JP5098790B2 - 有機圧電膜、それを用いた超音波振動子、その製造方法、超音波探触子及び超音波医用画像診断装置 - Google Patents
有機圧電膜、それを用いた超音波振動子、その製造方法、超音波探触子及び超音波医用画像診断装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5098790B2 JP5098790B2 JP2008122110A JP2008122110A JP5098790B2 JP 5098790 B2 JP5098790 B2 JP 5098790B2 JP 2008122110 A JP2008122110 A JP 2008122110A JP 2008122110 A JP2008122110 A JP 2008122110A JP 5098790 B2 JP5098790 B2 JP 5098790B2
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- TXVHTIQJNYSSKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[e]pyrene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C34 TXVHTIQJNYSSKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUQQUUXMCKXGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3-aminophenyl)methanone Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)=C1 TUQQUUXMCKXGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCZIRRKOANCKIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-amino-3,5-difluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(N)=C(F)C=C1C(=O)C1=CC(F)=C(N)C(F)=C1 SCZIRRKOANCKIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXGCDWGUESQAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-amino-3-ethyl-5-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound FC1=C(N)C(CC)=CC(C(=O)C=2C=C(CC)C(N)=C(F)C=2)=C1 RXGCDWGUESQAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXKYWKUZJSRMCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[3-chloro-4-(methylamino)phenyl]methanone Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(NC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(NC)C(Cl)=C1 NXKYWKUZJSRMCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- DNSISZSEWVHGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanamide Chemical group CCCC(N)=O DNSISZSEWVHGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006309 butyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004063 butyryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004218 chloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005578 chrysene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005583 coronene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006312 cyclopentyl amino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate Chemical compound C1CC(N=C=O)CCC1CC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QSACPWSIIRFHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylphenyl isocyanide Natural products CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C#N QSACPWSIIRFHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGAYZDNGCFSGLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane monoisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGAYZDNGCFSGLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- XHEDLZYGAQSNTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;hexanedioic acid Chemical compound C=C.C=C.OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O XHEDLZYGAQSNTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000031 ethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006125 ethylsulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003914 fluoranthenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C1=C23)* 0.000 description 1
- YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoren-9-one Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- DYDNPESBYVVLBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N formanilide Chemical compound O=CNC1=CC=CC=C1 DYDNPESBYVVLBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- PWSKHLMYTZNYKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptane-1,7-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCN PWSKHLMYTZNYKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALBYIUDWACNRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanamide Chemical group CCCCCC(N)=O ALBYIUDWACNRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003104 hexanoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003427 indacenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002540 isothiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M methacrylate group Chemical group C(C(=C)C)(=O)[O-] CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VHRYZQNGTZXDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacryloyl chloride Chemical compound CC(=C)C(Cl)=O VHRYZQNGTZXDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNQIVZYLYMDVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonimidic acid Chemical group CS(N)(=O)=O HNQIVZYLYMDVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000006261 methyl amino sulfonyl group Chemical group [H]N(C([H])([H])[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004458 methylaminocarbonyl group Chemical group [H]N(C(*)=O)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KMBPCQSCMCEPMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(3-aminopropyl)-n'-methylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NCCCN(C)CCCN KMBPCQSCMCEPMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGDFWLPESGYRJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-ethenylphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC(C=C)=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 LGDFWLPESGYRJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTBLDMQMUSHDEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,3-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(N)C(N)=CC2=C1 XTBLDMQMUSHDEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOGZBMRXLADNEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-diamine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C21 GOGZBMRXLADNEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBJPJUGOYJOSLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,7-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C21 HBJPJUGOYJOSLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
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- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNIVIMYXGGFTAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octodrine Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC(C)N QNIVIMYXGGFTAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003544 oxime group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005582 pentacene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005007 perfluorooctyl group Chemical group FC(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
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- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AFCAKJKUYFLYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutyltin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC AFCAKJKUYFLYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KTQYWNARBMKMCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KTQYWNARBMKMCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002813 thiocarbonyl group Chemical group *C(*)=S 0.000 description 1
- ZWZVWGITAAIFPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=S ZWZVWGITAAIFPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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Images
Landscapes
- Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Description
1.有機圧電材料を溶解した溶液を延伸することにより有機圧電膜を製造する有機圧電膜の製造方法において、保留粒子径が10ミクロン以下の濾過材を用いて、有機圧電材料を溶解した溶液の未溶解物を濾過した後、この濾液を延伸することを特徴とする有機圧電膜の製造方法。
2.濾水時間が20秒以上の濾過材を用いることを特徴とする前記1に記載の有機圧電膜の製造方法。
3.厚さが0.8mm以上の濾過材を用いることを特徴とする前記1又は2に記載の有機圧電膜の製造方法。
4.前記有機圧電材料を溶解した溶液の溶剤は、良溶媒と貧溶媒の混合比率が、良溶媒が99.9質量%以下80質量%以上であり、貧溶媒が0.1質量%以上20質量%以下であることを特徴とする前記1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の有機圧電膜の製造方法。
5.前記有機圧電材料が、ウレア構造を有する高分子材料、もしくはウレア構造を有する高分子材料を含有する複合材料であることを特徴とする前記1に記載の有機圧電膜の製造方法。
6.前記有機圧電材料が、ポリフッ化ビニリデンを主成分とする高分子材料、もしくはポリフッ化ビニリデンを主成分とする高分子材料を含有する複合材料であることを特徴とする前記1に記載の有機圧電膜の製造方法。
7.前記1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法によって製造されたことを特徴とする有機圧電膜。
8.前記7に記載の有機圧電膜を用いたことを特徴とする超音波振動子。
9.超音波送信用振動子と超音波受信用振動子を具備する超音波探触子であって、前記8に記載の超音波振動子を超音波受信用振動子として用いたことを特徴とする超音波探触子。
10.電気信号を発生する手段と、前記電気信号を受けて超音波を被検体に向けて送信し、前記被検体から受けた反射波に応じた受信信号を生成する複数の振動子が配置された超音波探触子と、前記超音波探触子が生成した前記受信信号に応じて、前記被検体の画像を生成する画像処理手段とを有する超音波医用画像診断装置において、前記超音波探触子として、前記9に記載の超音波探触子を用いたことを特徴とする超音波医用画像診断装置。
(有機圧電材料)
本発明の有機圧電材料は、2層以上の膜を同時に積層して形成されたことを特徴とするが、後述する有機高分子材料を好適に有機圧電材料とすることができる。また、当該有機高分子材料を用いて有機圧電材料を形成する際に、目的に応じて、微粒子や適当な他の材料と混合することもできる。
(微粒子)
本発明に係る微粒子としては、無機化合物または有機化合物が挙げられる。無機化合物としては、珪素を含む化合物、二酸化珪素、酸化アルミニウム、酸化ジルコニウム、炭酸カルシウム、タルク、クレイ、焼成カオリン、焼成ケイ酸カルシウム、水和ケイ酸カルシウム、ケイ酸アルミニウム、ケイ酸マグネシウム及びリン酸カルシウム等が好ましく、更に好ましくは、ケイ素を含む無機化合物や酸化ジルコニウムがある。本発明に係る二酸化珪素の微粒子としては、例えば、アエロジルR972、R974、R812、200、300、R202、OX50、TT600(以上日本アエロジル(株)製)、MEK−ST(日産化学(株)製)、OSCAL(触媒化成(株)製)等の商品名を有する市販品が使用できる。さらに、スメクタイトとしては、ルーセントタイトSWN、SAN、STN、SEN、SPN(コープケミカル(株))、ベンナイトとしては、エスベン、C、E、W、WX、N−400、NX、NX80、NZ、NZ70、NE、NEZ、NO12S、NO12等や、オルガナイト、D、T(以上(株)ホージュン製)等が挙げることができる。本発明に係る酸化ジルコニウムの微粒子としては、例えば、アエロジルR976及びR811(以上日本アエロジル(株)製)、QUEEN TITANIC(触媒化成(株)製)等の商品名で市販されているものが使用できる。
(調製方法A)
溶剤と微粒子を攪拌混合した後、分散機で分散を行う。これを微粒子分散液とする。微粒子分散液を有機圧電材料液に加えて攪拌する。
溶剤と微粒子を攪拌混合した後、分散機で分散を行う。これを微粒子分散液とする。別に溶剤に少量の有機圧電材料(例えばPVDF、ポリウレア樹脂)を加え、攪拌溶解する。これに前記微粒子分散液を加えて攪拌する。これを微粒子添加液とする。微粒子添加液をインラインミキサーで有機圧電材料液と十分混合する。
溶剤に少量の有機圧電材料(例えばPVDF、ポリウレア樹脂)を加え、攪拌溶解する。これに微粒子を加えて分散機で分散を行う。これを微粒子添加液とする。微粒子添加液をインラインミキサーで有機圧電材料液と十分混合する。
微粒子を溶剤などと混合して分散するときの微粒子の濃度は5〜30質量%が好ましく、10〜25質量%がさらに好ましく、15〜20質量%が最も好ましい。分散濃度は高い方が、添加量に対する液濁度は低くなる傾向があり、凝集物が現象するため好ましい。
〈有機圧電材料を構成する有機高分子材料〉
本発明の有機圧電材料の構成材料としての有機高分子材料(以下「高分子材料」ともいう。)としては、従来、圧電材料として用いられている種々の有機高分子材料を用いることができる。
好ましい例としては、前記一般式(1)〜(3)で表される化合物若しくはこれらの化合物の誘導体を挙げることができる。
一般式(1)で表される化合物としては、2,7−ジアミノフルオレン、2,7−ジアミノ−4,5−ジニトロフルオレン、2,7−ジアミノ−3,4,5,6−テトラクロロフルオレン、2,7−ジアミノ−3,6−ジフルオロフルオレン、2,7−ジアミノ−9−(n−ヘキシル)フルオレン、9,9−ジメチル−2,7−ジアミノフルオレン、2,7−ジアミノ−9−ベンジルフルオレン、9,9−ビスフェニル−2,7−ジアミノフルオレン、2,7−ジアミノ−9−メチルフルオレン、9,9−ビス(3,4−ジクロロフェニル)−2,7−ジアミノフルオレン、9,9−ビス(3−メチル−4−クロロフェニル)−2,7−ジアミノフルオレン、9,9−ビス(メチルオキシエチル)−2,7−ジアミノフルオレン、2,7−ジアミノ−3,6−ジメチル−9−アミノメチルフルオレン、などが挙げられるがこの限りではない。
一般式(2)で表される化合物としては、2,7−ジアミノ−9−フルオレンカルボン酸、2,7−ジアミノ−9−フルオレンカルボキシアルデヒド、2,7−ジアミノ−9−ヒドロキシフルオレン、2,7−ジアミノ−3,6−ジフルオロ−9−ヒドロキシフルオレン、2,7−ジアミノ−4,5−ジブロモ−9−メルカプトフルオレン、2,7,9−トリアミノフルオレン、2,7−ジアミノ−9−ヒドロキシメチルフルオレン、2,7−ジアミノ−9−(メチルオキシ)フルオレン、2,7−ジアミノ−9−アセトキシフルオレン、2,7−ジアミノ−3,6−ジエチル−9−(パーフルオロフェニルオキシ)フルオレン、2,7−ジアミノ−4,5−ジフルオロ−9−(アセトアミド)フルオレン、2,7−ジアミノ−N−イソプロピルフルオレン−9−カルボキシアミド、2,7−ジアミノ−4,5−ジブロモ−9−メチルスルフィニルフルオレン、などが挙げられるがこの限りではない。
一般式(3)で表される化合物としては、9,9−ジメチル−2,7−ジアミノフルオレノン、2,7−ジアミノ−9−ベンジルフルオレノン、9,9−ビスフェニル−2,7−ジアミノフルオレノン、2,7−ジアミノ−9−メチルフルオレノン、9,9−ビス(3,4−ジクロロフェニル)−2,7−ジアミノフルオレノン、9,9−ビス(3−メチル−4−クロロフェニル)−2,7−ジアミノフルオレノン、9−ヘキシリデン−2,7−ジアミノ−4,5−ジクロロフルオレン、1−(2,7−ジアミノ−9−フルオレニリデン)−2−フェニルヒドラジン、2−((2,7−ジアミノ−1,8−ジメチル−9−フルオレニリデン)メチル)ピリジン、などが挙げられるがこの限りではない。
一般式(4)で表される化合物で表される化合物としては、p−アセトキシスチレン、p−アセチルスチレン、p−ベンゾイルスチレン、p−トリフルオロアセチルスチレン、p−モノクロロアセチルスチレン、p−(パーフルオロブチリルオキシ)スチレン、p−(パーフルオロベンゾイルオキシ)スチレン、S−4−ビニルフェニルピリジン−2−カルボチオエート、及びN−(4−ビニルフェニル)ピコリナミド、などが挙げられるがこの限りではない。
一般式(5)で表される化合物としては、p−トリフルオロメチルスチレン、p−ジブロモメチルスチレン、p−トリフルオロメトキシスチレン、p−パーフルオロフェノキシスチレン、p−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)アミノスチレン、及びp−(1H−イミダゾリルオキシ)スチレン、などが挙げられるがこの限りではない。
一般式(6)で表される化合物としては、p−(メタンスルホニルオキシ)スチレン、p−(トリフルオロメタンスルホニルオキシ)スチレン、p−トルエンスルホニルスチレン、p−(パーフルオロプロピルスルホニルオキシ)スチレン、p−(パーフルオロベンゼンスルホニルオキシ)スチレン、及び(4−ビニルフェニル)ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)アミド、などが挙げられるがこの限りではない。
本発明においては、前記ウレア結合もしくはチオウレア結合を有する化合物が、分子量が400〜10,000であるマクロモノマーを原料として形成されたものであることも好ましい態様である。
装置 :HLC−8220GPC(東ソー(株)製)
カラム :TSKgel SuperAWM−H×2本(東ソー(株)製)
カラム温度:40℃
試料濃度 :1.0g/L
注入量 :40μl
流量 :0.5ml/min
校正曲線 :標準ポリスチレン:PS−1(Polymer Laboratories社製)Mw=580〜2,560,000までの9サンプルによる校正曲線を使用した。
マクロモノマーは、活性水素を有する化合物を出発原料とし、ポリイソ(チオ)シアネートと活性水素を有する化合物を交互に縮合させていく方法、ポリイソ(チオ)シアネートを出発原料とし、活性水素を有する化合物とポリイソ(チオ)シアネートを交互に縮合させていく方法で合成することができる。
〔合成例1:マクロモノマー(M−8)の合成〕
窒素雰囲気下、9H−フルオレン−2,7−ジイソシアネート 85.27gをTHF850mlに溶解し、0℃で2−クロロ−4,6−ジアミノ−1,3,5−トリアジン 5.0gをTHF50mlに溶解し、ゆっくりと滴下した。滴下終了後、0℃で1時間攪拌した後、室温で更に2時間攪拌を行った。反応溶液中の溶媒を減圧濃縮で2/3留去した後、酢酸エチル−ヘプタンの混合溶媒を用いて再沈し、上澄みをデカントで除去した後、減圧乾燥を行うことにより、マクロモノマー(M−8)を20.0g得た。1H−NMRにより、目的物であることを確認した。
ジエチルアミン40gとTHF50mlを混合し、THF50mlに溶解した9H−フルオレン−2,7−ジイソシアネート 20gを室温で滴下した。滴下終了後、室温で1時間攪拌した後、析出物をろ取し、THFで洗浄を行った。
窒素雰囲気下、9H−フルオレン−2,7−ジイソシアネート5.0gをTHF50mlに溶解し、0℃でTHF30mlに溶解した3−アミノプロパノール3.2gをゆっくりと滴下した。滴下終了後、0℃で1時間攪拌し、溶液(A)を得た。
〔合成例4:マクロモノマー(M−35)の合成〕
窒素雰囲気下、9H−フルオレン−2,7−ジイソシアネート5.0gをTHF50mlに溶解し、室温でTHF30mlに溶解した2−(2−アミノエトキシ)エタノール10.0gをゆっくりと滴下した。滴下終了後、室温で3時間攪拌した。残渣を濃縮後、再結晶を行うことにより、マクロモノマー(M−35)を9.2g得た。1H−NMRにより、目的物であることを確認した。
本発明で重合時に使用し得る溶媒としては、一般的に高分子材料合成に使用されている溶媒が使用でき、テトラヒドロフラン、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、酢酸エチル、塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、トルエン、ヘキサンなどを挙げることができるがこの限りではない。
本発明の有機圧電材料は、当該技術分野において従来公知の種々の方法を用いてできるが、本発明に係る微粒子を含む層を流延支持体に直接接するように流延することが、接着性の点で好ましいことが、我々の研究で明らかになった。
(製造工程)
本発明の有機圧電材料の製造方法を図1で示される工程図を参照しながら説明する。
残留溶媒量=(加熱処理前質量−加熱処理後の質量)/(加熱処理後質量)×100%
尚、残留溶媒量を測定する最の、加熱処理とは、有機圧電材料を100から200℃のいずれかの温度で1時間の加熱処理を行うことを表す。
(有機圧電膜)
本発明に係る有機圧電膜は、上記圧電材料を用いて、溶融法、流延法など従来公知の種々の方法で作製することができる。
(分極処理)
本発明に係る分極処理における分極処理方法としては、従来公知の直流電圧印加処理、交流電圧印加処理又はコロナ放電処理等の方法が適用され得る。
ここで、水蒸気を含む空気を「湿り空気」といい、湿り空気から水蒸気を除いた空気を「乾き空気(dry air)」という。
基板としては、本発明に係る有機圧電体膜の用途・使用方法等により基板の選択は異なる。本発明においては、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリイミドアミド、ポリエチレンテレフタラート(PET)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)、ポリメタクリル酸メチル(PMMA)、ポリカーボネート樹脂、シクロオレフィンポリマーのようなプラスチック板又はフィルムを用いることができる。また、これらの素材の表面をアルミニウム、金、銅、マグネシウム、珪素等で覆ったものでもよい。またアルミニウム、金、銅、マグネシウム、珪素単体、希土類のハロゲン化物の単結晶の板又はフィルムでもかまわない。また基板自体使用しないこともある。
本発明に係る超音波振動子は、本発明の有機圧電材料を用いて形成した有機圧電膜を用いたことを特徴とする。当該超音波振動子は、超音波送信用振動子と超音波送信用振動子を具備する超音波医用画像診断装置用探触子(プローブ)に用いられる超音波受信用振動子とすることが好ましい。
本発明に係る超音波受信用振動子は、超音波医用画像診断装置用探触子に用いられる超音波受信用圧電材料を有する振動子であって、それを構成する圧電材料が、本発明の有機圧電材料を用いて形成した有機圧電膜を用いた態様であることが好ましい。
本発明に係る超音波送信用振動子は、上記受信用圧電材料を有する振動子との関係で適切な比誘電率を有する圧電体材料により構成されることが好ましい。また、耐熱性・耐電圧性に優れた圧電材料を用いることが好ましい。
本発明に係る圧電(体)振動子は、圧電体膜(層)の両面上又は片面上に電極を形成し、その圧電体膜を分極処理することによって作製されるものである。有機圧電材料を使用した超音波受信用振動子を作製する際には、分極処理を行う際に使用した前記第1面の電極をそのまま使用してもよい。当該電極は、金(Au)、白金(Pt)、銀(Ag)、パラジウム(Pd)、銅(Cu)、ニッケル(Ni)、スズ(Sn)などを主体とした電極材料を用いて形成する。
本発明に係る超音波探触子は、超音波送信用振動子と超音波受信用振動子を具備する超音波医用画像診断装置用探触子(プローブ)であり、受信用振動子として、本発明に係る上記超音波受信用振動子を用いることを特徴とする。
本発明に係る上記超音波探触子は、種々の態様の超音波診断装置に用いることができる。例えば、図2及び図3に示すような超音波医用画像診断装置において好適に使用することができる。
(比較膜1〜3の作製)
4,4’−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートと2,7−ジアミノフルオレンの共重合体2kgとN−メチルピロリジノン18kgを密閉容器に入れ加熱、撹拌しながら完全に溶解した。上記溶液を捕捉粒子径12μm、濾水時間16秒、厚さ0.7mmの濾材でフィルタープレスを用いてろ過した後、ベルト流延装置を用い、150mm幅でステンレスバンド支持体上に均一に流延した。ステンレスバンド支持体上で剥離可能になるまで溶媒を蒸発させた後、ステンレスバンド支持体上から剥離した。剥離したフィルムを多数のロールを用いて乾燥ゾーンを通過させ110mm幅にスリットし、その後、ワイヤー電極を用い、5cm、10kVの直流コロナ放電処理を行い、比較膜1を作製した。比較膜2、3についても表1、2の条件のもと同様に作製した。
4,4’−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートと2,7−ジアミノフルオレンの共重合体2kgとN−メチルピロリジノン13.0kg、メタノール5.0kgを密閉容器に入れ加熱、撹拌しながら完全に溶解した。上記溶液を捕捉粒子径12μm、濾水時間21秒、厚さ1mmの濾材でフィルタープレスを用いてろ過した後、ベルト流延装置を用い、150mm幅でステンレスバンド支持体上に均一に流延した。ステンレスバンド支持体上で剥離可能になるまで溶媒を蒸発させた後、ステンレスバンド支持体上から剥離した。剥離したフィルムを多数のロールを用いて乾燥ゾーンを通過させ110mm幅にスリットし、その後、ワイヤー電極を用い、5cm、10kVの直流コロナ放電処理を行い、比較膜4を作製した。比較膜5についても表1、2の条件のもと同様に作製した。
4,4’−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートと2,7−ジアミノフルオレンの共重合体2kgとN−メチルピロリジノン18kgを密閉容器に入れ加熱、撹拌しながら完全に溶解した。上記溶液を捕捉粒子径9μm、濾水時間18秒、厚さ0.5mmの濾材でフィルタープレスを用いてろ過した後、ベルト流延装置を用い、150mm幅でステンレスバンド支持体上に均一に流延した。ステンレスバンド支持体上で剥離可能になるまで溶媒を蒸発させた後、ステンレスバンド支持体上から剥離した。剥離したフィルムを多数のロールを用いて乾燥ゾーンを通過させ110mm幅にスリットし、その後、ワイヤー電極を用い、5cm、10kVの直流コロナ放電処理を行い、有機圧電膜1を作製した。有機圧電膜2についても表1、2の条件のもと同様に作製した。
(有機圧電膜3〜10の作製)
4,4’−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートと2,7−ジアミノフルオレンの共重合体2kgとN−メチルピロリジノン15.0kg、メタノール3.0kgを密閉容器に入れ加熱、撹拌しながら完全に溶解した。上記溶液を捕捉粒子径9μm、濾水時間23秒、厚さ0.8mmの濾材でフィルタープレスを用いてろ過した後、ベルト流延装置を用い、150mm幅でステンレスバンド支持体上に均一に流延した。ステンレスバンド支持体上で剥離可能になるまで溶媒を蒸発させた後、ステンレスバンド支持体上から剥離した。剥離したフィルムを多数のロールを用いて乾燥ゾーンを通過させ110mm幅にスリットし、その後、ワイヤー電極を用い、5cm、10kVの直流コロナ放電処理を行い、有機圧電膜3を作製した。有機圧電膜4〜10についても表1、2の条件のもと同様に作製した。
得られた有機圧電膜1〜10、比較膜1〜5の両面にAl電極を作製し、Nano−R2/I2クローズドループ・リニアスキャナ搭載多機能AFM(PACIFIC NANOTECHNOLOGY社製)とFCE−1型強誘電体特性評価システム(東陽テクニカ社製)で圧電性を測定した。
1a 有機圧電材料液
2 粒子添加液タンク
2a 粒子添加液
3 添加剤液タンク
3a 添加剤液
4a、4b、4c、4d ポンプ
5a、5b インラインミキサー
6 スリットダイ
7 ドラム
8 流延ベルト
9 ローラ
10 有機圧電材料
P1 受信用圧電材料(膜)
P2 支持体
P3 送信用圧電材料(膜)
P4 バッキング層
P5 電極
P6 音響レンズ
S 超音波医用画像診断装置
S1 超音波医用画像診断装置の本体
S2 超音波探触子
S3 操作入力部
S4 表示部
Claims (10)
- 有機圧電材料を溶解した溶液を延伸することにより有機圧電膜を製造する有機圧電膜の製造方法において、保留粒子径が10ミクロン以下の濾過材を用いて、有機圧電材料を溶解した溶液の未溶解物を濾過した後、この濾液を延伸することを特徴とする有機圧電膜の製造方法。
- 濾水時間が20秒以上の濾過材を用いることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機圧電膜の製造方法。
- 厚さが0.8mm以上の濾過材を用いることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の有機圧電膜の製造方法。
- 前記有機圧電材料を溶解した溶液の溶剤は、良溶媒と貧溶媒の混合比率が、良溶媒が99.9質量%以下80質量%以上であり、貧溶媒が0.1質量%以上20質量%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の有機圧電膜の製造方法。
- 前記有機圧電材料が、ウレア構造を有する高分子材料、もしくはウレア構造を有する高分子材料を含有する複合材料であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機圧電膜の製造方法。
- 前記有機圧電材料が、ポリフッ化ビニリデンを主成分とする高分子材料、もしくはポリフッ化ビニリデンを主成分とする高分子材料を含有する複合材料であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機圧電膜の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法によって製造されたことを特徴とする有機圧電膜。
- 請求項7に記載の有機圧電膜を用いたことを特徴とする超音波振動子。
- 超音波送信用振動子と超音波受信用振動子を具備する超音波探触子であって、請求項8に記載の超音波振動子を超音波受信用振動子として用いたことを特徴とする超音波探触子。
- 電気信号を発生する手段と、前記電気信号を受けて超音波を被検体に向けて送信し、前記被検体から受けた反射波に応じた受信信号を生成する複数の振動子が配置された超音波探触子と、前記超音波探触子が生成した前記受信信号に応じて、前記被検体の画像を生成する画像処理手段とを有する超音波医用画像診断装置において、前記超音波探触子として、請求項9に記載の超音波探触子を用いたことを特徴とする超音波医用画像診断装置。
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US11260675B2 (en) | 2019-03-26 | 2022-03-01 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Liquid discharge apparatus and method for controlling liquid discharge apparatus |
WO2024144048A1 (ko) * | 2022-12-26 | 2024-07-04 | 한국기술교육대학교 산학협력단 | 이종의 용매를 이용한 압전필름의 제조방법 및 이를 통해 제조된 압전필름 |
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CN105683265B (zh) * | 2013-10-29 | 2018-10-12 | 大金工业株式会社 | 膜及其制造方法 |
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US11260675B2 (en) | 2019-03-26 | 2022-03-01 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Liquid discharge apparatus and method for controlling liquid discharge apparatus |
WO2024144048A1 (ko) * | 2022-12-26 | 2024-07-04 | 한국기술교육대학교 산학협력단 | 이종의 용매를 이용한 압전필름의 제조방법 및 이를 통해 제조된 압전필름 |
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