JP4971252B2 - 選択的アンドロゲン受容体調節剤及びその使用方法 - Google Patents
選択的アンドロゲン受容体調節剤及びその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
Matsumoto, Endocrinol. Met. Clin. N. Am. 23:857-75(1994) Zhou, et al., Molec. Endocrinol. 9:208-18(1995) Sundaram et al., "7 Alpha-Methyl-Nortestosterone(MENT): The Optimal Androgen For Male Contraception," Ann. Med., 25:199-205(1993)
ただし、Xは、Oであり、
Zは、NO2、CN、COR、又はCONHRであり、
Yは、I、CF3、Br、Cl、F、又はSn(R)3であり、
Qは、CNであり、
Tは、OH、OR、NHCOCH3、NHCOR、又はOC(O)Rであり、
Rは、アルキル、ハロアルキル、ジハロアルキル、トリハロアルキル、CH2F、CHF2、CF3、CF2CF3、アリル、フェニル、ハロゲン、アルケニル、又はOHであり、
R1は、CH3、CH2F、CHF2、CF3、CH2CH3、又はCF2CF3である。
ただし、Xは、Oであり、
Tは、OH、OR、NHCOCH3、NHCOR、又はOC(O)Rであり、
Zは、水素、アルキル、NO2、CN、COOH、COR、NHCOR、又はCONHRであり、
Yは、水素、アルキル、CF3、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシアルキル、又はアルキルアルデヒドであり、
Aは、
から選択される基である。ただし、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6は、互いに独立してH、ハロゲン、CN、NO2、NHCOCF3である基である。
さらに、Rは、アルキル、ハロアルキル、ジハロアルキル、トリハロアルキル、CH2F、CHF2、CF3、CF2CF3、アリル、フェニル、ハロゲン、アルケニル、又はOHであり、
R1は、CH3、CH2F、CHF2、CF3、CH2CH3、又はCF2CF3である。
ただし、Xは、Oであり、
Zは、NO2、CN、COR、又はCONHRであり、
Yは、I、CF3、Br、Cl、F、又はSn(R)3であり、
Qは、CNであり、
Tは、OH、OR、NHCOCH3、NHCOR、又はOC(O)Rであり、
Rは、アルキル、ハロアルキル、ジハロアルキル、トリハロアルキル、CH2F、CHF2、CF3、CF2CF3、アリル、フェニル、ハロゲン、アルケニル、又はOHであり、
R1は、CH3、CH2F、CHF2、CF3、CH2CH3、又はCF2CF3である。
ただし、Xは、Oであり、
Zは、NO2、CN、COR、又はCONHRであり、
Yは、I、CF3、Br、Cl、F、又はSn(R)3であり、
Rは、アルキル基、又はOHであり、
Qは、CNである。
ただし、Xは、Oであり、
Tは、OH、OR、NHCOCH3、NHCOR、又はOC(O)Rであり、
Zは、水素、アルキル、NO2、CN、COOH、COR、NHCOR、又はCONHRであり、
Yは、水素、アルキル、CF3、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシアルキル、又はアルキルアルデヒドであり、
Aは、
から選択される基である。ただし、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6は、互いに独立して、H、ハロゲン、CN、NO2、NHCOCF3である。
さらに、Rは、アルキル、ハロアルキル、ジハロアルキル、トリハロアルキル、CH2F、CHF2、CF3、CF2CF3、アリル、フェニル、ハロゲン、アルケニル、又はOHであり、
R1は、CH3、CH2F、CHF2、CF3、CH2CH3、又はCF2CF3である。
運動を司る骨格筋又は随意筋、心臓を制御する心筋、及び平滑筋がある。ある実施形態では、筋萎縮疾患又は障害は、慢性の筋萎縮疾患又は障害である。“慢性の筋萎縮”は、ここでは、筋肉量の慢性的(長期間持続する)な進行性消失、及び/又は、筋肉の慢性的な進行性衰弱及び変性と定義される。
近位筋の衰弱、圧痛、及び筋萎縮を経験する。
化学物質
化合物III、THT及びPTHを、1nMから1μMの濃度で用意した。
細胞培養材料は、すべてインビトロゲン(Invitrogen)(カールスバッド(CA))から入手した。大腿を70%のエタノール中で最初に洗浄し、ペニシリン及びストレプトマイシン各々5mlで3回洗浄した。大腿の両端を折り、骨髄細胞を50mlの円錐管へ入れ、ペニシリン、ストレプトマイシン及びフンギソンを含む15mlのMEMで洗い流し、冷蔵した。同じ手順をすべての大腿について行った。骨髄細胞を貯め、臨床用の遠心分離機で5分間、1000rpmで遠心分離を行った。10%の血清、ペニシリン、ストレプトマイシン及びフンギソンを追加したフェノールレッド不含のMEMに細胞を再懸濁した。22gのニードルによって細胞を粉にし、顕微鏡で数を数え、繊維芽細胞/骨芽細胞へ分化させるため、15%の血清、ペニシリン、ストレプトマイシン、300ng/mlのフンギソン、0.28mMのアスコルビン酸及び10mMのβ―グリセロン酸エステルを追加したフェノールレッド不含のMEM中に、6ウェルプレートの各ウェルにつき150万個の細胞をプレーティングした。また、破骨細胞へ分化させるため、10%の血清、ペニシリン、ストレプトマイシン及び300ng/mlのフンギソンを追加したフェノールレッド不含のMEM中に、24ウェルプレートプレートの各ウェルにつき250万個の細胞をプレーティングした。2日目に培養液を交換し、望ましいホルモンで細胞を処理した。破骨細胞形成を引き起こすために、破骨細胞培地を、50ngのRANKリガンド及び10ngのGM−CSFがある状態とした。破骨細胞培地用に、培養液を3日毎に完全交換した。繊維芽細胞培地については、細胞によって成長因子が分泌されるようにするために、培養液の半分を3日毎に交換した。
12日目の終わりに、繊維芽細胞培地用に10%の緩衝ホルマリン液及び、破骨細胞培地用にホルムアルデヒド4%のPBSに細胞を移した。繊維芽細胞はアルカリフォスファターゼ活性のために染色され、405nmのO.D.は前述されたような分光測光器を使用して測定された。破骨細胞を、耐酒石酸塩性の酸性ホスファターゼ活性(TRAP)染色させた。また、2つ以上の核がある細胞を顕微鏡で数え、前述のようにプロットした。
〈SARMは骨髄細胞の骨芽細胞及び破骨細胞への分化に対する強力な誘導因子である〉
アンドロゲンは骨に同化作用を与え、前立腺癌及び老齢におけるアンドロゲン枯渇療法のような条件下でのアンドロゲンの不足は、骨保護ホルモンとしてのアンドロゲンの利点を明白に示した。しかしながら、異所性アンドロゲン(ectopic androgen)の使用は、その副作用のために、また、アンドロゲンのエストロゲンへの転換の危険性のために制限されている。
メスで、処女で、無傷のSDラット(Sprague-Dawley rat)60匹をチャールズ・リバー研究所(Charles River Laboratories)(ウィルミントン、マサチューセッツ州)から入手し、23週齢に育てた。ケージ1個当たり2〜3匹の動物を収容し、12時間の明暗サイクルで飼育した。エサ(7012C LM-485マウス/ラット、滅菌ダイエット、ハーラン・テクラッド社(Harlan Telclad)、マディソン、ウィスコンシン州)及び水は、不断給餌で供給した。テネシー大学の動物の管理及び使用に関する委員会(The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee)は、この研究用に動物プロトコルを調査・承認している。
大腿骨の3点曲げ試験により大腿骨の最大荷重を測定した。結果を図3に示す。無傷媒体対照群(210N)とOVX媒体対照群(212N)との間に違いは観察されなかった。無傷及びOVX群において、化合物IIIを処置した群の最大荷重がそれぞれ224及び233ニュートンに増加する傾向があることが観察された。アレンドロン酸(213N)及びアレンドロン酸+化合物III(270N)群は、対照群と同じであった。
およそ200gの重さのオスのSDラットを、ハーラン・バイオプロダクト・フォー・サイエンス(Harlan Bioproducts for Science)(インディアナポリス、インディアナ州)から購入した。動物は、12時間の明暗サイクルで飼育し、食物(7012C LM-485マウス/ラット、滅菌ダイエット、ハーラン・テクラッド社、マディソン、ウィスコンシン州)及び水を不断給餌で供給した。動物プロトコルは、テネシー大学の動物の管理及び使用に関する委員会によって調査され承認された。無傷の動物に対する化合物IIIのタンパク同化作用及びアンドロゲン活性について評価し、精巣摘除(ORX)を急性的に施した動物に対する容量反応についても同様に評価した。慢性的な(9日)ORXのラットに対する化合物IIIの再生効果についても評価した。
化合物IIIの処置を受けた前立腺重量は、0.01、0.03、0.1、0.3、0.75及び1mg/日の投与の後、それぞれ無傷対照群の111%±21%、88%±15%、77%±17%、71%±16%、71%±10%及び87%±13%であった(図5)。同様に、精嚢重量は、0.01、0.03、0.1、0.3、0.75及び1mg/日の投与の後、それぞれ無傷対照群の94%±9%、77%±11%、80%±9%、73%±12%、77%±10%及び88%±14%に減少した。著しい増加は偽物動物の肛門挙筋重量に見られたが、無傷群と比較するとすべての投与量群に増加が見られた。肛門挙筋重量は、0.01、0.03、0.1、0.3、0.75及び1mg/日の投与の後、それぞれ無傷対照群の120%±12%、116%±7%、128%±7%、134%±7%、125%±9%及び146%±17%であった。結果を図5にグラフで示す。
動物の血清LH及びFSHデータを表1に示した。LHは無傷動物及び去勢した動物の両方で用量依存的に減少した。0.1mg/日より多い投与の後、LHレベルは定量限界(0.07ng/mL)未満となった。ORX動物における0.1mg/日の投与量は、LHを無傷対照群で見られたレベルに戻した。同様の結果はFSHでも観察された。無傷動物では、FSHレベルの著しい減少は、0.75mg/日の投与量で観察された。ORX動物では、FSHレベルの用量依存的減少が観察された。ORX動物における0.1mg/日より多い化合物IIIの投与量は、FSHレベルを無傷対照群のレベルに戻した。
化合物IIIはORX動物の前立腺重量及び精嚢重量の両方を部分的に回復させた。0.01、0.03、0.1、0.3、0.75及び1mg/日の投与群につき、前立腺は、それぞれ無傷対照群の9%±3%、11%±3%、23%±5%、50%±13%、62%±12%及び71%±5%に回復され、一方、精嚢は、それぞれ無傷対照群の7%±1%、9%±1%、23%±8%、49%±5%、67%±12%及び67%±11%に回復された。化合物IIIは、0.1mg/日より多い投与量で肛門挙筋重量を完全に回復させた。肛門挙筋重量は、0.01、0.03、0.1、0.3、0.75及び1mg/日の投与群に対して、それぞれ56%±7%、82%±9%、103%±11%、112%±11%、121%±7%及び120%±7%に回復された。結果を図8にグラフで示す。EmaxとED50の値をWinNonlinの非線形回帰分析によって各組織で決定し、図9に示した。Emax値は、前立腺、精嚢及び肛門挙筋でそれぞれ75%±8%、73%±3%及び126%±4%であった。ED50の値は、前立腺、精嚢及び肛門挙筋でそれぞれ0.22%±0.05%、0.21%±0.02%及び0.013%±0.01%であった。
最大12人の健康な男性ボランティアの集団を、二重盲検試験で無作為に各投与量レベル(9人は活性、3人はプラシーボ)で投薬した。8つの集団を集め(18歳から45歳で)、溶液中に化合物IIIを1、3、10、30又は100mgのいずれかに対応する投与量を溶解した(或いは同じ量のPEG300のプラシーボ)1回の経口投与を、又は3mg若しくは30mgの実験用カプセルを各集団に与えた。微粉化の(すなわち、粒子サイズを縮小した)影響は、30mgの固体の経口投薬形式で化合物IIIの薬物動態解析を行った。投与後72時間に渡り親薬物のサンプルを得た。
PEG300ベース溶液中の化合物IIIの投与(1、3、10、30及び100mg)は、胃腸管から急速に吸収された。投与量レベルはすべて、収集した最後の時点(72時間)まで、定量化可能な血漿化合物III濃度となった(図10〜12)。化合物IIIへの暴露(Cmax及びAUC)は、投与量の増加につれて増加し、1mgから100mgの投与量に及ぶ溶液について線形的となった。Tmaxは、化合物III溶液で、0.8時間と2.3時間との間(中央値=1.0時間)であり、固体の経口製剤で、処方後3.2時間と3.9時間との間であった(図10、図11)。ターミナル排出半減期は、1mg〜100mgの溶液及び3mgのカプセルでは、19時間から22時間(中央値=20時間)であり、微粉化及び非微粉化では30mgのカプセルで27時間及び31時間に増大されたが、著しい変化ではなかった(p>0.1)。経口クリアランスは逆に、半減期に関連して、30mgの非微粉化カプセルで、他の投薬形式及び投与量と比較して最長の半減期及び最低のクリアランスを示した。3mgの非微粉化カプセル及び溶液は、等しく体内に吸収され利用できたが、より高い投与量(30mg)では、微粉化は経口投与可能性を改善した(p<0.05)(図12)。薬の排出相を超える共通の第2ピークによって示唆されるように、肝胆汁システムによる腸肝循環が親薬物の再分配に役立つことが可能である。
SARMは、米国特許出願公開番号2004/0014975A1記載のような方法に従って本質的に合成される。アルゼット(Alzet)浸透圧ポンプ(モデル2002)はアルザ社(Alzet Corp.)(パロアルト、カリフォルニア州)から購入可能である。
重さ90から100gの未成熟のオスのSDラットを、群当たり少なくとも5匹の動物として各群へ無作為に分けた。薬物療法の開始前のある日、動物をケージから個々に取り出し、計量し、ケタミン/キシラジン(87/13mg/kg;1kg当たりおよそ1mL)の腹腔内投与で麻酔をかけた。適切に麻酔がかかったとき(すなわち、足指をつまんでも反応がないとき)、動物の耳に識別目的で標識を付した。その後、動物を無菌パッドの上に置き、腹及び陰嚢をベータダイン(betadine)及び70%のアルコールで洗浄した。各精巣の外科的切除に先立って精巣組織を結紮するために使用されている無菌縫合で、陰嚢正中切開によって精巣を切除した。無菌のステンレス創傷クリップで傷口を閉じ、ベータダインで傷口を衛生処理した。無菌パッドの上で動物が回復するまで(立つことができるようになるまで)待ち、ケージに戻した。
100匹のSDラットラット(50匹のオス及び50匹のメス)を、5つの群(各群ごとに各性につきn=10)に分け、1つを媒体のみの群(PEG300:40%Cavasol(登録商標)[75/25(v/v)]に、そして4つを化合物IIIの投与群とした。最新の体重にしたがって、0、3、30又は100mg/kgのいずれかの投与量で、化合物IIIを強制経口投与によって毎日動物に処置した。研究期間中、ラットには水及びHarlanTakladRodent Chowの標準的実験用エサを不断給餌で与えた。28日の連続投薬の後、一夜動物に食を与えず、血清を生成するために血液サンプルを採集した。自動研究分析方法を使用して、総コレステロールの血中濃度を測定した。
媒体のみの群(0mg/kg)のオス及びメスのラットは、総血清コレステロール値がそれぞれ、92±13.5及び102±13mg/dLであった。これらの値は、研究所の正常な経験的範囲内にあると考えられる。3mg/kg若しくはそれ以上の化合物IIIの毎日の経口投与量は、オス及びメスの両方のラットの総コレステロールレベルに著しい減少をもたらした。3mg/kgでは、媒体対照動物と比較して、およそ30%の総コレステロールの減少が認められ、オス及びメスはそれぞれ、63±17.4及び74±14.2mg/dLであった。わずかに大きな結果が、最も高い投与量群(1日当たり100mg/kg)で認められたが、一般に、容量反応の関係は、SDラットの総コレステロールレベルの減少には観察されなかった。結果を図15にグラフで示す。
Claims (29)
- 前記骨関連疾患が、骨粗鬆症、骨減少症、骨吸収増加、骨折、骨脆弱性、骨密度(BMD)減少、又はそれらの任意の組み合わせであることを特徴とする請求項1の使用。
- 前記組成物が、アレンドロネートを更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1の使用。
- 前記組成物が、アレンドロネートを更に含むことを特徴とする請求項4の使用。
- 前記骨が、皮質骨であることを特徴とする請求項4の使用。
- 前記骨が、小柱状の骨又は海綿質骨であることを特徴とする請求項4の使用。
- 前記SARM化合物が、骨芽細胞形成を促進又は増進することを特徴とする請求項4の使用。
- 前記SARM化合物が、破骨細胞増殖を抑制することを特徴とする請求項4の使用。
- 前記患者が、筋肉減少症又はカヘキシーを有することを特徴とする請求項4の使用。
- 前記患者が、骨粗鬆症を有することを特徴とする請求項6の使用。
- 前記骨粗鬆症が、ホルモン的に誘発されることを特徴とする請求項6の使用。
- 前記組成物が、アレンドロネートを更に含むことを特徴とする請求項13の使用。
- 前記筋肉萎縮症が、病態、疾病、病気又は容態に起因することを特徴とする請求項15の使用。
- 前記病態、疾病、病気又は容態が、神経性、感染性、慢性的又は遺伝的であることを特徴とする請求項16の使用。
- 前記病態、疾病、病気又は容態が、筋ジストロフィー、筋肉萎縮症、X連鎖性球脊髄性筋肉萎縮症(SBMA)、カヘキシー、栄養不良、ライ病、糖尿病、腎疾患、慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)、ガン、末期腎不全、筋肉減少症、気腫、骨軟化症、HIV感染、エイズ、うっ血性心不全(CHF)又は心筋疾患であることを特徴とする請求項17の使用。
- 前記筋肉萎縮症が、加齢に伴う筋肉萎縮症、廃用性の身体機能低下に関連する筋肉萎縮症であるか、又は前記筋肉萎縮症が、慢性下背部痛、熱傷、中枢神経系(CNS)の損傷又は障害、末梢神経の損傷又は障害、脊髄の損傷又は障害、化学的損傷又は障害、又はアルコール中毒に起因することを特徴とする請求項15の使用。
- 前記患者が、ホルモンの不均衡、障害又は病気を有することを特徴とする請求項21の使用。
- 前記患者が、更年期障害を有することを特徴とする請求項22の使用。
- 前記SARMが、前記患者の除脂肪体重を増加させることを特徴とする請求項22の使用。
- 前記医薬が、液体状で静脈内に、動脈内に、又は筋肉内に投与されるか、前記患者にペレット形状で皮下に移植されるか、液体又は固体形状で経口投与されるか、液体又は固体形状で舌下に投与されるか、又は前記患者の粘膜表面に局所的に塗布されることを特徴とする請求項1、4、13、15、20、21、25、及び26のいずれかの使用。
- 前記医薬が、ペレット、錠剤、カプセル、溶液、懸濁液、乳濁液、エリキシル、ゲル、クリーム、坐剤又は非経口的製剤形態であることを特徴とする請求項1、4、13、15、20、21、25、及び26のいずれかの使用。
- 前記医薬が、微粉末化又は非微粉末化カプセルの製剤形態であることを特徴とする請求項28に記載の使用。
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WO1998053826A1 (en) * | 1997-05-30 | 1998-12-03 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Non-steroidal agonist compounds and their use in male hormone therapy |
AU8523001A (en) * | 2000-08-24 | 2002-03-04 | Gtx Inc | Selective androgen receptor modulators and methods of use thereof |
US20060019931A1 (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2006-01-26 | Dalton James T | Treating bone-related disorders with selective androgen receptor modulators |
US20030232792A1 (en) * | 2000-08-24 | 2003-12-18 | Dalton James T. | Selective androgen receptor modulators and methods of use thereof |
US7026500B2 (en) * | 2000-08-24 | 2006-04-11 | University Of Tennessee Research Foundation | Halogenated selective androgen receptor modulators and methods of use thereof |
US6838484B2 (en) * | 2000-08-24 | 2005-01-04 | University Of Tennessee Research Foundation | Formulations comprising selective androgen receptor modulators |
BR0215115A (pt) * | 2001-12-06 | 2005-04-19 | Gtx Inc | Tratamento de perda muscular com moduladores de receptores de androgênio seletivos |
BRPI0307699A2 (pt) * | 2002-02-07 | 2015-06-16 | Gtx Inc | Tratamento de hiperplasia benigna da próstata com sarms. |
BR0308176A (pt) * | 2002-02-28 | 2005-01-04 | Univ Tennessee Res Foundation | Moduladores seletivos receptores de androgênio multi-substituìdos e seus métodos de uso |
US20040087810A1 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2004-05-06 | Dalton James T. | Irreversible selective androgen receptor modulators and methods of use thereof |
FI20030958A0 (fi) * | 2003-06-27 | 2003-06-27 | Orion Corp | Uusia yhdisteitä |
CN1805921A (zh) * | 2003-12-16 | 2006-07-19 | Gtx公司 | 选择性雄激素受体调节剂的前药及其使用方法 |
PL1753417T3 (pl) * | 2004-06-07 | 2012-09-28 | Univ Tennessee Res Found | Selektywny modulator receptora androgenowego i jego zastosowania medyczne |
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EA200602278A1 (ru) | 2007-04-27 |
AU2005251781A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
EP1753417B1 (en) | 2012-04-04 |
IL178716A0 (en) | 2007-02-11 |
EA011306B1 (ru) | 2009-02-27 |
JP2008266350A (ja) | 2008-11-06 |
EA200802181A1 (ru) | 2009-02-27 |
PL1753417T3 (pl) | 2012-09-28 |
DK2289872T3 (en) | 2017-10-09 |
EP2289872A2 (en) | 2011-03-02 |
CY1120469T1 (el) | 2019-07-10 |
WO2005120483A2 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
BRPI0511308B8 (pt) | 2021-05-25 |
MXPA06013958A (es) | 2007-03-15 |
JP2007513980A (ja) | 2007-05-31 |
AU2005251781B2 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
IL178716A (en) | 2014-04-30 |
BRPI0511308B1 (pt) | 2019-07-02 |
CA2543827A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
ATE552235T1 (de) | 2012-04-15 |
EP1753417A2 (en) | 2007-02-21 |
EP2289872A3 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
WO2005120483A3 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
PL2289872T3 (pl) | 2017-12-29 |
BRPI0511308A (pt) | 2007-12-04 |
EA011306B8 (ru) | 2012-10-30 |
GEP20094851B (en) | 2009-12-10 |
CA2543827C (en) | 2010-03-09 |
EP1753417A4 (en) | 2008-07-09 |
EP2289872B1 (en) | 2017-08-02 |
AU2005251781C1 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
JP4201818B2 (ja) | 2008-12-24 |
EA018699B1 (ru) | 2013-10-30 |
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