JP5166398B2 - ヒトタンパク質チロシンホスファターゼβ(HPTPβ)に結合する抗体及びその使用 - Google Patents
ヒトタンパク質チロシンホスファターゼβ(HPTPβ)に結合する抗体及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5166398B2 JP5166398B2 JP2009503719A JP2009503719A JP5166398B2 JP 5166398 B2 JP5166398 B2 JP 5166398B2 JP 2009503719 A JP2009503719 A JP 2009503719A JP 2009503719 A JP2009503719 A JP 2009503719A JP 5166398 B2 JP5166398 B2 JP 5166398B2
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Description
配列表の各ヌクレオチド及びタンパク質配列を、対応するGenbank又はDerwent受入番号(適用可能な場合)及び由来種とともに表Iに示す。
「タンパク質」は、本明細書では、ペプチド及びポリペプチドと互換的に使用される。HPTPβは、配列表で定義したようなヒトタンパク質チロシンホスファターゼである。幾つかの実施形態では、HPTPβの種々の断片を使用する。以下に記載するような、HPTPβタンパク質及び遺伝子の、ホモログ、オルソログ、断片、変異型、及び突然変異体は、用語「HPTPβ」の範囲内であると見なす。
本発明の抗体は、当該技術分野において既知である血管新生アッセイでスクリーニングされてもよい。かかるアッセイとしては、培養細胞中の血管増殖又は組織外植片由来の血管構造の形成の代用物を測定するインビトロアッセイ、及び、血管増殖を直接又は間接的に測定するインビボアッセイが挙げられる(アウエルバッハ,R.(Auerbach,R.)ら(2003年)『クリニカル・ケミストリー(Clin Chem)』第49巻、32〜40ページ;ベイル,B.(Vailhe,B.)ら(2001年)『ラボラトリー・インヴェスティゲーション(Lab Invest)』第81巻439〜452ページ)。
これらのアッセイの大部分は、培養内皮細胞又は組織外植片を使用して、「血管新生」細胞応答又は毛細血管様構造の形成における剤の効果を測定する。インビトロ血管新生アッセイの例としては、内皮細胞遊走及び増殖、毛細管形成、内皮出芽、大動脈輪外植片アッセイ及びヒヨコ(chick)大動脈弓アッセイが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
これらのアッセイでは、剤又は抗体は、増殖因子(即ち、VEGF又はアンジオポエチン1)の存在下又は非存在下で、局所的又は全身的に投与され、直接観察により、又は、ヘモグロビン含有量若しくは蛍光指示薬のような代用マーカーを測定することにより、新たな血管増殖を測定する。血管新生の例としては、ヒヨコ絨毛尿膜アッセイ、角膜血管新生アッセイ、及びマトリゲル(MATRIGEL)(商標)プラグアッセイが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
「調節」という用語は、その一般に認められた辞書の意味として定義される。従って、「調節」という用語の意味としては、上方制御若しくは下方制御する、固定する、秩序若しくは均一性をもたらす、支配する、又は種々の手段により方向づけることが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。一態様では、抗体は、「血管新生増加疾患」又は「血管新生減少疾患」の治療方法に用いることができる。本明細書で使用する時、「血管新生増加疾患」は、疾病、疾患及び/若しくは状態の生物学的徴候において;疾患を誘導する生物学的カスケードにおいて;又は疾患の症状として、不要な血管新生又は血管新生の増加が関与するものである。同様に、「血管新生減少疾患」は、生物学的徴候において、必要な血管新生又は血管新生の減少が関与するものである。この、血管新生増加/減少疾患における、血管新生の「関与」として、以下のものが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
(1)遺伝的、感染、自己免疫、外傷、生体力学的原因、生活習慣、又は他の幾つかの原因による、血管新生のレベルの増加、減少にかかわらず、疾患又は生物学的徴候の「原因」としての血管新生。
(2)疾病又は疾患の観察可能な徴候の一部としての血管新生。つまり、疾病又は疾患が、血管新生の増加又は減少の点で測定可能である。臨床的観点から、血管新生は疾病の徴候であるが、疾病又は疾患の「ホールマーク(hallmark)」である必要はない。
(3)血管新生は、疾病又は疾患をもたらす生化学的又は細胞カスケードの一部である。この観点では、血管新生の調節はカスケードを中断させ、疾病を制御することができる。本発明により治療できる血管新生調節疾患の非限定的な例は、本明細書で以下に記載するものである。
一態様では、抗体は虚血組織を血管新生化する方法で用いることができる。本明細書で使用する時、「虚血組織」は、十分な血流を奪われた組織を意味する。虚血組織の例としては、心筋及び脳梗塞、腸管膜若しくは肢虚血、又は血管閉塞若しくは狭窄の結果から生じる、十分な血液供給を欠く組織が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。一例では、酸素を豊富に含んだ血液の供給の中断は、血管閉塞により引き起こされる場合がある。かかる血管閉塞は、動脈硬化、外傷、外科手術、疾病及び/又は他の病因により引き起こされる場合がある。標準的な日常化技術は、組織が望ましくない血管閉塞による虚血性障害を患う危険があるかどうかを決定するために利用可能である。例えば、心筋疾病では、これらの方法は種々のイメージング技術(例えば、放射性トレーサ方法論、X線及びMRI)及び生理学的試験を含む。それゆえ、血管新生の誘導は、血管閉塞に侵された又は侵される危険のある組織の虚血を予防又は減衰させる有効な手段である。さらに、骨格筋及び心筋虚血、脳卒中、冠動脈疾患、末梢血管疾患、冠動脈疾患の治療は、十分に考慮される。
一態様では、抗体は、組織の修復方法で用いることができる。本明細書で使用する時、「組織の修復」とは、組織の修復、再生、増殖及び/又は維持を促進することを意味し、創傷修復又は再生医療を含むが、これらに限定されない。当業者は、新たな血管形成が組織の修復に必要であることを認識している。一方で、組織は、関節炎、骨粗鬆症及び他の骨格疾患、並びに、火傷を含む外傷又は外傷性状態を含むが、これらに限定されないものにより損傷を受ける可能性がある。組織はまた、外科手術、放射線照射、裂傷、有毒化学物質、ウイルス感染若しくは細菌感染、又は火傷により傷害を受ける場合がある。修復を必要とする組織はまた、難治性創傷を含む。難治性創傷の例としては、糖尿病の症状から生じる難治性皮膚潰瘍;又は容易に治癒しない骨折が挙げられる。
本発明の抗体は、本発明の遺伝子及びタンパク質により調節される疾病又は疾患を治療又は予防するために投与されうる。「治療」という用語は、本明細書では、本発明の化合物の投与が、宿主の疾病又は疾患を軽減することを意味する。従って、「治療」という用語は、特に、宿主が病気にかかりやすいが、病気と診断されてはいない時に、宿主内で生じる疾患を予防すること、疾患を阻害すること、及び/又は疾患を緩和若しくは逆行させることを含む。本発明の方法が疾患を予防することを目的とする限り、「予防」という用語は疾病状態を完全に阻止する必要はないと理解される。(『ウェブスター大学生用辞典第9版(Webster's Ninth Collegiate Dictionary)』を参照のこと。)むしろ、本明細書で使用する時、予防という用語は、当業者の、疾病の発症前に本発明の化合物を投与できるように、疾患にかかりやすい集団を特定する能力を指す。この用語は、疾病状態を完全に回避することを意味するものではない。本発明のスクリーニング方法により同定される化合物は、他の化合物と併用して投与することができる。
方法:完全長HPTPβは、メーカー(オリゲネ(Origene))の説明書に従ってヒト胎盤ライブラリーからクローン化する。クローンは、FNIII反復#5を欠損していることを除き、既に報告したcDNAクローン(Genbank受入番号X54131)と同一である。HPTPβの可溶性細胞外ドメイン(ECD)全体をコードするcDNAは、c末端にHis−His−His−His−His−His−Gly(6His−Gly)が付加されたAA 1−1534(配列番号1)をコードする完全長cDNA(以下の配列を参照のこと)からPCRすることによりクローン化する。得られるcDNAを、HEK293細胞で一過的に(pShuttle-CMV)又は安定的に(pcDNA3.1(−))発現させるために、哺乳類発現ベクターにクローン化する。精製HPTPβECD(βECD)を得るために、βECD発現ベクターで形質移入したHEK293細胞を、通常の増殖条件下で24時間、OptiMEM−セラムフリー(ギブコ(Gibco))中でインキュベートする。次いで、馴化培地を回収し、遠心分離して残渣を除去し(1000rpm×5分)、1mLの洗浄Ni−NTAアガロース(キアゲン(Qiagen))(500μLのパック入り材料)を、それぞれ10mLの清浄培地に添加し、4℃で一晩振動させる。次の日、混合物をカラムに充填し、20ベッド体積の50mMのNaH2PO4、300mMのNaCl、20mMのイミダゾール(pH8)で洗浄する。次いで、精製したHPTPβ細胞外ドメインタンパク質(配列番号2)を、50mMのNaH2PO4、300mMのNaCl、250mMのイミダゾール(pH8)中で、200μL/溶出の6つの画分に溶出する。画分は、還元−変性SDSポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動を用いてタンパク質含量を分析し、銀染色(インビトロゲン(Invitrogen))により検出し、質量分析により確認する。
結果:HPTPβの細胞外ドメインに対する抗体を展開するための、6−Hisタグ付きHPTPβ細胞外ドメインタンパク質(図1、パネルA)を発現させるための発現ベクターが展開される。その後、6−Hisタグ付きHPTPβ細胞外ドメインタンパク質を、発現ベクターで形質移入したHEK293の培養馴化培地から精製し、ほぼ均一な状態にする(図1、パネルB)。
方法:HPTPβ細胞外ドメイン免疫原を作製するために、精製HPTPβ細胞外ドメイン−6Hisタンパク質を、EDCカップリング化学を用いてブタチログロブリン(シグマ(Sigma))に結合させる(ホックフィールドS.(Hockfield, S.)ら(1993年)『免疫細胞化学(Immunocytochemistry)』第1巻、111〜201ページ(コールド・スプリング・ハーバー・ラボラトリー・プレス(Cold Spring Habor Laboratory Press)))。得られたHPTPβ細胞外ドメイン−チログロブリン複合体を、PBS(pH7.4)で透析する。成体Balb/cマウスを、次いで、複合体(100〜200μg)及びフロイント完全アジュバントの1:1混合物で皮下免疫する。2〜3週間後、マウスに、フロイント不完全アジュバントと複合物の1:1混合物を腹腔又は皮下注射する。注射を4〜6週間繰り返す。3度目の注射の7日後、マウスから血清を収集し、ELISA及びウエスタンブロッティングにより、HPTPβ細胞外ドメイン抗原に対する免疫反応性を分析する。抗原に対して良好な応答を示すマウスには、50mLの精製HPTPβ細胞外ドメインタンパク質とミョウバン水酸化物の1:1混合物を、31ゲージ超長針(31 gauge extra long needle)を用いて、単回脾臓内投与により追加免役する(ゴーディング(Goding)J.W.(1996年)『モノクローナル抗体:その原理及び実施(Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practices)』第3版、アカデミック・プレス社(Academic Press Limited.)145ページ)。簡潔に言うと、2.5%アベルティン(avertin)でマウスに麻酔をかけ、皮膚を1cm切開し、斜筋体壁(oblique body wall)を残す。長手方向注射で、脾臓の後部から前部へ針を挿入することにより、抗原混合物を投与する。体壁を縫合し、皮膚を2つの小さな金属クリップで塞ぐ。マウスが安全に回復するのを監視する。手術の4日後、マウスの脾臓を取り出し、ハイブリドーマ細胞株の作製のために、マウスの骨髄腫細胞と融合させるために単一細胞懸濁液を作製する(スピッツ(Spitz),M.(1986年)『メソッズ・イン・エンザイモロジー(Methods In Enzymology)』第121巻(ジョン.J,ラゴン(John J, Lagone)及びヘレン・ヴァン・ヴナキス(Helen Van Vunakis)編、33〜41頁(アカデミック・プレス(Academic Press)ニューヨーク州ニューヨーク))。得られるハイブリドーマを、15%ウシ胎児血清(ハイクローン(Hyclone))及びヒポキサンチン(hypoxathine)、アミノプテリン及びチミジンを添加したダルベッコ修飾培地(ギブコ(Gibco))で培養する。
結果:HPTPβ細胞外ドメインタンパク質に対して免疫反応性である5種のモノクローナル抗体を単離し、R15E6、R12A7、R3A2、R11C3、R15G2及びR5A8と命名した。
A.R15E6は、免疫沈降及びウエスタンブロットにより示されるように、内因性HPTPβに結合する。
材料:ヒト臍静脈内皮細胞(HUVEC)、EGM培地、及びキャンブレックス(Cambrex)製トリプシン中和溶液;OPTIMEM I(ギブコ)、ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA;サンタクルーズ(Santa Cruz))、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS;ギブコ)、アンジオポエチン1(Ang1)を含む増殖因子、血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)及び線維芽細胞増殖因子(FGF)(R&Dシステムズ)、Tie2モノクローナル抗体(デューク大学(Duke University)/P&GP)、VEGF受容体2(VEGFR2)ポリクローナル抗体(ホイッティカー(Whitaker)ら)、プロテインA/Gアガロース(サンタクルーズ)、トリス−グリシンプレキャストゲル(Tris-Glycine pre-cast gel)電気泳動/転写系(6〜8%)(インビトロゲン)、PVDFメンブレン(インビトロゲン)、溶解バッファ(lysis buffer)(20mm Tris−HCl、137mm NaCl、10%グリセロール、1%トリトン−X−100、2mM EDTA、1mMNaOV、1mMNaF、1mMPMSF、1μg/mLロイペプチン、1μg/mLペプスタチン)。
方法:HUVECを、抗体(OPTIMEM中)とともに又はOPTIMEM I単独で30分間前処理する。前処理の除去後、細胞を、PBS+0.2% BSA中でAng1(100ng/mL)とともに6分間処理し、溶解バッファに溶解する。溶解物をトリス−グリシンゲル上に直接流す、又は、2〜5μg/mLのTie−2抗体若しくは10μg/mLのR15E6抗体及びプロテインA/Gアガロースで免疫沈降する。免疫沈降した試料を、1×溶解バッファでリンスし、1×試料バッファで5分間煮沸する。試料をトリス−グリシンゲル上で分離し、PVDFメンブレンに転写し、指標抗体(indicated antibody)(pTYR Ab(PY99、サンタクルーズ)、Tie−2、VEGFR2及び/又はR15E6)を使用して、ウエスタンブロットにより検出する。
結果:IP/ウエスタンブロッティングにより、R15E6は、HPTPβの大きさに一致する主要な、高分子量バンドを認識する(図2、パネルA、レーン2)。強度の低い、低分子量バンドは、恐らくHPTPβのあまりグリコシル化されていない前駆体を表す。対照である非免疫IgGの免疫沈降(IP)では、HPTPβの分子量範囲にバンドは見られず(図2、パネルA、レーン1)、混合Tie2/VEGFR2のIPでは、期待された分子量のバンドが見られた(図2、パネルA、レーン3)。この結果は、R15E6がHPTPβを認識し、それに特異的であることを示す。
材料:HUVEC、EGM培地、及びキャンブレックス製トリプシン中和溶液;モレキュラー・プローブス(Molecular Probes)製二次アレックスフルーア(Alexfluor)488タグ付き抗体;ハンクス平衡塩類溶液(ギブコ);ベクトン・ディッケンソン(Becton Dickenson)製FACSCANフローサイトメーター及びセルクエスト(CellQuest)ソフトウェア。
方法:HUVECをトリプシン処理し、トリプシン中和溶液で処理し、HBSSでリンスする。R15E6抗体(0.6μg)を50mLのHBSS中の250,000細胞に添加し、氷上で20分間インキュベートする。細胞を1mLのHBSSでリンスし、続いて、2μgの蛍光複合二次抗体を氷上で20分間添加する。細胞をリンスし、1mLのHBSSに再懸濁し、次いで、セルクエスト・ソフトウェアを備えるFACSCANフローサイトメーターで分析する。対照細胞を、蛍光複合二次抗体のみで処理する。
結果:FACS分析により、インタクトなHUVEC、R15E6は、二次抗体のみに比べて、蛍光シグナルの大きな変化(>90%の細胞)を引き起こした(図2、パネルB)。この結果は、R15E6が、インタクトな内皮細胞の表面上にある内因性HPTPβに結合することを示す。
A.R15E6は、Tie2のリガンドであるアンジオポエチン1(Ang1)の非存在下及び存在下で、Tie2のリン酸化を亢進する。
方法:HUVECを、種々の濃度のR15E6の存在下又は非存在下で、Ang1を添加して又は添加せずに、上述のように無血清培地で培養する。溶解物を調製し、Tie2抗体で免疫沈降し、ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動で分離し、PVDFメンブレンに転写する。メンブレンに結合した、免疫沈降したタンパク質を、次いで、抗ホスホチロシン抗体で連続的にウエスタンブロットし、Tie2のリン酸化、続いてTie2抗体を定量化し、合計Tie2を定量化する。Tie2のリン酸化は、合計Tie2シグナルに比較した抗ホスホチロシンシグナルの比として表される。
結果:R15E6は、Ang1の非存在下及び存在下の両方でTie2のリン酸化を亢進する(図3)。この結果は、内皮細胞の表面上でのR15E6のHPTPβへの結合が、リガンドの非存在下又は存在下でTie2の活性化を亢進する、その生物学的機能を調節することを示す。
材料:HUVEC、EGM培地、及びキャンブレックス製トリプシン中和溶液;DMEM(セルグロ(Cell Gro))、脱脂質化(Delipidized)BSA(BDファルコン(BD Falcon)、セルタイターグロ(Cell Titer Glo)ATPアッセイ(プロメガ(Promega)、増殖因子(Ang1、VEGF165及びFGF)(R&Dシステムズ)、ビクターVマルチラベルプレートリーダー(Victor V Multilabel plate reader)(パーキンエルマーウォレス(Perkin Elmer Wallac)。
方法:HUVECを、10,000細胞/穴にプレーティングし、DMEM/0.2% BSA中の血清を欠乏させ、増殖因子(Ang1、VEGF又はFGF)の存在下又は非存在下で、種々の濃度のR15E6抗体あり又はなしで72時間処理する。72時間後、細胞をDMEMでリンスし、生存細胞を、メーカーの説明書(プロメガ)に従って、セルタイターグロ蛍光アッセイを用いてATP濃度を測定することにより定量化する。
結果:Tie2活性化アッセイの結果と一致し、R15E6は0.5〜5nMの濃度で添加した増殖因子の非存在下で内皮細胞の生存を亢進する。同様に、R15E6は、Ang1仲介内皮細胞生存(図4、パネルA)、並びに、VEGF及びFGFにより仲介される生存(図4、パネルB及びC)を亢進する。対照モノクローナル抗体では、生存亢進は見られなかった(図4、パネルD)。これらの結果は、内皮細胞表面上でHPTPβに結合するR15E6は、基準の内皮細胞生存、及び、複数の血管新生経路(Ang1、VEGF及びFGF)により仲介される生存を亢進することを示す。
材料:HUVEC、EGM培地、及びキャンブレックス製トリプシン中和溶液;EBMフェノールレッドフリー(phenol red free)(PRF−EBM、キャンブレックス)、脱脂質化BSA(BDファルコン)、BDファルコンバイオコート内皮細胞遊走系(BDファルコン)、カルセイン(Calcein)AM(モレキュラー・プローブス);増殖因子(VEGF165)(R&Dシステムズ)、ビクターVマルチラベルプレートリーダー(パーキンエルマーウォレス)。
方法:HUVECをPRF−EBM+0.1% BSAに再懸濁し、50,000細胞/トランスウェル(BDバイオサイエンス、孔経3μm)でプレーティングする。増殖因子/R15E6を、トランスウェルチャンバのボトムウェルに定置し、4〜22時間インキュベートする。膜を通過する細胞遊走を、4μg/mLの90’用カルセインAMで標識することにより検出する。蛍光は、ビクターV機器を用いて測定する(485/535)。
結果:生存研究の結果と一致し、R15E6は、基準線及びVEGF仲介内皮細胞遊走の双方を亢進する(図5)。
材料:HUVEC及びキャンブレックス製EGM培地;シグマ(Sigma)製サイトデックスビーズ(Cytodex beads)及びI型コラーゲン;ギブコ製ダルベッコPBS及びM199培地;R&D製VEGF。
方法:HUVECパッセージ(passage)4(2×106細胞)を、時々回旋させながら48時間、100mmの非組織培養処理した細菌ディッシュ(bacteriological dish)内の10mLEGMで、5mgのサイトデックスビーズとともに培養する。細胞でコーティングしたビーズを、50mLのコニカルチューブに移し、380μLのD−PBSに再懸濁する。71.4mLの細胞でコーティングしたビーズを、2.8mLの、0.005NのNaOH、20mMのHEPES及び26mMのNaHCO3を追加したM199培地中の3mg/mLコラーゲンからなるマトリクス溶液に添加することにより、コラーゲンゲルを調製する。30及び50mLのビーズを、24穴組織培養プレートに分配し、マトリクスを、37℃/5%CO2で1時間固化させる。1穴当たり、VEGF(10ng/mL)又はR15E6(7.5μg/mL)を含む又は含まない1mLのEGM培地を添加し、インキュベータに戻す。48時間後、盲検観察者が、位相差顕微鏡で出芽を可視化し、3組の穴で、1穴当たり50ビーズについて、内皮細胞の出芽の存在を観察する。結果は、ビーズ当たりの出芽数として表される。
結果:他のアッセイの結果と一致し、R15E6はまた、内皮ビーズ出芽アッセイで基準線及びVEGF仲介毛細管形態形成を亢進する(図6)。
A.組み換えc末端切断変異体及びマウス/ヒトキメラタンパク質のウエスタンブロット解析は、エピトープに結合するR15E6がHPTPβ細胞外ドメインのN末端FN3反復に存在することを示す。
方法:HEK293細胞は、望ましいHPTPβ切断変異体又はマウス/ヒトキメラをコードする発現ベクターで形質移入する。次いで、形質移入した細胞を、望ましいHPTPβ細胞外ドメインを含有する培養上清を回収し、将来の使用のために保存した又は即時にウエスタンブロット又はECL(以下を参照のこと)研究に用いるために用いた後、OptiMEMでさらに24時間インキュベートする。ウエスタンブロット解析では、望ましいHPTPβタンパク質を含有する、又は組み換えタンパク質を含有しない(偽の空ベクターを形質移入した)20μLの培養上清をPAGEで分離し、PVDFメンブレンに転写し、R15E6でプロープする。
結果:ウエスタンブロット解析により、R15E6は、全てのHPTPβC末端欠失変異体に結合し(図7A)、これは結合エピトープが最初の2つのN末端FN3反復内に存在することを示す。R15E6がマウスのHPTPβ(配列番号7)細胞外ドメインに結合しないことは、ヒトタンパク質に対する特異性を示す(図7B、レーン6対レーン2)。マウスの第一又は第一及び第二N末端FN3反復をヒト配列と置換すると、R15E6の結合が回復する(図7B、レーン3及び5)。逆に、マウスの第二FN3反復のみをヒト配列に置換しても、結合を回復させることはできない(図7B、レーン4)。総合すると、これらの知見は、R15E6の結合エピトープがヒトHPTPβのN末端FN3反復(〜100アミノ酸)に局在することを示す。
方法:望ましいHPTPβタンパク質を含有する上清を、96穴高結合MSD(メソスケールディスカバリー(Meso Scale Discovery))プレート上にコーティングし、乾燥させ、3%BSAで1時間ブロックする。次いで、タンパク質をR15E6モノクローナル抗体又はR15E6Fab断片(10nM又は1.5μg/mL)とともに1時間インキュベートし、リンスし、MSDタグで標識したヤギ抗マウス抗体(10nM)とともに1時間インキュベートする。過剰な抗体を洗い流し、MSDリードバッファを添加する。発光を、セクター2400リーダー(Sector 2400 reader)(MSD)を用いて測定する。MSDは、電気化学発光検出を利用し、模様付きアレイ(patterned array)上の結合現象を検出する。メソスケールディスカバリー技術は、プレートの底部に電極を組み込んだ、独占権下にあるマルチアレイ(MULTI-ARRAY)(商標)及びマルチスポット(商標)マイクロプレートを使用する。炭素及び生物学的試薬で製造されたMSDの電極は、受動的吸着により単純に炭素に付着し、生物活性を高水準に保持することができる。MSDアッセイは、超高感度検出のために電気化学発光標識を使用する。これらの電気化学発光標識は、電気化学的刺激を受けた時に光を放つ。検出プロセスは、MSDマイクロプレートの底部に位置する組み込み電極で開始され、電極付近の標識のみが励起され、620nmで光が検出される。
結果:ウエスタンブロット研究に一致し、R15E6はMSD分析によりHPTPβC末端切断タンパク質の全てに結合する(図8A)。またウエスタンブロットに一致し、R15E6はマウスHPTPβ細胞外ドメインに結合しないが、マウスN末端FN3反復をヒトN末端FN3ドメインに置換することにより結合は回復する(図8B)。これらのデータにより、R15E6の結合エピトープは、ヒトHPTPβのN末端FN3反復に存在することが確認された。予期されたように、単量体R15E6Fab断片の結合エピトープはまた、ヒトHPTPβのN末端の大部分のFN3反復にマッピングされる(図9)。
方法:Tie2の活性化、並びに、内皮細胞の生存及び遊走アッセイは、上述の実施例4のように実施する。単量体R15E6Fab断片は、上述のように調製する。精製R15E6を、2mMEDTA及び1mMジチオトレイトールを含有する0.1Mトリス−HCL(pH8.0)で透析する。1〜2mg/mLのパパイン(ピアース(Pierce))を、37℃で15分間、上述のバッファ中で活性化する。10mg/mLのR15E6を、1:100の比の酵素:基質を用いて同一バッファ内でパパインとともに、37℃で1時間インキュベートする。分解は、ヨードアセトアミド(最終濃度20mM、氷上で1時間保持され、光から保護されている)の添加により終了する。パパイン分解物質を、リン酸緩衝食塩水で一晩透析し、ヨードアセトアミドを除去する。分解の程度は、γ重鎖(分子量9.1329E−17Eg(55,000kDa))が消失、γのFc断片(分子量4.4834E−17g(27,000kDa))及び軽鎖(分子量3.6532E−17g〜4.1513E−17g(22,000〜25,000kDa))が出現するSDS−PAGEにより監視する。
結果:インタクトなR15E6抗体とは異なり、Fab断片はTie2の活性化を亢進しない(図10)。さらに、過剰なFab断片の存在下で、R15E6仲介Tie2活性化はブロックされる(図10)。驚くべきことに、R15E6Fab断片は、対照Fabに比べて内皮細胞の生存を著しく阻害し(図11A)、この効果はインタクトなR15E6の添加により回復する(図11B)。内皮細胞生存における負の効果と一致し、R15E6FabはまたVEGF仲介内皮細胞遊走をブロックする(図12)。これらの知見は、インタクトな二量体R15E6が、血管新生シグナル伝達の亢進に必要であり、単量体R15E6はこれらの作用をブロックし、実際に血管新生内皮細胞応答に対する負の効果を有する。
Claims (21)
- ヒトタンパク質チロシンホスファターゼβ(HPTPβ)に結合する単離した抗体又はその抗原結合断片であって、前記抗体又はその抗原結合断片は血管新生を調節し、前記抗体又はその抗原結合断片はモノクローナル抗体又はその抗原結合断片であり、前記抗体はハイブリドーマ細胞株ATCC番号PTA−7580により産生され、前記モノクローナル抗体の抗原結合断片はハイブリドーマ細胞株ATCC番号PTA−7580により産生される抗体又はその抗原結合断片。
- 前記抗体又はその抗原結合断片が、前記HPTPβのN末端部分に結合する、請求項1に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合断片。
- 前記抗体又はその抗原結合断片が、前記HPTPβの第一FN3反復に結合する、請求項2に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合断片。
- 前記HPTPβの前記第一FN3反復が、配列番号11に示す配列又はその断片を有する、請求項3に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合断片。
- 前記抗体又は前記のその抗原結合断片がヒト化された、請求項1に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合断片。
- ハイブリドーマ細胞株ATCC番号PTA−7580により産生されるモノクローナル抗体由来の抗原結合領域残基を含み、ヒト化された、請求項1に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合断片。
- 前記断片がH鎖可変領域及びL鎖可変領域を含む、請求項5に記載の抗原結合断片。
- 前記抗原結合断片が、Fv断片、Fab断片、Fab’断片及びF(ab’)2断片からなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の抗原結合断片。
- ハイブリドーマ細胞株ATCC番号PTA−7580により産生されるモノクローナル抗体。
- 血管新生の調節に関与するTie−2シグナル伝達を増強するための、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の単離した抗体を含む医薬組成物。
- 内皮細胞の遊走を促進するための、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の単離した抗体を含む医薬組成物。
- 内皮細胞の生存を促進するための、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の単離した抗体を含む医薬組成物。
- 血管新生の調節に関与するTie−2シグナル伝達を増加するための医薬の製造のための、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の単離した抗体の使用。
- 内皮細胞の遊走を促進するための医薬の製造のための、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の単離した抗体の使用。
- 内皮細胞の生存を促進するための医薬の製造のための、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の単離した抗体の使用。
- 血管新生の調節に関与するTie−2シグナル伝達を低下するための、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の単離した抗原結合断片を含む医薬組成物であって、前記単離した抗原結合断片がR15E6Fab断片である医薬組成物。
- 内皮細胞の遊走を低下させるための、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の単離した抗原結合断片を含む医薬組成物であって、前記単離した抗原結合断片がR15E6Fab断片である医薬組成物。
- 内皮細胞の生存を低下させるための、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の単離した抗原結合断片を含む医薬組成物であって、前記単離した抗原結合断片がR15E6Fab断片である医薬組成物。
- 血管新生の調節に関与するTie−2シグナル伝達を低下するための医薬の製造のための、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の単離した抗原結合断片の使用であって、前記単離した抗原結合断片がR15E6Fab断片である使用。
- 内皮細胞の遊走を低下させるための医薬の製造のための、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の単離した抗原結合断片の使用であって、前記単離した抗原結合断片がR15E6Fab断片である使用。
- 内皮細胞の生存を低下させるための医薬の製造のための、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の単離した抗原結合断片の使用であって、前記単離した抗原結合断片がR15E6Fab断片である使用。
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