符号の効率的な符号化を考慮しなければならない。
一般的に、不均一LDPC符号が均一LDPC符号より性能が優れる。その理由は、不均一LDPC符号の因子グラフが多様な次数を有するためである。ここで、“次数(degree)”とは、LDPC符号の因子グラフ上で各ノード、すなわち変数ノードと検査ノードに接続されているエッジの個数を示す。また、LDPC符号の因子グラフ上の“次数分布”とは、特定次数を有するノードが全体ノードの中にどのくらい存在するかを示す。特定の次数分布を有するLDPC符号の性能が優れるということは、既に証明したところである。
図4に示すように、循列行列PはNsxNsサイズを有する正方形行列として、循列行列Pを構成するNs個の行のウェイトがそれぞれ1で、循環行列Pを構成するNs個の行のウェイトもそれぞれ1である行列を示す。
下記の説明で、本発明に関連した公知の機能又は構成に関する説明が本発明の要旨を不明にすると判断された場合に、その詳細な説明を省略する。
ブロックLDPC符号で長さが2lであるサイクルが存在すると、下記の<式8>の条件を満たすべきである。
mは、下記の<式9>を満たす最小の正の整数であると定義する。
また、上記のパリティ部分の順列行列の上付き添え字ai、x、yは、順列行列Pの指数(上付き添え字)を示し、但し、説明の便宜上、このai、x、yは情報部分との区分のために相互に異なるように設定しただけである。すなわち、図13で、
パリティ部分が固定された形態を有するということは、後術する図16に示すように単位行列が位置する形態を有することを意味する。
本発明で、部分行列の“次数”とは、3と5との間の次数を呼ばれる。また、部分行列は、次数の低い部分行列から順次に選択するときに、ブロックサイクルができるだけ少なく生成されるように配列し、次数の低い部分行列間の最小長さを有するサイクルをできるだけ長く構成する。
<式16>に示すように、部分行列Eと部分行列Tの逆行列であるT-1の積に部分行列Bを乗算する場合に、部分行列Bが2個の部分ブロックを除いてはすべてゼロ行列を含むため、部分行列Bの2個のブロックのみに対して乗算を遂行することで、簡単に演算される。
1913 行列C乗算器
1915 行列ET-1乗算器
1917 第1の加算器
1919 行列B乗算器
1921 第2の加算器
1923 行列ET-1乗算器
1925,1927,1929 スイッチ
Claims (8)
- 復号装置がブロック低密度パリティ検査(LDPC)符号を復号する方法であって、
情報部分とパリティ部分を含むパリティ検査行列を使用してブロックLDPC符号を復号する過程を含み、
前記パリティ部分は、
複数の第1の順列行列を含み、部分行列を構成する部分ブロックの中に2個の部分ブロックに0でない順列行列Pyと、
と、を含む第1のセクション(B)と、
順列行列Pxを含む第2のセクション(D)と、
第3のセクション(T)内に対角で配列される、複数の恒等行列(I)と前記複数の恒等行列の下に配列される複数の第2の順列行列を含む前記第3のセクション(T)と、
最後の部分ブロックのみに
を含む第4のセクション(E)と
を含むことを特徴とするLDPC符号復号方法。 - 前記第1のセクション(B)と、第2のセクション(D)と、第3のセクション(T)と、
第4のセクション(E)のそれぞれに対応する順列行列は、(E)(T-1)(B)+Dに対応する行列が恒等行列になるように形成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のLDPC符号復号方法。 - 前記第1の順列行列のうちの一つは、前記第1のセクション(B)の最初のブロックに配列されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のLDPC符号復号方法。
- 前記第1のセクション(B)と、第2のセクション(D)と、第3のセクション(T)と、
第4のセクション(E)のそれぞれに対応する順列行列は、前記ブロックLDPC符号の因子グラフ上の最小サイクル長さが最大になり、ウェイト値が不均一になるように形成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のLDPC符号復号方法。 - ブロック低密度パリティ検査(LDPC)符号を処理するシステムであって、
情報部分とパリティ部分を含むパリティ検査行列を使用してブロックLDPC符号を復号する復号装置を含み、
前記パリティ部分は、
複数の第1の順列行列を含み、部分行列を構成する部分ブロックの中に2個の部分ブロックに0でない順列行列Pyと、
と、を含む第1のセクション(B)と、
順列行列をPx含む第2のセクション(D)と、
第3のセクション(T)内に対角で配列される、複数の恒等行列(I)と前記複数の恒等行列の下に配列される複数の第2の順列行列を含む前記第3のセクション(T)と、
最後の部分ブロックのみに
を含む第4のセクション(E)とを含むことを特徴とするLDPC符号処理システム。 - 前記第1のセクション(B)と、第2のセクション(D)と、第3のセクション(T)と、
第4のセクション(E)のそれぞれに対応する順列行列は、(E)(T-1)(B)+Dに対応する行列が恒等行列になるように形成されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のLDPC符号処理システム。 - 前記第1の順列行列のうちの一つは、前記第1のセクション(B)の最初のブロックに配列されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のLDPC符号処理システム。
- 前記第1のセクション(B)と、第2のセクション(D)と、第3のセクション(T)と、
第4のセクション(E)のそれぞれに対応する順列行列は、前記ブロックLDPC符号の因子グラフ上の最小サイクル長さが最大になり、ウェイト値が不均一になるように形成されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のLDPC符号処理システム。
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| AU2004302428B2 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
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| US7962828B2 (en) | 2011-06-14 |
| KR100809619B1 (ko) | 2008-03-05 |
| RU2316111C2 (ru) | 2008-01-27 |
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| US20050050435A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
| US9319068B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 |
| AU2004302428A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
| JP4160617B2 (ja) | 2008-10-01 |
| JP2008172824A (ja) | 2008-07-24 |
| US20110167315A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
| US20070283221A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
| EP1511177A3 (en) | 2006-07-26 |
| RU2006109470A (ru) | 2006-07-10 |
| CN1836394B (zh) | 2011-05-25 |
| EP1511177B1 (en) | 2018-06-06 |
| KR20050021108A (ko) | 2005-03-07 |
| US7313752B2 (en) | 2007-12-25 |
| WO2005020500A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
| CN1836394A (zh) | 2006-09-20 |
| US20140344639A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
| CA2531806A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
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