JP4991742B2 - 多層の、予備延伸された弾性製品 - Google Patents
多層の、予備延伸された弾性製品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4991742B2 JP4991742B2 JP2008538147A JP2008538147A JP4991742B2 JP 4991742 B2 JP4991742 B2 JP 4991742B2 JP 2008538147 A JP2008538147 A JP 2008538147A JP 2008538147 A JP2008538147 A JP 2008538147A JP 4991742 B2 JP4991742 B2 JP 4991742B2
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Description
本出願は、35 USC第119条(e)の下、2005年10月26日出願の米国特許仮出願第60/730,338号の恩典を主張する。
A.(i)向かい合う第1および第2の平面と、(ii)低結晶質の弾性ポリマーを含むコア層、ならびに
B.各々が(i)向かい合う第1および第2の平面と、(ii)高結晶質ポリマーを含む、第1の外層および第2の外層を含み、該第1の外層の第2の平面すなわち底面が、コア層の第1の平面すなわち上面と密接に接触し、第2の外層の第1の平面すなわち上面が、コア層の底面または第2の平面と密接に接触している、
但し、(i)高結晶性ポリマーの融点が低結晶性ポリマーの融点よりも低い、または(ii)高結晶性ポリマーの融点が低結晶性ポリマーの融点よりも25℃以下である、予備延伸された多層フィルムである。1つのスキン層の高結晶性ポリマーは、他のスキン層の高結晶性ポリマーと同じであっても異なっていてもよい。コア層のポリマーはプロピレンコポリマーであり、スキン層のポリマーは通常ポリオレフィンであることが好ましい。通常、第1の外層および第2の外層のスキン層のポリマーは同じである。調製において、フィルムは、通常、その本来の長さまたは幅の少なくとも約50%の伸びまで、好ましくは少なくとも約100%まで、より好ましくは少なくとも約150%および300%まで、あるいはそれ以上、延伸または活性化される。
ポリマーの分子量および分子量分布は、4本の直線状の混合床カラム(Polymer Laboratories(粒径20μm))を備えたPolymer Laboratories PL−GPC−220高温クロマトグラフユニットでゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)を用いて決定される。オーブン温度は160℃であり、オートサンプラーのホットゾーンは160℃およびウォームゾーンは145℃である。溶媒は、200ppm 2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−4−メチルフェノールを含有する1,2,4−トリクロロベンゼンである。流速は1.0ミリリットル/分であり、注入規模は100マイクロリットルである。約0.2重量%溶液のサンプルは、窒素パージした、200ppm 2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−4−メチルフェノールを含有する1,2,4-トリクロロベンゼンに160℃にて2.5時間、穏やかに混合しながら溶解することにより、注入用に調製される。
{N}=KMa
(Kpp=1.90E−04、app=0.725およびKps=1.26E−04、aps=0.702)
において、ポリプロピレン(Th.G. Scholte, N.L.J. Meijerink, H.M. Schoffeleers、およびA.M.G. Brands, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 29, 3763-3782 (1984)に記載)およびポリスチレン(E.P. Otocka, R.J. Roe, N.Y. Hellman, P.M. Muglia, Macromolecules, 4, 507 (1971)に記載)について、適切なMark−Houwink係数を用いることにより決定される。
本発明の一実施形態には、低結晶化度層と高結晶化度層を含み、該高結晶化度層が伸張により塑性変形を受けることのできる製品が含まれる。「伸張」は、高結晶化度層の塑性変形をもたらすために十分な程度まで製品を一軸または二軸延伸することである。塑性変形の程度および製品を塑性変形するために必要とされる伸張の量は、表面粗度および/またはヘイズ値の増加の量を決定することにより容易に決定される。
低結晶化度層は、示差走査熱量測定(DSC)により検出され得るレベルの結晶化度を有するが、弾性特性を有する。低結晶化度層は、その弾性特性をあまり損なうことなく、高結晶化度層を塑性変形点まで、そしてそれを越えて伸張させることを可能とするのに十分なほど弾性がある。低結晶化度層は低結晶化度ポリマーと、場合により、少なくとも1つのさらなるポリマーを含む。特定の実施形態では、低結晶性層は、その予備延伸された長さまたは幅の50%、100%、150%、300%そして500%まで延伸され得る。
本発明の低結晶性ポリマーは、立体規則性のプロピレン配列によって中程度のレベルの結晶化度を有する軟らかい弾性ポリマーである。低結晶化度ポリマーは、(A)位置反転(regio-inversion)によるなど何らかの様式で立体規則性が乱れているプロピレンホモポリマー、(B)コモノマーによりプロピレンの立体規則性が少なくとも一部分乱れているランダムプロピレンコポリマー;または(C)(A)と(B)のの組合せであり得る。
「高いB値」および同様の用語は、プロピレンとエチレンのコポリマー、またはプロピレン、エチレンおよび少なくとも1つの不飽和コモノマーのコポリマーのエチレン単位がポリマー鎖全体に非無作為(nonrandom manner)に分布していることを意味する。B値は0〜2の範囲である。B値が高いほど、コポリマー中のコモノマー分布がより多く交互になる。B値が低いほど、コポリマー中のコモノマー分布がより多く塊状またはクラスター状となる。非メタロセン型の、金属を中心とする、ヘテロアリールリガンド触媒、例えば米国特許第6,960,635号に記載されるものなどを用いて作成された、ポリマーの高いB値は、通常、ケーニッヒの方法(Spectroscopy of Polymers American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1992)に従って測定すると、少なくとも約1.03、好ましくは少なくとも約1.04、より好ましくは少なくとも約1.05、さらに場合によっては少なくとも約1.06である。これは、通常メタロセン触媒で作成されるプロピレン系コポリマーによって大きく異なり、それは一般に1.00未満、通常0.95未満のB値を示す。B値を算出する方法はいくつかあるが、下に記載される方法は、B値が1である場合に完全にランダムなコモノマー単位の分布を表す、ケーニッヒ、J.L.の方法を用いている。ケーニッヒに記載されるB値は、以下の通り算出される。
本発明での使用に適したプロピレンエチレンコポリマーは、通常、実質的にアイソタクチックなプロピレン配列を有する。「実質的にアイソタクチックなプロピレン配列」および同様の用語は、配列が、約0.85より大きい、好ましくは約0.90より大きい、より好ましくは約0.92より大きい、および最も好ましくは約0.93よりも大きい13C NMRにより測定されたアイソタクチックトリアッド(mm)を有することを意味する。アイソタクチックトリアッドは当分野で周知であり、例えば、13C NMRスペクトルにより測定されるコポリマー分子鎖中のトリアッド単位に関してアイソタクチック配列に言及している米国特許第5,504,172号およびWO 00/01745号に記載されている。13C NMRスペクトルは、次のように測定される。
プロピレン/エチレンコポリマーについて、以下の手順を用いてコモノマー組成および配列分布を決定することができる。積分面積を、13C NMRスペクトルから決定し、マトリックス計算に入力して各トリアッド配列のモル分率を決定する。次に、マトリックス割り当てを積分値とともに用いて各トリアッドのモル分率を得る。マトリックス計算は、2,1位置エラーについてさらなるピークおよび配列を含むように修正した、ランドールの方法(Journal of Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, Reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, C29 (2&3), 201-317 (1989))の線形最小二乗の実施である。表Aは、積分領域および割り当てマトリックスで用いたトリアッド記号を示す。各炭素に使われている数字は、スペクトルのどの領域で共鳴するかを示している。
一部の実施形態では、低結晶化度層は、場合により、1またはそれ以上のさらなるポリマーを含む。該任意選択のさらなるポリマーは、高結晶化度層の高結晶化度ポリマーと同じであっても異なっていてもよい。特定の実施形態では、さらなるポリマーは、低結晶化度ポリマーおよび高結晶化度ポリマーの結晶化度の間の結晶化度を有する。
高結晶化度層は、伸張時に生成およびプラスチックの変形を可能にするに十分な結晶化度レベルを有する。高結晶化度層は、顕微鏡により検出することができるように、機械方向、交差(横)方向もしくは斜め方向のみ、またはこれらの方向の2またはそれ以上に配向させることができる。配向は、その結果として高結晶化度層の壊れやすさをもたらし得る。
高結晶化度層には、高結晶化度ポリマーが含まれる。本発明の高結晶化度ポリマーは、ポリマー成分として定義され、それには、エチレンもしくはプロピレンのホモポリマーまたはコポリマー、または挿入重合可能で、直鎖、分枝鎖、または環を含有するC3−C30オレフィン類を含む微量のオレフィンモノマーを有し、12個またはそれ以下の炭素原子を有するα−オレフィン、あるいはこのようなオレフィン類の組合せを含むブレンドが含まれる。一実施形態では、高結晶化度ポリマーの総重量に基づいて、コポリマー中のα−オレフィンの量の上の範囲は約9重量%、または8重量%、または6重量%、および下の範囲は約2重量%である。
一部の実施形態では、低結晶化度ポリマーおよび高結晶化度ポリマーは適合する結晶化度を有する。適合する結晶化度は、同じ結晶化型を有する、すなわち同じ結晶化可能配列(例えば、エチレン配列、もしくはプロピレン配列など)、または同じ立体規則性配列、すなわちアイソタクチックもしくはシンジオタクチックなどに基づく、高結晶化度層および低結晶化度層のためのポリマーを用いることにより得ることができる。例えば、適合する結晶化度は、エチレン由来の単位の組み込みにより得られるように、両方の層に十分な長さのメチレン配列を供給することにより得ることができる。
本発明の製品は、様々な用途に用いることができる。一実施形態では、製品は、少なくとも2つの層を有するフィルムであり、おむつのバックシート、および類似の吸収性衣料品、例えば失禁用衣料品において使用されてよい。他の実施形態では、製品は織物または繊維の形態である。織物は織布または不織布であってよい。繊維は任意のサイズまたは形であってよく、均質または不均質であってよい。不均質である場合、2成分または2構成要素のいずれかであってよい。
[測定方法]
密度法:
クーポンサンプル(1インチ×1インチ×0.125インチ)を、ASTM D4703−00に従って190℃にて圧縮成形し、手順Bを用いて冷却した。サンプルが40〜50℃に冷却されるとすぐにそれを取り出した。サンプルが23℃に達するとすぐに、その乾燥重量およびイソプロパノール中の重量を、Ohaus AP210天秤(Ohaus Corporation、Pine Brook NJ)を用いて測定した。密度はASTM D792の手順Bに規定されているように計算した。
示差走査熱量測定(DSC)は、半結晶質ポリマーの融解および結晶化を試験するために用いることのできる一般的な技法である。DSC測定の一般的原理および半結晶質ポリマーを試験するためのDSCの適用は、標準的なテキストに記載されている(例えば、E.A. Turi, ed., Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Materials,Academic Press,1981)。本発明の実施に際して使用された特定のコポリマーは、本質的に同じままであるTme、ならびにそのコポリマー中の不飽和コモノマー量が増加するにつれて低下するTmaxを有するDSC曲線により特徴付けられる。Tmeは、融解が終了する温度を意味する。Tmaxは、融解温度のピークを意味する。
マイクロ引張サンプル(ASTM D−1708)を、フィルムの機械方向に配向された金型を用いて採取した。ゲージ長は、22.25mmとした。試験片をインストロンに入れ、それらを500%/分の速度(111.25mm/分)で、0(対照)または100または300または500%歪まで引張り、次に同じ速度で0%歪に速やかに戻すことにより、サンプルに予備延伸の工程を行った。予備延伸の工程後少なくとも10分待った後に、新しいゲージ長を測定した。
次に、予備延伸されたサンプルを再度、500%/分で、予備延伸されたサンプルの新しいゲージ長に対して0または50または100または150%歪まで延伸し(第1延伸工程)、次に同じ速度で0%歪に速やかに戻した。次に、該サンプルを速やかにもう一度、正の張力が生じるまで500%/分で延伸する。正の張力の出現に相当する歪を、設定歪(set strain)とする。少なくとも3つの試験片をそれぞれ予備延伸条件、および対応する第1の延伸条件について測定した。平均引張り歪、および対応する標準偏差を表IIIに報告する。
Claims (51)
- 少なくとも2つの層を有する製品であって、前記製品が、(a)融点を有する低結晶化度ポリマーを含む低結晶化度層、および(b)低結晶化度ポリマーの融点に満たない、DSCにより測定される融点を有する高結晶化度ポリマーを含む高結晶化度層を含み、低結晶化度ポリマーの融点より下で少なくとも1つの方向に、その本来の長さまたは幅の少なくとも50%の伸びまで伸張された、製品。
- 低結晶化度ポリマーおよび高結晶化度ポリマーが、少なくとも1%の重量パーセント結晶化度差を有する、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 低および高結晶化度ポリマーが、適合した結晶化度を有する、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 高結晶化度ポリマーが、高結晶化度ポリマーおよび低結晶化度ポリマーを合わせた重量に基づいて、製品中に20重量%未満のレベルで存在する、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 高結晶化度ポリマーが、高結晶化度ポリマーおよび低結晶化度ポリマーを合わせた重量に基づいて、製品中に10重量%未満のレベルで存在する、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 低結晶化度ポリマーが、高結晶性ポリマーおよび低結晶性ポリマーを合わせた重量に基づいて、製品中に少なくとも45%のレベルで存在する、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 層の1つが不織布を含み、不織布が高結晶化度ポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 層の1つがフィルムを含み、フィルム層が高結晶化度ポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 各層がフィルムを含む、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 層の1つがフィルムを含み、フィルム層が低結晶化度ポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 低結晶化度層が追加のポリマーをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 追加のポリマーが低結晶化度ポリマーよりも高い結晶化度を有する、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 追加のポリマーが、低結晶化度層の重量に基づいて2重量%〜30重量%の量で存在する、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 低結晶化度ポリマーが、プロピレンと、エチレンおよびC4−C20α−オレフィン類から選択される1またはそれ以上のコモノマーのコポリマーであり、1またはそれ以上のコモノマーに由来する単位が、低結晶化度ポリマーの重量に基づいて、2重量%〜25重量%の量で低結晶化度ポリマー中に存在する、請求項1に記載の製品。
- ASTM D−1238条件Lで測定される低結晶化度プロピレンコポリマーのMFRが0.2〜90g/10分である、請求項14に記載の製品。
- DSCにより測定される低結晶化度ポリマーの融解熱が3J/g〜50J/gであり、分子量分布が2〜4.5である、請求項15に記載の製品。
- 高結晶化度ポリマーが、プロピレンと、エチレンおよびC4−C20α−オレフィン類から選択される1またはそれ以上のコモノマーのコポリマーである、請求項16に記載の製品。
- 高結晶化度ポリマーが、エチレンと、エチレンおよびC3−C20α−オレフィン類から選択される1またはそれ以上のコモノマーのコポリマーである、請求項16に記載の製品。
- 低結晶化度層が高結晶化度層と接触している、請求項18に記載の製品。
- 製品がフィルムを含み、フィルムが高結晶化度層と接触している追加の層を含む、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 製品がフィルムを含み、フィルムが低結晶化度層と接触している追加の層を含む、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 追加の層が、低結晶化度層よりも結晶質である、請求項21に記載の製品。
- 高結晶化度層が塑性変形されている、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 両方の層が少なくとも50%伸張されている、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 高結晶性層が不織布層である、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 低結晶性層が不織布層である、請求項1に記載の製品。
- フィルムを含み、フィルムのヘイズ値が70%よりも大きい、請求項23に記載の製品。
- 50%ヒステリシス試験後の永久歪が30%未満である、請求項27に記載のフィルム。
- 3またはそれ以上の層を含む、請求項27に記載のフィルム。
- 衣料品支持体に付着した請求項27に記載の製品を含む、衣料品の部分。
- 少なくとも1つの層が、少なくとも1つの増量剤および添加剤を含む、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 添加剤が、少なくともカルシウムカーボネート、タルク、二酸化チタン、カーボンブラック、珪藻土、粘着防止剤、スリップ剤、および酸化防止剤である、請求項31に記載の製品。
- (1)フィルムを形成する段階と、(2)フィルムを伸張する段階とを含む、フィルムの形態の請求項1に記載の製品を作成するためのプロセス。
- 伸張段階が、フィルムを少なくとも1つの方向に、その本来の長さまたは幅の少なくとも150%の伸びまで伸張することを含む、請求項33に記載のプロセス。
- 伸張段階が、フィルムを少なくとも1つの方向に伸張して少なくとも10%のヘイズ値を達成することを含む、請求項34に記載のプロセス。
- 繊維の形態の、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 高結晶化度ポリマーが繊維の表面の少なくとも一部を含む複合繊維の形態の、請求項36に記載の繊維。
- 低結晶化度ポリマーが繊維の表面の少なくとも一部を含む複合繊維の形態の、請求項37に記載の繊維。
- 立体配置(configuration)が、シース/コア(sheath/core)、サイド・バイ・サイド(side−by−side)、三日月、トリローバル(trilobal)、アイランズ・イン・ザ・シー(islands−in−the−sea)およびフラットからなる群より選択される、請求項37に記載の繊維。
- 立体配置が、シース/コア、サイド・バイ・サイド、三日月、トリローバル、アイランズ・イン・ザ・シーおよびフラットからなる群より選択される、請求項38に記載の繊維。
- 高結晶化度ポリマーが塑性変形されている、請求項36に記載の繊維。
- 請求項36に記載の繊維を含むウェブ。
- 繊維の少なくとも一部分が相互に接着されている、請求項42に記載のウェブ。
- 伸張段階が高結晶化度ポリマーの融点より下で行われる、請求項35に記載のプロセス。
- 伸張段階が低結晶化度ポリマーの融点より下で行われる、請求項35に記載のプロセス。
- 高結晶化度ポリマーがコハク酸または無水コハク酸官能基をさらに含む、請求項41に記載の繊維。
- 高結晶化度層が少なくとも1つのチーグラー・ナッタ、メタロセンまたはシングルサイト触媒によるポリオレフィンを含み、低結晶化度層がプロピレン系ポリマーを含む、請求項41に記載の繊維。
- 少なくとも1つのスキン層と少なくとも1つのコア層を含み、少なくとも1つのコア層が低結晶化度ポリマーを含む多層製品の形態の、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 少なくとも1つのスキン層と少なくとも1つのコア層を含み、少なくとも1つのスキン層が高結晶化度ポリマーを含む多層製品の形態の、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 架橋フィルムの形態の、請求項1に記載の製品。
- 少なくとも1つの層が明確な融点を有さない、請求項1に記載の製品。
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WO2007051103A3 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
RU2426650C2 (ru) | 2011-08-20 |
BRPI0619338B1 (pt) | 2018-02-27 |
CN101316699A (zh) | 2008-12-03 |
TW200728074A (en) | 2007-08-01 |
EP1943093A2 (en) | 2008-07-16 |
BRPI0619338A2 (pt) | 2011-09-27 |
US20070254176A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
RU2008120657A (ru) | 2009-12-10 |
KR101289591B1 (ko) | 2013-07-26 |
EP1943093B1 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
JP2009513395A (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
US7807593B2 (en) | 2010-10-05 |
WO2007051103A2 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
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