JP4981690B2 - 経皮的な舌形成術のためのシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents
経皮的な舌形成術のためのシステムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
図1は、咽頭気道を含む構造の矢状面の図であり、閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸に関係するかもしれない。咽頭は、上方から下方まで、鼻咽頭1、口腔咽頭部2および下咽頭3に分けられる。鼻咽頭1は、OSAの閉塞のあまり一般的ではない原因である。鼻咽頭は、軟口蓋4の上方の咽頭の一部である。鼻咽頭では、湾曲した鼻中隔5または肥大した鼻甲介6が、場合によっては上気道の抵抗または閉鎖をもたらすことがある。まれにしかないが、ポリープ、嚢胞または腫瘍などの鼻腔内の塊が、閉塞の原因となることがある。
本発明の実施形態は、気道をマニピュレートするための方法および装置を提供する。咽頭の構造物の弛緩が、閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸、いびき、上気道の抵抗および睡眠時呼吸障害の病態生理の一因となることが仮定される。こうした弛緩は、口腔咽頭の構造物に原因がある場合があり、かつ/または咽頭の構造物と他の人体構造物の間の相互関係の影響を受けることがある。例えば、いくつかの研究では、UPPPを受けることを選択された患者の治癒率は、5%から10%と低い。(参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、非特許文献1)。それらの低い治癒率は、手術によって影響を受けない舌などの構造物によって気道の閉塞が継続することによる影響を受けることがある。舌の後部または舌根の少なくとも一部分に、少なくとも概して前方および/または横方向にバイアスをかけることによって、口腔咽頭部の機能的な閉塞を避けるかまたは低減することができる。典型的には、舌の位置と下顎骨などのアンカ留め位置との間の距離または張力を変えることによってこうしたバイアスを生み出すことができる。他の場合は、舌に位置する構造物の長さまたは量を変えることによってバイアスを生み出すことができる。場合によっては、舌に提供されたバイアスは、舌が動く間または特定の位置または状況で舌の機械的な特徴にしか影響することができない。したがって、静的な変化は、典型的には舌組織の動的応答に影響を与えるが、機械的な力または状況に対する舌組織の動的応答は、静的な変化と共に起きてもよく、そうでなくてもよい。しかし、本明細書で説明した本発明の実施形態は、前提に限定されない。
図2、3Aおよび3Bに示す一実施形態では、本発明は、一以上の舌要素22および少なくとも1つの固定アセンブリ24を有する舌の再構築システムを備える。図2に示すように、少なくとも1つの舌要素22は、近位テザー28に取り付けられた遠位の組織アンカ26を備える。遠位アンカ26は、典型的には、舌9内に植え込むように適合された軟部組織アンカである。その軟部組織アンカ26は、周りの組織と係合することができる、任意の様々な構造物を備えることができる。こうした構造物は、とがった、鋭いまたは鈍い組織係合構造物30を有することができる。場合によっては、遠位アンカ26は、舌組織内に送り出すための第1の縮径構成と、周りの組織と係合するための第2の拡大径構成とを有する。他の実施形態では、遠位アンカ26は一定の構成を有する。
遠位アンカは、舌9内に植え込むように、かつ移動に抵抗するように適合された任意の様々な形状を有することができ、典型的には、一以上の組織係合構造物30を含む。拡張可能なアンカは、拡張可能なスロット付き管、繊維質もしくは多孔質のポリマープラグもしくは構造、巻き付き可能な(coilable)ワイヤ、拡張可能な針状突起構造、または任意の他の変形可能もしくは拡張可能な構造あるいはそれらの組合せを含むことができる。他の実施形態では、遠位アンカ26は、均一な構成を有するが、舌9または他の軟部組織を通して1方向に挿入するのを容易にし、移動または少なくとも反対方向の移動に抵抗するように適合される。均一な構成を有する遠位アンカ26は、針状突起物、角度の付いたピン、フックあるいは周りの組織と係合可能な角度の付いたまたは傾斜の付いた他の構造を有することができる。遠位アンカは、自動拡張可能でもよく、適切な寸法または表面積に拡張するように力を加えることを必要としてもよい。例えば、本発明のいくつかの実施形態では、遠位アンカは、一以上の変形可能な組織係合構造物を有することができ、それらの組織係合構造は、遠位アンカが送出器具から解放されて周りの組織と係合する際に自動で拡張する。他の実施形態では、遠位アンカは、舌要素の近位テザーに張力を加える際に、周りの舌組織と係合またはその中に拡張することができる。
本発明のいくつかの実施形態では、舌要素のテザーは、当技術分野でよく知られた縫合糸またはワイヤを備える。こうした材料は、一般に、非弾性であり、遠位アンカと近位アンカまたは固定アセンブリとの間の距離を固定するために有用である場合がある。しかし、前述のような理由から、弾性の特性を有するか、または長さ/張力関係を提供する構造を備えるテザーが、場合によっては好ましいことがある。荷重または張力の増大に応答して延長することができるテザーは、固定された長さのテザーによって生み出されるより生理学的な舌の動きの範囲を提供しながら、口腔咽頭の閉塞の影響を低減するために十分なバイアスを提供するように最適化することができる。固定された長さの舌形成または舌の懸架は、現行の舌の再構築装置で見られる嚥下痛、嚥下障害および嚥下の問題の原因であるかもしれないが、本発明はこうした目的に限定されない。エラストマー特性を有するテザーを、ウレタンまたはシリコンなどであるがそれらに限定されない材料を使用することによって提供することができる。当業者は、所望の効果、公差、および特定の患者の解剖学的特徴に基づいて、特定の材料、テザーの長さ、直径、断面形状および他の特性を選択することができる。テザーを構成することができる他の材料は、ニチノール、ばね鋼、タンタル、ポリエチレン、ポリエステル、絹、ポリプロピレン、ポリオレフィンまたはそれらの組合せを含むがそれらに限定されない。
上述のように、骨アンカまたはスクリュ、クリップ、ホチキスおよび当技術分野でよく知られた他の装置を、舌要素22を下顎骨13または他の剛性の構造に直接取り付けるために使用することができる。しかし、好ましくは、取付け構造に対するテザー28の取付け、取外しおよび/または調整を容易にするように、テザー固定アセンブリ24が提供される。より好ましくは、低侵襲性の様式で調整を可能にするテザー固定構造物24が使用される。いくつかの実施形態では、1つのテザー固定構造物が舌形成システムの各舌要素22のために提供される。他の実施形態では、2つ以上の舌要素22をそれぞれ保持構造物に固定することができる。
図62Aから62Dを参照すると、本発明の好ましい実施形態では、遠位アンカ500のための送出システム711は、管状本体702を有する送出器具700と、管状本体702内のプッシュロッド704と、管状本体702とプッシュロッド704の間の相対位置を変更するための可動式のハンドル708と、植込み片を管状本体内に導入するための任意選択の後退アセンブリ710とを備える。送出システム711は、任意選択で、送出器具700の管腔714内への挿入を可能にするように寸法設定された導入器具712を備えることができる。導入器具712の近位端716は、雄型のルアーアダプタ718などの機械式嵌合を備えることができ、その機械式嵌合は、管状本体702を導入器具712にロックし送出器具700の遠位先端部の組織への挿入の精密度を強化するように、雌型ルアーアダプタ722を備えた送出器具700の基部720に取り付けることができる。送出システム711は、皮膚の挿入部位から所望の軟部組織の部位に至る挿入通路を作り出すためのトロカール724を備えることもできる。トロカール724は、導入器具712と一緒に患者に挿入することが可能であり、次いで導入器具712から取り外されて、送出器具700の配置が可能になるように、必ずしも必要ではないが、好ましくは、導入器具712の管腔714内でも嵌合するように寸法設定される。トロカール724の基部726は、導入器具と係合するように雌型ルアーアダプタ722または他の相補形のインターフェースを備えることもできる。他の実施形態では、雄型または雌型ルアーアダプタの位置を逆にすることができ、また、他の機械式嵌合の構成を使用することができる。
前述のように、本明細書で説明した方法および装置を使用して、舌を除く他の人体の構造をマニピュレートすることができる。例えば、テザーを使用することによって、組織アンカを軟口蓋内に植込み硬口蓋に取り付けることができる。図63Aを参照すると、一実施形態では、軟口蓋アンカ800は、一以上の拡張可能なフック802を備え、それらのフック802は、同じように平面の形状をした軟口蓋組織内に挿入するために、好ましくは全体的に平面状の構成に配置される。平面構成は、組織アンカ800が触知可能な結節を形成するか、または軟口蓋の上面または下面から突き出すリスクを低減する。しかし、拡張可能なフック802は、全体的に平面状の構成を有するように同じ平面内に横たわる必要はない。平面構成は、アンカの長手方向軸に垂直に測った最大寸法がやはり長手方向軸に垂直に測ったそれに直交する寸法より大きいアンカによって特徴付けることができる。例えば、図63Aおよび63Bは、2対のフック804、806を示し、それらは、並列に積み重ねられ、一方の対806がもう一方の対804の側部814に接して積み重ねられ、やはり全体的に平面状の構成を有する。他の実施形態では、一方の対を、もう一方の対の内側面に入れて重ねることもできる。
図7Gから7Jは、カニューレを使用することによって植え込まれた舌アンカを取り出すための一実施形態を示すが、本発明の他の実施形態は、植え込まれた装置の取出しをさらに容易にするために追加の特徴および構造を提供する。
本発明の一実施形態では、舌形成装置は、舌に植え込まれ、任意の骨または他の臓器に取付けまたはアンカ留めする必要はない。アンカ留めなしの舌の再構築装置の一例は、上記に説明し図6Aおよび6Bに示した2重アンカ装置である。他の実施形態を以下に説明する。
本発明の一実施形態では、舌の塊を再配分することができる舌の副子(splint)が提供される。睡眠または他の活動の間の軌道の閉塞を防止またはそれに抵抗するように咽頭の後部または口蓋咽頭弓から外へ舌根または舌の後部の少なくとも一部分を移動させるために、舌の副子を挿入することができる。
本発明の他の実施形態では、舌組織を圧縮することができる舌形成装置が提供される。図54Aおよび54Bに示す一実施形態では、その装置は、ピッチが可変の組織スクリュ418を有し、その組織スクリュ418は、ピッチの長い遠位端420と、ピッチがより短い中間部分422と、組織スクリュ418を舌9内に押しやるための回転器具426と係合し係合解除するように構成された近位のヘッド424とを有する。その組織スクリュ418は、軟部組織を穿孔しその中を前進するように構成される。組織スクリュ418が前進するときに、ピッチの長い遠位端420は、らせん状通路の巻きと巻きの間に第1の組織体積428を有する、組織を通るらせん状通路を画成する。組織スクリュ418のピッチがより短い部分422は、遠位端420によって画成される通路を通って前進するので、組織スクリュ418の中間部分422は、ピッチの長い遠位端420によって画成される第1の組織体積428を圧縮して、組織スクリュ418のピッチがより短い部分422によって再画成される、より小さい第2の体積430にする。組織スクリュ418に沿って舌組織を圧縮することにより、組織スクリュ418の挿入位置に向かって舌組織にバイアスをかけるかまたはそれを移動することになり、咽頭の後方または口蓋咽頭弓から舌9の舌根または舌の後部410に間接的にバイアスをかけるかまたはそれを移動することができる。ピッチが可変の組織スクリュ418による舌組織の圧縮および移動は、近位のヘッド424または組織スクリュの他の部分を一定のまたは可変の長さのテザーに取り付け、テザーを下顎骨13または舌骨15など、他の構造に取り付けることによってさらに増大させることができる。
本発明の他の実施形態では、舌の再構築システムは、植え込まれた装置の周りの舌組織のコンプライアンスを変えるが、周りの舌組織上に連続的な力を作用させる必要はない。場合によっては、圧力下に組織を配置することなく組織コンプライアンスを変化させることで、無呼吸エピソード中の気道の閉塞を低減するかまたはなくすのに十分である場合がある。組織の圧縮なしの装置の植込みは、最初の植込み手技の間またはその後に、装置によって加えられる組織張力の程度を調整する必要をなくすことによって植込み手技を単純化することができる。前述の本発明の実施形態の多くは、装置を植え込み、植込み手技中に装置上に張力をかけないことによって、テザーおよび/または副子の物理的な特徴を変えることなしに使用することができる。したがって、舌が通常または静止位置にある間に装置は力を低減するかまたは力を作用させることはないけれども、患者が睡眠し口腔咽頭部および/または下咽頭の筋系が弛緩しているときに、舌組織のコンプライアンスが、舌を後方に移動するのにより大きな力が必要になるように装置によって変えられる。当業者は、組織コンプライアンスの変化の程度を修正するために上記で説明した実施形態のためのテザーおよび/または副子の材料および/または構成も選択することができる。
舌形成装置のテザー構成要素を構築するために使用することができる材料は、上記で考察した。遠位アンカおよび/または固定アセンブリなど、本発明の他の構成要素を、任意の様々な医療レベルの構築材料を使用することによって、当技術分野でよく知られた任意の様々な技術にしたがって製造することができる。一以上の構成要素を、ニチノール、ステンレススチール、チタン、および当技術分野で周知の他のものなど、生体適合性のある金属から成形し、形成しまたは機械加工することができる。一以上の構成要素は、高密度または他の密度のポリエチレン、ナイロンおよびポリプロピレンを含む様々な医療レベルのポリマーから射出成形することもできる。溶剤接着、熱接着、接着剤、締まり嵌め、枢動可能なピンおよび開口部の関係、ならびに当技術分野で周知の他のものなど、任意の様々な固定技術を使用することによって、システムの一部分を別個に形成し、成形後の作業でそれに固定することができる。
13 下顎骨
22 舌要素
24 固定アセンブリ
26 遠位アンカ
28 近位テザー
30 組織係合構造物
32 固定用インターフェース
Claims (19)
- 舌中への植込みに好適な、軟部組織を穿孔するように適合された、少なくとも1つの組織アンカと、
前記少なくとも1つの組織アンカに取り付けられた細長い部材と、
骨への取付け構造物および調節部材を備える固定アセンブリと、
を備え、
前記調節部材は、皮下埋め込み術及び経皮的調節に好適であり、前記細長い部材と係合して前記細長い部材を調整するように動くことができるように、前記骨への取り付け構造物に係合する、
前記軟部組織をマニピュレートするための植込み可能な装置。 - 前記調節部材が回転可能であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の軟部組織をマニピュレートするための植込み可能な装置。
- 前記調節部材が摺動可能であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の軟部組織をマニピュレートするための植込み可能な装置。
- 前記調節部材が枢動可能であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の軟部組織をマニピュレートするための植込み可能な装置。
- 前記調節部材が回転可能なハブであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の軟部組織をマニピュレートするための植込み可能な装置。
- 前記回転可能なハブがスプールであることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の軟部組織をマニピュレートするための植込み可能な装置。
- 前記骨への取付け構造物が、下顎骨に取り付けるために適合されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の軟部組織をマニピュレートするための植込み可能な装置。
- 前記骨への取付け構造物が前記下顎骨内に挿入するために適合されていることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の軟部組織をマニピュレートするための植込み可能な装置。
- 前記骨への取付け構造物が円筒形の構成およびねじ山付き外面を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の軟部組織をマニピュレートするための植込み可能な装置。
- 前記固定アセンブリがさらに、前記調節部材を動かすように適合された動作用インターフェース構成要素を備えていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の軟部組織をマニピュレートするための植込み可能な装置。
- 前記骨への取付け構造物が、内部の密封可能な空隙を備え、前記調節部材が、前記骨への取付け構造物の前記内部の密封可能な空隙内に摺動シールを提供するように適合された流体シールを備えていることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の軟部組織をマニピュレートするための植込み可能な装置。
- 前記骨への取付け構造物がさらに、前記内部の密封可能な空隙にアクセスするための穿孔可能な膜を備えていることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の軟部組織をマニピュレートするための植込み可能な装置。
- 前記骨への取付け構造物が、ねじ山付きの円筒形の内部空隙を備え、前記調節部材が、前記骨への取付け構造物の前記ねじ山付き円筒形の内部空隙と相補形である雄ねじを有するシリンダと、回転可能に取り付けられた固定用インターフェースとを備えていることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の軟部組織をマニピュレートするための植込み可能な装置。
- 前記骨への取付け構造物が、長手方向の溝をさらに備え、前記回転可能に取り付けられた固定用インターフェースが、前記骨への取付け構造物の前記長手方向の溝に相補形の構成を有する突起部を備えていることを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の軟部組織をマニピュレートするための植込み可能な装置。
- 前記骨への取付け構造物が、内部摩擦空隙を備え、前記調節部材が、前記骨への取付け構造物の前記内部摩擦空隙内で摩擦嵌めを提供するように構成された摩擦面を備えていることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の軟部組織をマニピュレートするための植込み可能な装置。
- 前記調節部材が、前記骨への取付け構造物の内側管腔面内に摺動式の摩擦嵌めを提供するように適合されていることを特徴とする、請求項15に記載の軟部組織をマニピュレートするための植込み可能な装置。
- 前記調節部材がさらに、マニピュレーション器具に可逆的に係合するように適合されたマニピュレーション用インターフェースを備えていることを特徴とする、請求項15に記載の軟部組織をマニピュレートするための植込み可能な装置。
- 前記骨への取付け構造物が、内側の先細管腔を備え、前記調節部材が、前記細長い部材と係合するように適合された、径方向内側に撓うことができる少なくとも2つのプロングを有する基部を備えていることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の軟部組織をマニピュレートするための植込み可能な装置。
- 前記組織アンカは、軟部組織に係合するように設けられた拡張可能な組織アンカであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の軟部組織をマニピュレートするための植込み可能な装置。
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Cited By (3)
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JP2010530275A (ja) * | 2007-06-18 | 2010-09-09 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | 目標組織領域における所望方向性を維持するための移植可能型デバイス、システム及び方法 |
JP2010022387A (ja) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-02-04 | Takiron Co Ltd | 生体内分解吸収性ばね |
JP2014131733A (ja) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-07-17 | Wright Medical Technology Inc | 経皮的拡張ハンマートゥ・インプラント |
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EP2756794B1 (en) | 2019-04-10 |
JP2008529608A (ja) | 2008-08-07 |
WO2006101610A3 (en) | 2007-05-10 |
EP1850728B1 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
US7975700B2 (en) | 2011-07-12 |
US7992567B2 (en) | 2011-08-09 |
WO2006101610A2 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
EP2174584B1 (en) | 2012-05-02 |
US20060207608A1 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
US20060207607A1 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
DE602006013946D1 (de) | 2010-06-10 |
ATE555714T1 (de) | 2012-05-15 |
US20060207606A1 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
EP2353494A1 (en) | 2011-08-10 |
ATE465673T1 (de) | 2010-05-15 |
EP1850728A2 (en) | 2007-11-07 |
US20060201519A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
US20060207612A1 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
EP2756794A1 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
EP2174584A1 (en) | 2010-04-14 |
EP2353494B1 (en) | 2014-07-30 |
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