JP5021888B2 - 拡張型光検出器 - Google Patents
拡張型光検出器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5021888B2 JP5021888B2 JP2003564910A JP2003564910A JP5021888B2 JP 5021888 B2 JP5021888 B2 JP 5021888B2 JP 2003564910 A JP2003564910 A JP 2003564910A JP 2003564910 A JP2003564910 A JP 2003564910A JP 5021888 B2 JP5021888 B2 JP 5021888B2
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H01L31/101—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H01L31/102—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier
- H01L31/105—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier the potential barrier being of the PIN type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/075—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PIN type, e.g. amorphous silicon PIN solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/0304—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
- H01L31/03042—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds characterised by the doping material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H01L31/101—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H01L31/102—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H01L31/101—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H01L31/102—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier
- H01L31/103—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier the potential barrier being of the PN homojunction type
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/544—Solar cells from Group III-V materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/548—Amorphous silicon PV cells
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
Description
本発明の好ましい実施例では、光導電用のエピタキシャル構造を提供する。この光導電構造は、傾斜不純物濃度を持つ拡張層によって性能向上のために最適化される修正型PINダイオードである。本発明の構造および製造方法に関する詳細は後述する。
式(1)を表すグラフを図4に示す。
ここで、kはボルツマン定数、Tは温度、qは電子の電荷、dp/dxは不純物濃度の傾斜である。
Claims (16)
- 請求項1において更に、正孔を捕捉するアノード層を有する逆バイアス型光ダイオード。
- 請求項1において更に、電子を捕捉するカソード層を有する逆バイアス型光ダイオード。
- 請求項1において、第一のp型半導体層がInAlAsである逆バイアス型光ダイオード。
- 請求項1において、n型半導体層がInAlAsである逆バイアス型光ダイオード。
- 請求項1において、第二のp型半導体層がInGaAsである逆バイアス型光ダイオード。
- 請求項1において、前記深さDが800〜1000オングストロームである逆バイアス型光ダイオード。
- 請求項8において更に、正孔を捕捉するためのアノードを付加するステップを含む方法。
- 請求項8において更に、電子を捕捉するためのカソードを付加するステップを含む方法。
- 請求項8において、第一のp型半導体層がInAlAsである方法。
- 請求項8において、n型半導体層がInAlAsである方法。
- 請求項8において、第二のp型半導体層がInGaAsである方法。
- 請求項14において、第二のp型半導体層がIII−V族半導体である逆バイアス型光ダイオード。
- 請求項14において、第二のp型半導体層がInGaAsである逆バイアス型光ダイオード。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US35384902P | 2002-02-01 | 2002-02-01 | |
US60/353,849 | 2002-02-01 | ||
PCT/US2003/003181 WO2003065416A2 (en) | 2002-02-01 | 2003-02-03 | Enhanced photodetector |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2005516413A JP2005516413A (ja) | 2005-06-02 |
JP2005516413A5 JP2005516413A5 (ja) | 2006-03-23 |
JP5021888B2 true JP5021888B2 (ja) | 2012-09-12 |
Family
ID=27663260
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003564910A Expired - Lifetime JP5021888B2 (ja) | 2002-02-01 | 2003-02-03 | 拡張型光検出器 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7078741B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1470574B9 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5021888B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100766174B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100474634C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003212899A1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2474556C (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2616248T3 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1085841A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003065416A2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1470574B9 (en) | 2002-02-01 | 2017-04-12 | Picometrix, LLC | High speed pin photodiode with increased responsivity |
US7348607B2 (en) | 2002-02-01 | 2008-03-25 | Picometrix, Llc | Planar avalanche photodiode |
CN100541721C (zh) * | 2004-04-30 | 2009-09-16 | 派克米瑞斯有限责任公司 | 平面型雪崩光电二极管 |
JP4992446B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-24 | 2012-08-08 | ソニー株式会社 | 固体撮像装置及びその製造方法、並びにカメラ |
EP2466649A1 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2012-06-20 | Alcatel Lucent | A double-collector uni-travelling-carrier photodiode |
JP2015520950A (ja) * | 2012-05-17 | 2015-07-23 | ピコメトリクス、エルエルシー | 平面のアバランシェ・フォトダイオード |
EP2808908B1 (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2023-04-19 | Mellanox Technologies, Ltd. | High-speed photodetector |
US9786855B2 (en) | 2014-12-30 | 2017-10-10 | Indian Institute Of Technology Bombay | Micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) based wide-band polymer photo-detector |
CN105097964B (zh) * | 2015-07-21 | 2017-03-08 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | 一种有源区高斯掺杂型pπn紫外探测器 |
CN110880521A (zh) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-13 | 夏普株式会社 | 摄像面板及其制造方法 |
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FR2108781B1 (ja) * | 1970-10-05 | 1974-10-31 | Radiotechnique Compelec | |
US3926693A (en) * | 1974-04-29 | 1975-12-16 | Rca Corp | Method of making a double diffused trapatt diode |
FR2319980A1 (fr) * | 1975-07-28 | 1977-02-25 | Radiotechnique Compelec | Dispositif optoelectronique semi-conducteur reversible |
JPS5252593A (en) * | 1975-10-27 | 1977-04-27 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Semiconductor light receiving diode |
US4186355A (en) * | 1978-03-31 | 1980-01-29 | General Motors Corporation | Semiconductor diode laser with increased frequency tuning range |
US4236069A (en) * | 1978-10-16 | 1980-11-25 | Varo, Inc. | Avalanche photodiode gain control system |
JPH0824199B2 (ja) * | 1984-05-31 | 1996-03-06 | 富士通株式会社 | 半導体受光素子の製造方法 |
GB8417303D0 (en) * | 1984-07-06 | 1984-08-08 | Secr Defence | Infra-red detector |
US4686550A (en) * | 1984-12-04 | 1987-08-11 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Heterojunction semiconductor devices having a doping interface dipole |
US4597004A (en) * | 1985-03-04 | 1986-06-24 | Rca Corporation | Photodetector |
US4887134A (en) * | 1986-09-26 | 1989-12-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Semiconductor device having a semiconductor region in which either the conduction or valence band remains flat while bandgap is continuously graded |
US5146296A (en) * | 1987-12-03 | 1992-09-08 | Xsirius Photonics, Inc. | Devices for detecting and/or imaging single photoelectron |
US5179430A (en) * | 1988-05-24 | 1993-01-12 | Nec Corporation | Planar type heterojunction avalanche photodiode |
US5057892A (en) * | 1990-09-14 | 1991-10-15 | Xsirius Photonics, Inc. | Light responsive avalanche diode |
US5365077A (en) * | 1993-01-22 | 1994-11-15 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Gain-stable NPN heterojunction bipolar transistor |
JP2845081B2 (ja) * | 1993-04-07 | 1999-01-13 | 日本電気株式会社 | 半導体受光素子 |
JPH07254724A (ja) * | 1994-03-15 | 1995-10-03 | Toshiba Corp | X線検出器 |
JP2762939B2 (ja) * | 1994-03-22 | 1998-06-11 | 日本電気株式会社 | 超格子アバランシェフォトダイオード |
US5576559A (en) * | 1994-11-01 | 1996-11-19 | Intevac, Inc. | Heterojunction electron transfer device |
JP2601231B2 (ja) * | 1994-12-22 | 1997-04-16 | 日本電気株式会社 | 超格子アバランシェフォトダイオード |
US6326650B1 (en) * | 1995-08-03 | 2001-12-04 | Jeremy Allam | Method of forming a semiconductor structure |
GB9520324D0 (en) * | 1995-10-05 | 1995-12-06 | Secr Defence | Improved auger suppressed device |
US5818096A (en) * | 1996-04-05 | 1998-10-06 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corp. | Pin photodiode with improved frequency response and saturation output |
JP3687700B2 (ja) * | 1996-04-05 | 2005-08-24 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | フォトダイオード |
FR2758657B1 (fr) * | 1997-01-17 | 1999-04-09 | France Telecom | Photodetecteur metal-semiconducteur-metal |
JP3177962B2 (ja) * | 1998-05-08 | 2001-06-18 | 日本電気株式会社 | プレーナ型アバランシェフォトダイオード |
US6229161B1 (en) * | 1998-06-05 | 2001-05-08 | Stanford University | Semiconductor capacitively-coupled NDR device and its applications in high-density high-speed memories and in power switches |
US6359322B1 (en) * | 1999-04-15 | 2002-03-19 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Avalanche photodiode having edge breakdown suppression |
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JP2001267620A (ja) * | 2000-03-22 | 2001-09-28 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 半導体受光素子 |
US6495380B2 (en) * | 2000-12-11 | 2002-12-17 | Nortel Networks Limited | Epitaxially grown avalanche photodiode |
US7348607B2 (en) | 2002-02-01 | 2008-03-25 | Picometrix, Llc | Planar avalanche photodiode |
WO2003065417A2 (en) | 2002-02-01 | 2003-08-07 | Picometrix, Inc. | Charge controlled avalanche photodiode and method of making the same |
EP1470574B9 (en) | 2002-02-01 | 2017-04-12 | Picometrix, LLC | High speed pin photodiode with increased responsivity |
-
2003
- 2003-02-03 EP EP03708942.2A patent/EP1470574B9/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-03 CN CNB03803039XA patent/CN100474634C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-03 KR KR1020047011856A patent/KR100766174B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2003-02-03 US US10/502,109 patent/US7078741B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-03 WO PCT/US2003/003181 patent/WO2003065416A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-02-03 ES ES03708942.2T patent/ES2616248T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-03 JP JP2003564910A patent/JP5021888B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-03 AU AU2003212899A patent/AU2003212899A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-03 CA CA2474556A patent/CA2474556C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2006
- 2006-05-19 HK HK06105823.6A patent/HK1085841A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2003065416A2 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
ES2616248T3 (es) | 2017-06-12 |
EP1470574B1 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
KR100766174B1 (ko) | 2007-10-10 |
US7078741B2 (en) | 2006-07-18 |
HK1085841A1 (en) | 2006-09-01 |
CA2474556C (en) | 2014-10-07 |
EP1470574A4 (en) | 2011-02-16 |
WO2003065416A3 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
EP1470574B9 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
EP1470574A2 (en) | 2004-10-27 |
JP2005516413A (ja) | 2005-06-02 |
CN1701445A (zh) | 2005-11-23 |
CA2474556A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
US20050056861A1 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
AU2003212899A1 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
CN100474634C (zh) | 2009-04-01 |
KR20040097991A (ko) | 2004-11-18 |
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