JP5209326B2 - 複合ポリマー繊維 - Google Patents
複合ポリマー繊維 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5209326B2 JP5209326B2 JP2007558017A JP2007558017A JP5209326B2 JP 5209326 B2 JP5209326 B2 JP 5209326B2 JP 2007558017 A JP2007558017 A JP 2007558017A JP 2007558017 A JP2007558017 A JP 2007558017A JP 5209326 B2 JP5209326 B2 JP 5209326B2
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0005—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type
- G02B6/001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type the light being emitted along at least a portion of the lateral surface of the fibre
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/36—Matrix structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
- G02B1/045—Light guides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3008—Polarising elements comprising dielectric particles, e.g. birefringent crystals embedded in a matrix
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/024—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with polarisation maintaining properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/04—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
- G02B6/0051—Diffusing sheet or layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
- G02B6/0053—Prismatic sheet or layer; Brightness enhancement element, sheet or layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02347—Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02347—Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding
- G02B6/02352—Complex periodic lattices or multiple interpenetrating periodic lattices, e.g. unit cell having more than two materials, partially internally coated holes, for multiple bandgaps
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02357—Property of longitudinal structures or background material varies radially and/or azimuthally in the cladding, e.g. size, spacing, periodicity, shape, refractive index, graded index, quasiperiodic, quasicrystals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02361—Longitudinal structures forming multiple layers around the core, e.g. arranged in multiple rings with each ring having longitudinal elements at substantially the same radial distance from the core, having rotational symmetry about the fibre axis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02371—Cross section of longitudinal structures is non-circular
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
Description
NSOT=τ(1−g)/(tf)
式中、τは、光学厚さであり、tkに等しく、kは、単位体積あたりの消光断面積(消光に対する平均自由行程の逆数)であり、tは、拡散体の厚さであり、fは、拡散体の体積分率であり、gは、非対称パラメータである。gの値は、純粋前方散乱の場合+1であり、純粋後方散乱の場合−1であり、均等前方および後方散乱の場合ゼロである。プロットを生じさせるために使用された計算は、入射光の真空波長が550nmであることを想定した。
以下に、本願発明に関連する発明の実施形態について列挙する。
[実施形態1]
複合ポリマー繊維であって、
ポリマー充填剤材料と、
前記充填剤材料内に配置された複数のポリマー散乱繊維であって、前記複合ポリマー繊維の長手方向の軸に実質的に平行な長手方向の軸を有する複数のポリマー散乱繊維とを含み、
前記充填剤材料および前記散乱繊維の少なくとも一方が、複屈折性材料から形成され、前記充填剤材料および前記散乱繊維の屈折率が、前記複合ポリマー繊維に第1の偏光状態で入射する光について実質的に整合し、前記第1の偏光状態に直交する第2の偏光状態で入射する光について実質的に整合しない、複合ポリマー繊維。
[実施形態2]
前記繊維がほぼ円形の断面を有する、実施形態1に記載の複合繊維。
[実施形態3]
前記繊維がほぼ非円形の断面を有する、実施形態1に記載の複合繊維。
[実施形態4]
前記散乱繊維の少なくともいくつかが、ほぼ円形の断面を有する、実施形態1に記載の複合繊維。
[実施形態5]
前記散乱繊維の少なくともいくつかが、ほぼ非円形の断面を有する、実施形態1に記載の複合繊維。
[実施形態6]
前記散乱繊維の少なくともいくつかが、ともに撚られる、実施形態1に記載の複合繊維。
[実施形態7]
前記散乱繊維の少なくともいくつかが、前記複合繊維の断面にわたって不規則に配列される、実施形態1に記載の複合繊維。
[実施形態8]
前記散乱繊維の少なくともいくつかが、前記複合繊維の断面にわたって規則的に配列される、実施形態1に記載の複合繊維。
[実施形態9]
前記散乱繊維の少なくともいくつかが、前記複合繊維の断面にわたって、規則的な格子パターンの位置に配列され、前記規則的な格子パターンの少なくとも1つの位置が、散乱繊維を有さない、実施形態8に記載の複合繊維。
[実施形態10]
前記散乱繊維の少なくともいくつかが、散乱繊維の配列が、前記複合繊維に対して横方向から入射する光に、スペクトル選択的な特性を与えるように、前記複合繊維内に配列される、実施形態8に記載の複合繊維。
[実施形態11]
それぞれの散乱繊維を囲むカバー層をさらに含む、実施形態1に記載の複合繊維。
[実施形態12]
前記散乱繊維が散乱繊維材料から形成され、前記カバー層が、前記充填剤材料および前記散乱繊維材料の1つから形成される、実施形態11に記載の複合繊維。
[実施形態13]
前記散乱繊維の少なくとも1つが、コアを囲むシェルを含み、前記シェルおよび前記コアが、異なる材料から形成される、実施形態1に記載の複合繊維。
[実施形態14]
前記散乱繊維の少なくとも1つが、第2のポリマー材料の連続相内の、第1のポリマー材料の分散相を含む、実施形態1に記載の複合繊維。
[実施形態15]
ポリマーマトリックスと、
前記ポリマーマトリックス内に配置された複数のポリマー複合繊維であって、前記ポリマー複合繊維の少なくとも1つが、第1のポリマー材料の複数の散乱繊維を、前記第1のポリマー材料と異なる第2のポリマー材料の充填剤内に含み、前記ポリマー複合繊維が、前記ポリマーマトリックス内に実質的に平行に配列され、前記ポリマーマトリックス、前記第1のポリマー材料、および前記第2のポリマー材料の少なくとも1つが、複屈折性である、複数のポリマー複合繊維とを含む光学体。
[実施形態16]
前記第1および第2のポリマー材料の少なくとも1つが複屈折性である、実施形態15に記載の光学体。
[実施形態17]
前記ポリマーマトリックスが、前記第1のポリマー材料および前記第2のポリマー材料の1つを含む、実施形態15に記載の光学体。
[実施形態18]
前記ポリマーマトリックスが、前記第1および第2のポリマー材料と異なるマトリックス材料を含む、実施形態15に記載の光学体。
[実施形態19]
前記散乱繊維の少なくとも1つが、連続相内の分散相を含む、分散相散乱繊維を含む、実施形態15に記載の光学体。
[実施形態20]
前記複合繊維の少なくともいくつかが、ヤーンを形成するように、ともに撚られる、実施形態15に記載の光学体。
[実施形態21]
前記ポリマーマトリックス内に配置された繊維織物であって、前記複数のポリマー複合繊維を含む繊維織物をさらに含む、実施形態15に記載の光学体。
[実施形態22]
前記複数のポリマー繊維が、前記繊維織物の経糸および緯糸の1つを含む、実施形態21に記載の光学体。
[実施形態23]
前記繊維織物の経糸および緯糸の他方が、光学的に等方性のポリマー繊維、光学的に等方性の天然繊維、ガラス繊維、ガラスセラミック繊維、およびセラミック繊維の少なくとも1つを含む、実施形態22に記載の光学体。
[実施形態24]
前記繊維織物の経糸および緯糸の他方が、前記ポリマーマトリックスの屈折率と実質的に同様の屈折率を有する等方性繊維を含む、実施形態22に記載の光学体。
[実施形態25]
前記繊維織物の経糸および緯糸の他方が、前記ポリマーマトリックスの屈折率と実質的に異なる屈折率を有する等方性繊維を含む、実施形態22に記載の光学体。
[実施形態26]
前記繊維織物内の前記ポリマー繊維が、実質的に直線である、実施形態21に記載の光学体。
[実施形態27]
前記複数の複合繊維の複合繊維が、前記ポリマーマトリックスの断面においてランダムなパターンで配列される、実施形態15に記載の光学体。
[実施形態28]
前記複数の複合繊維の複合繊維が、前記ポリマーマトリックスの断面において規則的なパターンで配列される、実施形態15に記載の光学体。
[実施形態29]
前記ポリマーマトリックスが、前記複数のポリマー繊維を含む層として形成され、前記層が、実質的に平坦かつ平行な表面を有する、実施形態15に記載の光学体。
[実施形態30]
前記ポリマーマトリックスが、少なくとも1つの構造化表面を有する層として形成される、実施形態15に記載の光学体。
[実施形態31]
前記少なくとも1つの構造化表面が、屈折力を、前記光学体を透過された光に与える、実施形態30に記載の光学体。
[実施形態32]
前記少なくとも1つの構造化表面が、プリズム構造のアレイを含む、実施形態30に記載の光学体。
[実施形態33]
前記複合繊維の少なくとも1つが、前記マトリックスおよび前記散乱繊維を囲むカバー層を含む、実施形態15に記載の光学体。
[実施形態34]
光学体を製造する方法であって、
複合繊維を押出す工程であって、各複合繊維が、第2のポリマーから製造された充填剤内に分散された、第1のポリマーから製造された複数の散乱繊維を含み、前記第2のポリマーが可溶性である工程と、
前記第1のポリマーを、前記第1のポリマーが複屈折性になるように配向する工程と、
前記配向された複合繊維を含むヤーンを形成する工程と、
前記ヤーンを溶媒で洗浄して、前記第2のポリマーを除去する工程と、
ヤーンのアレイを形成する工程であって、前記ヤーンのアレイが好ましい配向を有する工程と、
前記ヤーンのアレイに樹脂を染み込ませる工程と、
前記樹脂を固める工程とを含む方法。
[実施形態35]
前記ヤーンを形成する前、前記第1のポリマーを配向する工程をさらに含む、実施形態34に記載の光学体を製造するための方法。
[実施形態36]
前記ヤーンを形成した後、前記第1のポリマーを配向する工程をさらに含む、実施形態34に記載の光学体を製造するための方法。
[実施形態37]
前記ヤーンのアレイを形成する工程が、前記ヤーンを織る工程を含む、実施形態34に記載の光学体を製造するための方法。
[実施形態38]
前記ヤーンのアレイを形成する工程が、一軸配向された、ヤーンのトウを形成する工程を含む、実施形態34に記載の光学体を製造するための方法。
[実施形態39]
前記樹脂を固める工程が、前記樹脂を硬化させる工程を含む、実施形態34に記載の光学体を製造するための方法。
[実施形態40]
前記樹脂を硬化させる工程が、前記樹脂を光硬化させる工程を含む、実施形態39に記載の光学体を製造するための方法。
[実施形態41]
前記樹脂を硬化させる工程が、前記樹脂を熱硬化させる工程を含む、実施形態39に記載の光学体を製造するための方法。
[実施形態42]
前記樹脂を硬化させる工程が、前記樹脂が微細複製工具の表面と接触する間、前記樹脂を硬化させる工程を含む、実施形態39に記載の光学体を製造するための方法。
[実施形態43]
前記微細複製工具を使用して、前記光学体上に構造化表面を形成する工程をさらに含む、実施形態42に記載の光学体を製造するための方法。
[実施形態44]
光学体を製造する方法であって、
複合繊維を押出す工程であって、各複合繊維が、第2のポリマーから製造された充填剤内に分散された、第1のポリマーから製造された複数の散乱繊維を含み、前記第1および第2のポリマーの少なくとも1つが配向可能である工程と、
前記複合繊維をともに配列する工程と、
前記複合繊維を融合して、溶融光学体を形成する工程とを含む方法。
[実施形態45]
前記複合繊維を融合する工程が、圧力および熱の少なくとも1つを前記複合繊維に加える工程を含む、実施形態44に記載の方法。
[実施形態46]
前記複合繊維を融合する工程が、圧力および熱の両方を前記複合繊維に加える工程を含む、実施形態45に記載の方法。
[実施形態47]
前記複数の複合繊維を融合する工程が、接着剤を使用して、前記複合繊維をともに結合する工程を含む、実施形態44に記載の方法。
[実施形態48]
前記複数の複合繊維を融合する工程が、前記複数の複合繊維を溶媒で処理し、前記処理された複合繊維をともにプレスする工程を含む、実施形態44に記載の方法。
[実施形態49]
配向可能である、前記第1および第2のポリマーの少なくとも1つを配向するように、前記複合繊維をさらに延伸する工程を含む、実施形態44に記載の方法。
[実施形態50]
前記複合繊維を融合する前、前記複合繊維を延伸する工程をさらに含む、実施形態44に記載の方法。
[実施形態51]
前記複合繊維を融合した後、前記複合繊維を延伸する工程をさらに含む、実施形態44に記載の方法。
[実施形態52]
前記複合繊維をともに配列する工程が、前記複合繊維を、互いに実質的に平行であるように配列する工程を含む、実施形態44に記載の方法。
[実施形態53]
前記複合繊維をともに配列する工程が、前記複合繊維を少なくとも1つのトウに形成する工程を含む、実施形態44に記載の方法。
[実施形態54]
前記複合繊維をともに配列する工程が、前記複合繊維を少なくとも1つの繊維織物に形成する工程を含む、実施形態44に記載の方法。
Claims (2)
- ポリマーマトリックスと、
前記ポリマーマトリックス内に配置された複数のポリマー複合繊維を含む光学体であって、前記ポリマー複合繊維の少なくとも1つが、第1のポリマー材料の複数の散乱繊維を、前記第1のポリマー材料と異なる第2のポリマー材料の充填剤内に含み、前記ポリマー複合繊維が、前記ポリマーマトリックス内に実質的に平行に配列され、前記ポリマーマトリックス、前記第1のポリマー材料、および前記第2のポリマー材料の少なくとも1つが、複屈折性であり、また、
前記ポリマーマトリックスが、前記第1のポリマー材料および前記第2のポリマー材料の1つを含む、光学体。 - ポリマーマトリックスと、
前記ポリマーマトリックス内に配置された複数のポリマー複合繊維であって、前記ポリマー複合繊維の少なくとも1つが、第1のポリマー材料の複数の散乱繊維を、前記第1のポリマー材料と異なる第2のポリマー材料の充填剤内に含み、前記ポリマー複合繊維が、前記ポリマーマトリックス内に実質的に平行に配列され、前記ポリマーマトリックス、前記第1のポリマー材料、および前記第2のポリマー材料の少なくとも1つが、複屈折性である、複数のポリマー複合繊維と、
前記ポリマーマトリックス内に配置された繊維織物であって、前記複数のポリマー複合繊維を含む繊維織物を
含む、光学体。
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US20080152282A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
EP1853944B1 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
WO2006093615A3 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
US20060193582A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
JP2008531865A (ja) | 2008-08-14 |
US7356231B2 (en) | 2008-04-08 |
TWI414500B (zh) | 2013-11-11 |
US20100230835A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
US7738763B2 (en) | 2010-06-15 |
KR101279192B1 (ko) | 2013-06-26 |
TW200640813A (en) | 2006-12-01 |
MY149625A (en) | 2013-09-13 |
WO2006093615A2 (en) | 2006-09-08 |
KR20070106796A (ko) | 2007-11-05 |
MX2007010416A (es) | 2007-10-17 |
EP1853944A2 (en) | 2007-11-14 |
CN100582815C (zh) | 2010-01-20 |
CN101128751A (zh) | 2008-02-20 |
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