JP5132128B2 - WC−Coをチタン合金にロウ付けするための金/ニッケル/銅/アルミニウム/銀ロウ付け合金 - Google Patents
WC−Coをチタン合金にロウ付けするための金/ニッケル/銅/アルミニウム/銀ロウ付け合金 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5132128B2 JP5132128B2 JP2006306460A JP2006306460A JP5132128B2 JP 5132128 B2 JP5132128 B2 JP 5132128B2 JP 2006306460 A JP2006306460 A JP 2006306460A JP 2006306460 A JP2006306460 A JP 2006306460A JP 5132128 B2 JP5132128 B2 JP 5132128B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- brazing
- weight
- copper
- alloy
- nickel
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
- C22C5/08—Alloys based on silver with copper as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0233—Sheets, foils
- B23K35/0238—Sheets, foils layered
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3006—Ag as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12181—Composite powder [e.g., coated, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12222—Shaped configuration for melting [e.g., package, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12576—Boride, carbide or nitride component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12882—Cu-base component alternative to Ag-, Au-, or Ni-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12896—Ag-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
- Y10T428/1291—Next to Co-, Cu-, or Ni-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12931—Co-, Fe-, or Ni-base components, alternative to each other
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Description
ロウ付け材料は、金/銅/ニッケル箔の層と銀/アルミニウム箔の層との間に挟んだ銅箔を用いて調製される。各層の厚さは、得られた層状材料が該層状材料の全重量に対して約25.3重量%の金、約5.6重量%のニッケル、約46.1重量%の銅、約1.1重量%のアルミニウム及び約21.9重量%の銀を含むように選択される。得られた層状材料は、約927℃のロウ付け温度を有する。
ロウ付け材料は、金/銅/ニッケル箔の層と銀/アルミニウム箔の層との間に挟んだ銅箔を用いて調製される。各層の厚さは、得られた層状材料が該層状材料の全重量に対して約4重量%の金、約13.3重量%のニッケル、約27.6重量%の銅、約2.7重量%のアルミニウム及び約52.4重量%の銀を含むように選択される。得られた層状材料は、約921℃ロウ付け温度を有する。
ロウ付け材料は、金/銅/ニッケル箔の層と銀/アルミニウム箔の層との間に挟んだ銅箔を用いて調製される。各層の厚さは、得られた層状材料が該層状材料の全重量に対して約2.2重量%の金、約7.3重量%のニッケル、約60.3重量%の銅、約1.5重量%のアルミニウム及び約28.7重量%の銀を含むように選択される。得られた層状材料は、約921℃のロウ付け温度を有する。
実施例1の層状材料は、丸めかつWC−Co(2〜10重量%のコバルト)カーボロイパッドとチタン合金(90重量%のTi、6重量%のAl及び4重量%のV)スパン中央シュラウドとの間に配置し、組立体は、真空(約10−4トル)の下で約10分間の誘導加熱によって約954℃の温度まで昇温させる。組立体を冷却させた後に、ロウ付け接合部は、約470KHNの硬度を有する。
実施例5
実施例3の層状材料は、丸めかつWC−Co(2〜10重量%のコバルト)カーボロイパッドとチタン合金(90重量%のTi、6重量%のAl及び4重量%のV)スパン中央シュラウドとの間に配置し、組立体は、真空(約10−4トル)の下で約10分間の誘導加熱によって約954℃の温度まで昇温させる。組立体を冷却させた後に、ロウ付け接合部は、約495KHNの硬度を有する。
Claims (10)
- 2〜30質量%の金と、4〜14質量%のニッケルと、25〜65質量%の銅と、1〜3質量%のアルミニウムと、20〜55質量%の銀とからなるロウ付け材料。
- 層状形態になった、請求項1記載のロウ付け材料。
- 前記層状形態が、銅の少なくとも1つの層、金/銅/ニッケル合金の少なくとも1つの層及び銀/アルミニウム合金の少なくとも1つの層を含む、請求項2記載のロウ付け材料。
- 前記層状形態が、金/銅/ニッケル合金の少なくとも1つの層を含む、請求項2記載のロウ付け材料。
- 前記層状形態が、銀/アルミニウム合金の少なくとも1つの層を含む、請求項2記載のロウ付け材料。
- 該材料が、871〜954℃のロウ付け温度及び450〜550KHNのロウ付け後硬度を有するように選択された組成を有する、請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか1項記載のロウ付け材料。
- 該材料が、タングステンカーバイド−コバルト材料をチタン合金にロウ付けするためのロウ付け合金である、請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか1項記載のロウ付け材料。
- 25.3質量%の金、5.6質量%のニッケル、46.1質量%の銅、1.1質量%のアルミニウム及び21.9質量%の銀の組成を有する、請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか1項記載のロウ付け材料。
- 4質量%の金、13.3質量%のニッケル、27.6質量%の銅、2.7質量%のアルミニウム及び52.4質量%の銀の組成を有する、請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか1項記載のロウ付け材料。
- 2.2質量%の金、7.3質量%のニッケル、60.3質量%の銅、1.5質量%のアルミニウム及び28.7質量%の銀の組成を有する、請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか1項記載のロウ付け材料。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/272,981 | 2005-11-14 | ||
US11/272,981 US7293688B2 (en) | 2005-11-14 | 2005-11-14 | Gold/nickel/copper/aluminum/silver brazing alloys for brazing WC-Co to titanium alloys |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2007136551A JP2007136551A (ja) | 2007-06-07 |
JP5132128B2 true JP5132128B2 (ja) | 2013-01-30 |
Family
ID=37708470
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006306460A Expired - Fee Related JP5132128B2 (ja) | 2005-11-14 | 2006-11-13 | WC−Coをチタン合金にロウ付けするための金/ニッケル/銅/アルミニウム/銀ロウ付け合金 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7293688B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1785216B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5132128B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602006014919D1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (16)
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US20090011276A1 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2009-01-08 | Kazim Ozbaysal | Silver/aluminum/copper/titanium nickel/brazing alloys for brazing wc-co to titanium and alloys thereof, brazing methods, and brazed articles |
US7293688B2 (en) * | 2005-11-14 | 2007-11-13 | General Electric Company | Gold/nickel/copper/aluminum/silver brazing alloys for brazing WC-Co to titanium alloys |
US20090068446A1 (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2009-03-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Layered structures with integral brazing materials |
JP5157864B2 (ja) * | 2008-01-23 | 2013-03-06 | 日立電線株式会社 | ろう付け用クラッド材及びろう付け製品 |
IT1396884B1 (it) * | 2009-12-15 | 2012-12-20 | Nuovo Pignone Spa | Inserti in carburo di tungsteno e metodo |
US10076811B2 (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2018-09-18 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Structural braze repair of superalloy component |
US20140241897A1 (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2014-08-28 | United Technologies Corporation | Aluminum brazing of hollow titanium fan blades |
US8640942B1 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2014-02-04 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Repair of superalloy component |
EP2971563A2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-01-20 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Component repair using brazed surface textured superalloy foil |
US10279438B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-05-07 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Presintered preform for repair of superalloy component |
US9458725B2 (en) * | 2013-10-04 | 2016-10-04 | General Electric Company | Method and system for providing cooling for turbine components |
US9511436B2 (en) | 2013-11-08 | 2016-12-06 | General Electric Company | Composite composition for turbine blade tips, related articles, and methods |
US11344977B2 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2022-05-31 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Structural braze for superalloy material |
CN110977071B (zh) * | 2019-11-18 | 2022-02-25 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | 一种低压转子叶片减震凸台钎焊耐磨合金的方法 |
CN113953710B (zh) * | 2021-11-30 | 2023-06-09 | 郑州机械研究所有限公司 | 一种铝基钎料、药芯铝基钎料及其制备方法 |
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JPH04305071A (ja) | 1990-12-21 | 1992-10-28 | Tokai Univ | 接合方法 |
US5368220A (en) * | 1992-08-04 | 1994-11-29 | Morgan Crucible Company Plc | Sealed conductive active alloy feedthroughs |
JPH08310877A (ja) | 1995-05-12 | 1996-11-26 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | セラミックス用ろう材 |
JP3625963B2 (ja) * | 1996-09-24 | 2005-03-02 | 日本フイルコン株式会社 | ステンレス成形体溶接用ろう材及びこのろう材を使用して溶接した製紙用ステンレス金網 |
JPH1099618A (ja) | 1996-09-30 | 1998-04-21 | Yamato Shokai:Kk | 浴槽水ろ過装置、及び浴槽水ろ過加熱装置 |
FR2791363B1 (fr) * | 1999-03-25 | 2003-09-26 | Kyocera Corp | Alliage d'argent et objet decoratif le contenant |
US6830780B2 (en) * | 1999-06-02 | 2004-12-14 | Morgan Chemical Products, Inc. | Methods for preparing brazeable metallizations for diamond components |
GB0023559D0 (en) | 2000-09-26 | 2000-11-08 | Cyrosystems Ltd | Method of joining surfaces |
US7074350B2 (en) | 2001-03-23 | 2006-07-11 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Brazing filler metal |
CN1116427C (zh) | 2001-04-26 | 2003-07-30 | 贵研铂业股份有限公司 | 乌铜及其着色方法 |
US7592077B2 (en) * | 2003-06-17 | 2009-09-22 | Kennametal Inc. | Coated cutting tool with brazed-in superhard blank |
US7293688B2 (en) * | 2005-11-14 | 2007-11-13 | General Electric Company | Gold/nickel/copper/aluminum/silver brazing alloys for brazing WC-Co to titanium alloys |
-
2005
- 2005-11-14 US US11/272,981 patent/US7293688B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-11-10 EP EP06123881A patent/EP1785216B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-11-10 DE DE602006014919T patent/DE602006014919D1/de active Active
- 2006-11-13 JP JP2006306460A patent/JP5132128B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-10-02 US US11/865,963 patent/US7867628B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20070108253A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 |
US20080020233A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
EP1785216A1 (en) | 2007-05-16 |
DE602006014919D1 (de) | 2010-07-29 |
US7293688B2 (en) | 2007-11-13 |
EP1785216B1 (en) | 2010-06-16 |
US7867628B2 (en) | 2011-01-11 |
JP2007136551A (ja) | 2007-06-07 |
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