JP4986359B2 - 可塑剤と粘土活性変成剤を有するセメント質混合物における空気管理 - Google Patents
可塑剤と粘土活性変成剤を有するセメント質混合物における空気管理 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4986359B2 JP4986359B2 JP2001563214A JP2001563214A JP4986359B2 JP 4986359 B2 JP4986359 B2 JP 4986359B2 JP 2001563214 A JP2001563214 A JP 2001563214A JP 2001563214 A JP2001563214 A JP 2001563214A JP 4986359 B2 JP4986359 B2 JP 4986359B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- clay
- integer
- air
- surfactant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/12—Nitrogen containing compounds organic derivatives of hydrazine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/10—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
- Y10S516/905—Agent composition per se for colloid system making or stabilizing, e.g. foaming, emulsifying, dispersing, or gelling
- Y10S516/909—The agent contains organic compound containing sulfoxy*
- Y10S516/91—The compound contains nitrogen, except if present solely as NH4+
- Y10S516/912—The compound contains -C[=O]NHH where substitution may be made for the hydrogen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
- Y10S516/905—Agent composition per se for colloid system making or stabilizing, e.g. foaming, emulsifying, dispersing, or gelling
- Y10S516/914—The agent contains organic compound containing nitrogen, except if present solely as NH4+
- Y10S516/915—The compound contains -C[=O]NHH where substitution may be made for the hydrogen
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/517,443 | 2000-03-02 | ||
| US09/517,443 US6441054B1 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2000-03-02 | Air management in cementitious mixtures having plasticizer and a clay-activity modifying agent |
| PCT/US2001/004860 WO2001064323A1 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2001-02-15 | Air management in cementitious mixtures having plasticizer and a clay-activity modifying agent |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003525190A JP2003525190A (ja) | 2003-08-26 |
| JP2003525190A5 JP2003525190A5 (https=) | 2008-02-14 |
| JP4986359B2 true JP4986359B2 (ja) | 2012-07-25 |
Family
ID=24059817
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001563214A Expired - Fee Related JP4986359B2 (ja) | 2000-03-02 | 2001-02-15 | 可塑剤と粘土活性変成剤を有するセメント質混合物における空気管理 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6441054B1 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP1259310A4 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP4986359B2 (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR100722068B1 (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN1239239C (https=) |
| AU (1) | AU2001241501A1 (https=) |
| CA (1) | CA2401147C (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2001064323A1 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (46)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU731822B2 (en) * | 1997-06-25 | 2001-04-05 | Gcp Applied Technologies Inc. | Admixture and method for optimizing addition of EO/PO superplasticizer to concrete containing smectite clay-containing aggregates |
| US6441054B1 (en) * | 2000-03-02 | 2002-08-27 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn | Air management in cementitious mixtures having plasticizer and a clay-activity modifying agent |
| US6641661B1 (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2003-11-04 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | High early strength cement and additives and methods for making the same |
| US6803396B2 (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2004-10-12 | Basf Corporation | Stable aqueous polymeric superplasticizer solutions and concrete compositions containing the same |
| JP4143802B2 (ja) * | 2001-11-26 | 2008-09-03 | 日信化学工業株式会社 | 分散剤組成物 |
| US20040226620A1 (en) * | 2002-09-26 | 2004-11-18 | Daniel Therriault | Microcapillary networks |
| US7053125B2 (en) * | 2002-11-14 | 2006-05-30 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Controlled dispersion of colloidal suspension by comb polymers |
| US6800129B2 (en) * | 2003-01-30 | 2004-10-05 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | High solids pumpable cement additives |
| US7421438B2 (en) | 2004-04-29 | 2008-09-02 | Microsoft Corporation | Metadata editing control |
| US7627552B2 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2009-12-01 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for filtering and organizing items based on common elements |
| US7141617B2 (en) * | 2003-06-17 | 2006-11-28 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Directed assembly of three-dimensional structures with micron-scale features |
| US7240732B2 (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2007-07-10 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Dispersant compositions for cement compositions and related methods |
| US7976625B2 (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2011-07-12 | Cognis Ip Management Gmbh | Compounds and methods for treating fly ash |
| US20070204764A1 (en) * | 2006-01-23 | 2007-09-06 | Jianhua Mao | Compounds and methods for reducing water content in cementitious mixtures |
| US7842650B2 (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2010-11-30 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Mixture for improved foaming in the extraction of petroleum or natural gas |
| US7956102B2 (en) * | 2007-04-09 | 2011-06-07 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Sol-gel inks |
| JP5215680B2 (ja) | 2008-01-28 | 2013-06-19 | コンストラクション リサーチ アンド テクノロジー ゲーエムベーハー | 収縮低減剤 |
| WO2009144081A1 (en) * | 2008-04-16 | 2009-12-03 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Rheology influencing additive for mineral building materials |
| GB2459508B (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2012-12-05 | Univ United Arab Emirates | Surfactant for use in the production of modified sulphur |
| US8043426B2 (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2011-10-25 | Abdel-Mohsen Onsy Mohamed | Method for treating cement kiln dust |
| JP5713524B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-11 | 2015-05-07 | ダブリュー・アール・グレイス・アンド・カンパニー−コネチカット | コンクリートにおける粘土活性を改善するためのスランプ保持混和剤 |
| US7922939B2 (en) * | 2008-10-03 | 2011-04-12 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Metal nanoparticle inks |
| US8187500B2 (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2012-05-29 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Biphasic inks |
| JP2010215741A (ja) * | 2009-03-16 | 2010-09-30 | Penta Ocean Construction Co Ltd | セメント系固化処理土およびその作製方法 |
| US20100286312A1 (en) * | 2009-05-06 | 2010-11-11 | Boral Material Technologies Inc. | Amine Sacrificial Agents and Methods and Products Using Same |
| EP2467347A4 (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2014-01-22 | Grace W R & Co | ROBUST AIR DISCHARGE FOR CEMENT GROOMING |
| CN102695688A (zh) * | 2010-01-08 | 2012-09-26 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 混凝土组合物 |
| CA2795104C (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2018-05-15 | Basf Se | Process for producing mineral oil using surfactants based on a mixture of c32 guerbet-, c34 guerbet-, c36 guerbet-containing alkyl alkoxylates |
| US8187376B2 (en) | 2010-05-25 | 2012-05-29 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Defoamers for hydratable cementitious compositions |
| AU2011317284B2 (en) | 2010-10-19 | 2015-02-19 | Gcp Applied Technologies Inc. | Clay-bearing manufactured sands for hydratable cementitious compositions |
| US9034968B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2015-05-19 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Cationic polymers for treating construction aggregates |
| MX345937B (es) | 2011-12-12 | 2017-02-27 | Verifi Llc | Gestion multivariada del aire atrapado y reologia en mezclas cementosas. |
| MY186502A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2021-07-22 | Verifi Llc | Post-batching cma dosing into concrete |
| US20180194682A1 (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2018-07-12 | Frank Schubert | Novel shrinkage-reducing agents for mineral binders |
| CN106316187B (zh) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-11-16 | 新昌县鸿裕工业产品设计有限公司 | 一种天然植物基混凝土引气剂的制备方法 |
| IT201700045104A1 (it) * | 2017-04-26 | 2018-10-26 | Simem S P A | Apparato e metodo per la produzione di calcestruzzo fluido |
| EP3645228B1 (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2023-08-30 | GCP Applied Technologies Inc. | Early strength enhancing concrete admixure |
| CA3086587A1 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | Verifi Llc | Managing concrete mix design catalogs |
| CN108033705B (zh) * | 2017-12-28 | 2020-11-27 | 钊美新材料(上海)有限公司 | 一种可作为辅助减水剂的化合物 |
| JP6749963B2 (ja) * | 2018-05-09 | 2020-09-02 | 花王株式会社 | 水硬性組成物用水和発熱抑制剤 |
| JP7207887B2 (ja) * | 2018-07-27 | 2023-01-18 | 東邦化学工業株式会社 | 水硬性組成物用空気連行剤 |
| FR3088928B1 (fr) * | 2018-11-27 | 2022-08-05 | Chryso | Méthode d’analyse de la quantité d’argile dans un sable |
| CN109650763B (zh) * | 2018-12-25 | 2022-04-29 | 海南省众邑新材料研究院有限公司 | 一种提高混凝土钢筋耐腐蚀性能的外加剂及其制备方法 |
| JP7228029B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-25 | 2023-02-22 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 水硬性材料用添加剤 |
| WO2020231728A1 (en) | 2019-05-10 | 2020-11-19 | Gcp Applied Technologies Inc. | Instrument for direct measurement of air content in a liquid using a resonant electroacoustic transducer |
| CN113754371B (zh) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-10-21 | 广东盛瑞科技股份有限公司 | 高石粉含量的泡沫轻质土及其制备方法 |
Citations (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4999150A (https=) * | 1973-01-18 | 1974-09-19 | ||
| US4166845A (en) * | 1970-11-16 | 1979-09-04 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Antidandruff shampoo compositions containing an aminopolyureylene resin |
| JPH02307851A (ja) * | 1989-05-22 | 1990-12-21 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | コンクリート組成物 |
| JPH06279083A (ja) * | 1992-09-01 | 1994-10-04 | Wr Grace & Co Connecticut | 水硬性セメントのバグホールを減少させる混和材およびそれらの使用方法 |
| JPH07305289A (ja) * | 1992-11-25 | 1995-11-21 | W R Grace & Co | 製紙機械表面上のピツチ減少 |
| WO1997000898A1 (en) * | 1995-06-21 | 1997-01-09 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Air controlling superplasticizers |
| WO1997011132A1 (en) * | 1995-09-18 | 1997-03-27 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Improved drying shrinkage cement admixture |
| WO1997015535A1 (en) * | 1995-10-25 | 1997-05-01 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Nitrogenous strength enhancers for portland cement |
| US5679150A (en) * | 1996-08-16 | 1997-10-21 | Kerkar; Awdhoot Vasant | Drying shrinkage cement admixture |
| US5782972A (en) * | 1997-03-21 | 1998-07-21 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Additive for production of highly workable mortar cement |
| WO1998058887A1 (en) * | 1997-06-25 | 1998-12-30 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Admixture and method for optimizing addition of eo/po superplasticizer to concrete containing smectite clay-containing aggregates |
| JPH11157908A (ja) * | 1997-08-15 | 1999-06-15 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc | 軽量の高温井戸用セメント組成物及びセメンチング方法 |
| WO1999065841A1 (en) * | 1998-06-18 | 1999-12-23 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Air entrainment with polyoxyalkylene copolymers for concrete treated with oxyalkylene sra |
| JP2000143325A (ja) * | 1998-11-04 | 2000-05-23 | Wr Grace & Co Connecticut | 改善された凍結融解耐久性のための組積造ブロック及び組積造コンクリ―トの混和材 |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1018893A (en) * | 1972-12-11 | 1977-10-11 | Roger C. Birkofer | Mild thickened shampoo compositions with conditioning properties |
| US4116706A (en) | 1977-07-01 | 1978-09-26 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Additive composition for hydraulic cement compositions |
| US4814014A (en) | 1986-12-09 | 1989-03-21 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Hydraulic cement additives and hydraulic cement compositions containing same |
| US4960465A (en) | 1986-12-09 | 1990-10-02 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Hydraulic cement additives and hydraulic cement compositions containing same |
| US5016711A (en) | 1989-02-24 | 1991-05-21 | Shell Oil Company | Cement sealing |
| CH686780A5 (de) * | 1992-07-22 | 1996-06-28 | Sandoz Ag | Fliessfaehige Zementmischungen. |
| CN1041709C (zh) * | 1993-09-29 | 1999-01-20 | 格雷斯公司 | 具有改善流变性的改性水泥添加剂产品及其制备方法 |
| GB9505259D0 (en) * | 1995-03-16 | 1995-05-03 | Sandoz Ltd | Improvements in or relating to organic compounds |
| US5703174A (en) | 1995-06-21 | 1997-12-30 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Air controlling superplasticizers |
| US5634966A (en) | 1995-07-19 | 1997-06-03 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Nitrite-based corrosion inhibitors with improved anodic and cathodic inhibiting performance |
| US5743841A (en) | 1996-09-27 | 1998-04-28 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Foam composition for treating asbestos-containing materials and method of using same |
| GB2343447B (en) * | 1998-11-04 | 2003-05-28 | Grace W R & Co | Masonry concrete composition having improved freeze/thaw durability |
| US6441054B1 (en) * | 2000-03-02 | 2002-08-27 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn | Air management in cementitious mixtures having plasticizer and a clay-activity modifying agent |
-
2000
- 2000-03-02 US US09/517,443 patent/US6441054B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-02-15 WO PCT/US2001/004860 patent/WO2001064323A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-02-15 EP EP01912754A patent/EP1259310A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-02-15 JP JP2001563214A patent/JP4986359B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-02-15 CA CA2401147A patent/CA2401147C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-15 CN CNB018059724A patent/CN1239239C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-15 KR KR1020027011511A patent/KR100722068B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-02-15 AU AU2001241501A patent/AU2001241501A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-07-08 US US10/267,631 patent/US7972436B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4166845A (en) * | 1970-11-16 | 1979-09-04 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Antidandruff shampoo compositions containing an aminopolyureylene resin |
| JPS4999150A (https=) * | 1973-01-18 | 1974-09-19 | ||
| JPH02307851A (ja) * | 1989-05-22 | 1990-12-21 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | コンクリート組成物 |
| JPH06279083A (ja) * | 1992-09-01 | 1994-10-04 | Wr Grace & Co Connecticut | 水硬性セメントのバグホールを減少させる混和材およびそれらの使用方法 |
| JPH07305289A (ja) * | 1992-11-25 | 1995-11-21 | W R Grace & Co | 製紙機械表面上のピツチ減少 |
| WO1997000898A1 (en) * | 1995-06-21 | 1997-01-09 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Air controlling superplasticizers |
| WO1997011132A1 (en) * | 1995-09-18 | 1997-03-27 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Improved drying shrinkage cement admixture |
| WO1997015535A1 (en) * | 1995-10-25 | 1997-05-01 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Nitrogenous strength enhancers for portland cement |
| US5679150A (en) * | 1996-08-16 | 1997-10-21 | Kerkar; Awdhoot Vasant | Drying shrinkage cement admixture |
| WO1998006678A1 (en) * | 1996-08-16 | 1998-02-19 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Improved drying shrinkage cement admixture |
| JP2000516567A (ja) * | 1996-08-16 | 2000-12-12 | ダブリユ・アール・グレイス・アンド・カンパニー・コネテイカツト | 乾燥収縮を改善するセメント混和材 |
| US5782972A (en) * | 1997-03-21 | 1998-07-21 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Additive for production of highly workable mortar cement |
| WO1998058887A1 (en) * | 1997-06-25 | 1998-12-30 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Admixture and method for optimizing addition of eo/po superplasticizer to concrete containing smectite clay-containing aggregates |
| JPH11157908A (ja) * | 1997-08-15 | 1999-06-15 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc | 軽量の高温井戸用セメント組成物及びセメンチング方法 |
| WO1999065841A1 (en) * | 1998-06-18 | 1999-12-23 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Air entrainment with polyoxyalkylene copolymers for concrete treated with oxyalkylene sra |
| JP2002518283A (ja) * | 1998-06-18 | 2002-06-25 | ダブリュ・アール・グレイス・アンド・カンパニー・コネテイカット | オキシアルキレンsraを用いた処理を受けさせるコンクリートのためのポリオキシアルキレン共重合体による空気連行 |
| JP2000143325A (ja) * | 1998-11-04 | 2000-05-23 | Wr Grace & Co Connecticut | 改善された凍結融解耐久性のための組積造ブロック及び組積造コンクリ―トの混和材 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100722068B1 (ko) | 2007-05-25 |
| AU2001241501A1 (en) | 2001-09-12 |
| KR20020086598A (ko) | 2002-11-18 |
| US6441054B1 (en) | 2002-08-27 |
| US7972436B2 (en) | 2011-07-05 |
| CA2401147C (en) | 2010-04-13 |
| EP1259310A1 (en) | 2002-11-27 |
| JP2003525190A (ja) | 2003-08-26 |
| WO2001064323A1 (en) | 2001-09-07 |
| CN1454114A (zh) | 2003-11-05 |
| US20030136307A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
| CA2401147A1 (en) | 2001-09-07 |
| EP1259310A4 (en) | 2009-11-11 |
| CN1239239C (zh) | 2006-02-01 |
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