JP4976519B2 - 顔面マスクのための前頭部支持体 - Google Patents
顔面マスクのための前頭部支持体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4976519B2 JP4976519B2 JP2010054721A JP2010054721A JP4976519B2 JP 4976519 B2 JP4976519 B2 JP 4976519B2 JP 2010054721 A JP2010054721 A JP 2010054721A JP 2010054721 A JP2010054721 A JP 2010054721A JP 4976519 B2 JP4976519 B2 JP 4976519B2
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- cushion frame
- connecting member
- forehead support
- mask
- respiratory mask
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- 210000001061 forehead Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 210000002105 tongue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 44
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000379 polypropylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000001797 obstructive sleep apnea Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003519 ventilatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003434 inspiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010352 nasal breathing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000023504 respiratory system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
- A61M16/0605—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
- A61M16/0605—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient
- A61M16/0616—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient with face sealing means comprising a flap or membrane projecting inwards, such that sealing increases with increasing inhalation gas pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
- A61M16/0605—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient
- A61M16/0616—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient with face sealing means comprising a flap or membrane projecting inwards, such that sealing increases with increasing inhalation gas pressure
- A61M16/0622—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient with face sealing means comprising a flap or membrane projecting inwards, such that sealing increases with increasing inhalation gas pressure having an underlying cushion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
- A61M16/0605—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient
- A61M16/0633—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient with forehead support
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
- A61M16/0605—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient
- A61M16/0633—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient with forehead support
- A61M16/0638—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient with forehead support in the form of a pivot
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
- A61M16/0605—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient
- A61M16/0633—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient with forehead support
- A61M16/0644—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient with forehead support having the means for adjusting its position
- A61M16/065—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient with forehead support having the means for adjusting its position in the form of a pivot
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
- A61M16/0666—Nasal cannulas or tubing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
- A61M16/0666—Nasal cannulas or tubing
- A61M16/0672—Nasal cannula assemblies for oxygen therapy
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
- A61M16/0683—Holding devices therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/08—Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/08—Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
- A61M16/0816—Joints or connectors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/02—General characteristics of the apparatus characterised by a particular materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2210/00—Anatomical parts of the body
- A61M2210/06—Head
- A61M2210/0618—Nose
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T24/00—Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc.
- Y10T24/45—Separable-fastener or required component thereof [e.g., projection and cavity to complete interlock]
- Y10T24/45225—Separable-fastener or required component thereof [e.g., projection and cavity to complete interlock] including member having distinct formations and mating member selectively interlocking therewith
- Y10T24/45471—Projection having movable connection between components thereof or variable configuration
- Y10T24/45524—Projection having movable connection between components thereof or variable configuration including resiliently biased projection component or surface segment
- Y10T24/45529—Requiring manual force applied against bias to interlock or disengage
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
Description
12 クッションフレーム
14 連結部材
16 鼻呼吸マスク16
17 マスクシェル
18 屈曲コネクタ
19 マスククッション
20 末端部
22 基端部
24 コネクタ
25 前頭部クッション
26 コネクタ
27 シャフト
28 部分円形開口
30 軸
32 可撓性部材
34 舌状体
36 中央突出ボタン
38 円弧状部分
40 溝
50 前頭部支持体
60 前頭部支持体
62 ヒンジ
Claims (26)
- 呼吸マスクに固定されるように構成された前頭部支持体であって、
呼吸マスクに固定するための連結部材と、
該連結部材に移動可能に取り付けられたクッションフレームとを有しており、
該クッションフレームは、一つ若しくはそれ以上の前頭部クッションを位置づけるように構成されており、且つ、連結部材に対して移動するように構成されており、
クッションフレームは、連結部材に対して二つ若しくはそれ以上の角度位置で選択的に位置決めされることができ、
クッションフレームは、上記一つ若しくはそれ以上の前頭部クッションを支持する上部交差部分を有し、
上部交差部分は、クッションフレームが回動する軸に対して実質的に平行である、前頭部支持体。 - 上記クッションフレームは、T字状であり、そのT字状の上記上部交差部分の両端に上記前頭部クッションを有している、請求項1記載の前頭部支持体。
- 上記クッションフレーム又は上記連結部材の一方は、二つ若しくはそれ以上の予め決められた角度位置の一つでクッションフレームと連結部材とを固定するように、クッションフレーム又は連結部材の他方に少なくとも二つ設けられる溝の一つの中に受け容れられるように構成された舌状体を含んでいる、請求項1又は2記載の前頭部支持体。
- 上記舌状体が、1対、上記クッションフレーム上に設けられており、
上記溝が、少なくとも2対、上記連結部材上に設けられている、請求項3記載の前頭部支持体。 - 上記クッションフレームは、軸の回りで上記連結部材に対してピボット運動し、
上記舌状体と上記溝は、該軸から径方向に延びるラインに対して実質的に平行に延びている、請求項4記載の前頭部支持体。 - 上記クッションフレームは、軸の回りで上記連結部材に対してピボット運動し、
上記舌状体と上記溝は、該軸から径方向に延びるラインに対して角度がつけられた方向に延びている、請求項4記載の前頭部支持体。 - 上記舌状体は、半剛性の部材上に設けられており、該半剛性の部材は、該半剛性の部材上での指先の操作で舌状体が溝から外れるのを許容するように構成されている、請求項4〜6のいずれかに記載の前頭部支持体。
- 上記舌状体は、上記半剛性の部材上での指先の操作を簡単にするように、上記クッションフレームから突出するように構成されたボタンに接続されている、請求項7記載の前頭部支持体。
- 上記クッションフレームは、そこにヘッドストラップを接続する手段を有する、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の前頭部支持体。
- 上記連結部材は、ポリプロピレン又はポリカーボネートから製造されている、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の前頭部支持体。
- 上記クッションフレームは、ポリプロピレン又はポリカーボネートから製造されている、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の前頭部支持体。
- 上記クッションフレームと上記連結部材は、一体成形されており、且つ、それらの間で相対的なピボット運動を許容する一体ヒンジによって連結されている、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の前頭部支持体。
- 上記クッションフレームが上記連結部材にピボット運動可能に取り付けられた時、上記クッションフレームは、上記連結部材に対して、該連結部材を横切る軸の回りでピボット運動するように構成されている、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の前頭部支持体。
- 上記クッションフレームは、上記連結部材のスロットを通して突出する押し下げ可能な押圧ボタンを有しており、
該押圧ボタンは、クッションフレームを連結部材に対して二つ若しくはそれ以上の角度位置で選択的に固定するように構成されている、請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の前頭部支持体。 - 上記クッションフレームは、上記連結部材に対してピボット運動するように構成されている、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の前頭部支持体。
- 上記上部交差部分は、弧に沿って移動するように構成されている、請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の前頭部支持体。
- 呼吸マスクと、該呼吸マスクに固定するように構成された前頭部支持体とを有する呼吸マスク組立体であって、
前頭部支持体は、呼吸マスクに固定するための連結部材と、該連結部材に移動可能に取り付けられたクッションフレームとを有しており、
クッションフレームは、一つ若しくはそれ以上の前頭部クッションを位置付けるように構成され、且つ、連結部材に対して移動するように構成されており、
上記クッションフレームは、連結部材に対して二つ若しくはそれ以上の角度位置で選択的に位置決めされることができ、
上記クッションフレームは、上記一つ若しくはそれ以上の前頭部クッションを支持する上部交差部分を有し、
上部交差部分は、クッションフレームが回動する軸に対して実質的に平行である、呼吸マスク組立体。 - 上記呼吸マスクは、そこにヘッドストラップを接続する手段を有する、請求項17記載の呼吸マスク組立体。
- 上記呼吸マスクは、マスクシェルとマスククッションとを有する、請求項17又は18記載の呼吸マスク組立体。
- 上記マスクシェルは、ポリプロピレン又はポリカーボネートから製造されている、請求項19記載の呼吸マスク組立体。
- 上記クッションフレームは、上記連結部材に対してピボット運動するように構成されている、請求項17〜20のいずれかに記載の呼吸マスク組立体。
- 上記上部交差部分は、弧に沿って移動するように構成されている、請求項17〜21のいずれかに記載の呼吸マスク組立体。
- 呼吸マスク組立体であって、
呼吸マスクと、
該呼吸マスクに連結部材を介して固定された前頭部支持体と、を有し、
前頭部支持体は、連結部材にピボット運動するように取り付けられたクッションフレームであって、クッションフレームが呼吸マスクに固定された時に呼吸マスクに対してピボット運動できるようになっているクッションフレームを有し、
少なくとも一つのクッションがクッションフレームに設けられ、
指で操作される調整制御部材がクッションフレームに設けられ、
該調整制御部材は、連結部材に対するクッションフレームの位置を予め決められた経路に沿って大略患者の前頭部に対して調整できるように移動可能であり、
クッションフレームが呼吸マスクに固定された時、クッションフレームは、連結部材に対して該連結部材を横切る軸の回りでピボット運動するように構成されており、
呼吸マスクは、加圧された可呼吸ガスが供給される回り屈曲部を有し、
連結部材は、呼吸マスクと一体成形されており、
クッションフレームは、両側に孔付きヘッドストラップコネクタを有し、
呼吸マスクは、マスクシェルとマスククッションとを有し、
マスクシェルは、両側に孔付きヘッドストラップコネクタを有する、呼吸マスク組立体。 - 上記呼吸マスクは、フルフェイスマスクである、請求項23記載の呼吸マスク組立体。
- 上記クッションフレームは、T字状である、請求項23又は24記載の呼吸マスク組立体。
- 上記クッションフレームは、上記連結部材に設けられた開口内に受け入れられるシャフトを有する、請求項23〜25のいずれかに記載の呼吸マスク組立体。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPQ1040A AUPQ104099A0 (en) | 1999-06-18 | 1999-06-18 | Forehead support for facial mask |
AUPQ1040 | 1999-06-18 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005004072A Division JP4738817B2 (ja) | 1999-06-18 | 2005-01-11 | 顔面マスクのための前頭部支持体 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011106504A Division JP5379185B2 (ja) | 1999-06-18 | 2011-05-11 | 顔面マスクのための前頭部支持体 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2010119895A JP2010119895A (ja) | 2010-06-03 |
JP4976519B2 true JP4976519B2 (ja) | 2012-07-18 |
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Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2001504444A Expired - Fee Related JP3686609B2 (ja) | 1999-06-18 | 2000-02-11 | 顔面マスクのための前頭部支持体 |
JP2005004072A Expired - Fee Related JP4738817B2 (ja) | 1999-06-18 | 2005-01-11 | 顔面マスクのための前頭部支持体 |
JP2010054721A Expired - Fee Related JP4976519B2 (ja) | 1999-06-18 | 2010-03-11 | 顔面マスクのための前頭部支持体 |
JP2011106504A Expired - Lifetime JP5379185B2 (ja) | 1999-06-18 | 2011-05-11 | 顔面マスクのための前頭部支持体 |
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JP2001504444A Expired - Fee Related JP3686609B2 (ja) | 1999-06-18 | 2000-02-11 | 顔面マスクのための前頭部支持体 |
JP2005004072A Expired - Fee Related JP4738817B2 (ja) | 1999-06-18 | 2005-01-11 | 顔面マスクのための前頭部支持体 |
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JP2011106504A Expired - Lifetime JP5379185B2 (ja) | 1999-06-18 | 2011-05-11 | 顔面マスクのための前頭部支持体 |
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US (7) | US6532961B1 (ja) |
EP (6) | EP2314339A1 (ja) |
JP (4) | JP3686609B2 (ja) |
AT (2) | ATE403460T1 (ja) |
AU (3) | AUPQ104099A0 (ja) |
DE (2) | DE60021884T2 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2433204T3 (ja) |
NZ (9) | NZ526167A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2000078384A1 (ja) |
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1999
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2000
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- 2000-02-11 ES ES08161868T patent/ES2433204T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2000-02-11 EP EP10185073A patent/EP2308538A1/en not_active Ceased
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