JP4860961B2 - 水素透過合金 - Google Patents
水素透過合金 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4860961B2 JP4860961B2 JP2005243047A JP2005243047A JP4860961B2 JP 4860961 B2 JP4860961 B2 JP 4860961B2 JP 2005243047 A JP2005243047 A JP 2005243047A JP 2005243047 A JP2005243047 A JP 2005243047A JP 4860961 B2 JP4860961 B2 JP 4860961B2
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 108
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 108
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 101
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000808 amorphous metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0687—Reactant purification by the use of membranes or filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0074—Inorganic membrane manufacture from melts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/022—Metals
- B01D71/0221—Group 4 or 5 metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/022—Metals
- B01D71/0223—Group 8, 9 or 10 metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/018—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of a noble metal or a noble metal alloy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/501—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion
- C01B3/503—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion characterised by the membrane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/02—Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/16—Hydrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/12—Specific ratios of components used
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S420/00—Alloys or metallic compositions
- Y10S420/90—Hydrogen storage
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
水素の大量生産の方法としては、(1)非化石資源を利用する水の電気分解による方法と、(2)化石資源を利用する炭化水素の改質による方法がある。(1)の電気分解法では、電力源として太陽光発電で得た電気を用いて行う水の電気分解が研究されているが、現在の技術レベルでは実用化は困難である。従って、当面は(2)の炭化水素の水蒸気改質で水素を製造することが現実的である。
金属膜における水素の透過機構は次の通りである。金属膜を挟んで水素の圧力差がある時、高圧力側では水素分子(H2)が金属表面で原子(H)に解離して金属に溶解し、侵入・拡散する。この水素原子は、金属膜を透過して低圧力側表面でH2に再結合して飛び出し、その結果、水素の精製が行われる。金属膜による水素の精製は、分離係数と透過係数が極めて大きいことが特徴である。金属膜を用いる水素の精製では、例えば、99%程度の水素を99.99999%程度に純化することが可能である。従って、燃料電池用高純度水素の精製には、金属膜による膜分離法が適しているといえる。
V、Nb、TaはPd合金と比較して優れた水素透過性能を有することが知られている。しかしながら、これらの元素は水素溶解量が非常に大きく、単体では水素脆化に伴う割れが容易に生じる。そのため、合金化により水素溶解量を低下させることが必要となるが、一般的に耐割れ性を向上させる元素を添加すると水素透過性能は低下する。前述の特許には添加元素の種類やその主についての明確な記述がないために、優れた水素透過性能と耐割れ性を具備した実用的な水素透過合金を得ることはできない。
Nb x Ti y Co (100−x−y−a)・ M a
ただし、x<70、10<y<60、Mは、Fe、CuまたはMnの一種であり、
MがFeまたはCuの場合、1≦a≦14、MがMnの場合、1≦a≦9
Nb:xが70mol%以上であると水素脆化が著しく、水素透過合金として適さない。したがって、Nbのモル比xを70%未満とする。
Ti:yが10<y<60の範囲を逸脱すると、鋳造状態で脆性を示すため、水素透過合金として適さない。
(a)Fe:1〜14mol%
Feは、水素導入時の耐割れ性を付与させる理由により1mol%以上の含有が必要である。一方、14mol%を超えると、加工性が低下するのでFe含有量は、上記範囲とする。
(b)Cu:1〜14mol%
Cuは、水素導入時の耐割れ性を付与させる理由により1mol%以上の含有が必要である。一方、14mol%を超えると、耐水素脆性が低下するのでCu含有量は、上記範囲とする。
(c)Mn:1〜9mol%
Mnは、水素導入時の耐割れ性を付与させる理由により1mol%以上の含有が必要である。一方、9mol%を超えると、加工性が低下するのでMn含有量は、上記範囲とする。
Nb x Ti y Co (100−x−y−a)・ M a
ただし、x<70、10<y<60、Mは、Fe、CuまたはMnの一種であり、
MがFeまたはCuの場合、1≦a≦14、MがMnの場合、1≦a≦9
作製した合金インゴットは、ワイヤー放電加工機によって直径12mm、厚さ約1mmのディスク状に加工した。両面を鏡面研磨した後に、表面に酸化防止性、及び、水素吸収もしくは解離のための触媒性を持たせるために、スパッタリング法を用いてPdを約200nm成膜したものを試験片とした。
表1に示す水素透過係数(φ)と水素透過流量には次式(1)に示す関係がある。
但し、J:水素透過流量、I:試料厚さ、A:透過面積
P1:一次側水素圧力、P2:二次側水素圧力
これに対し比較例1〜5の合金については、延性が低く、試験片を作製するまでの間に割れが生じた。また、比較例6と7の合金については、試験片は作製できたものの、試験片への水素導入により割れが生じ、耐水素脆性が良好ではなかった。
Claims (1)
- 水素透過性と耐水素脆性を兼ね備えたNb−Ti−Co合金において、第四元素としてFe又はCuもしくはMnを含み、下記一般式で示されることを特徴とする水素透過合金。
Nb x Ti y Co (100−x−y−a)・ M a
ただし、x<70、10<y<60、Mは、Fe、CuまたはMnの一種であり、
MがFeまたはCuの場合、1≦a≦14、MがMnの場合、1≦a≦9
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005243047A JP4860961B2 (ja) | 2005-08-24 | 2005-08-24 | 水素透過合金 |
CA2541043A CA2541043C (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2006-03-28 | Hydrogen permeable alloy |
US11/390,186 US7597842B2 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2006-03-28 | Hydrogen permeable alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005243047A JP4860961B2 (ja) | 2005-08-24 | 2005-08-24 | 水素透過合金 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2007056313A JP2007056313A (ja) | 2007-03-08 |
JP4860961B2 true JP4860961B2 (ja) | 2012-01-25 |
Family
ID=37770770
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005243047A Expired - Fee Related JP4860961B2 (ja) | 2005-08-24 | 2005-08-24 | 水素透過合金 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7597842B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4860961B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2541043C (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202012013304U1 (de) * | 2012-09-27 | 2016-02-15 | Mahnken & Partner GmbH | Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Wasserstoff |
CN110527843B (zh) * | 2019-09-25 | 2020-10-02 | 西北有色金属研究院 | 一种高铌钛合金均质铸锭的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5939493B2 (ja) * | 1982-07-05 | 1984-09-25 | 工業技術院長 | チタン−コバルト多元系水素吸蔵用合金 |
JPS619544A (ja) * | 1984-06-26 | 1986-01-17 | Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co Ltd | チタン系水素吸蔵用合金 |
JP3379555B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-22 | 2003-02-24 | 株式会社アイ・エイチ・アイ・エアロスペース | アルミナと気密性の高い接合が可能な脱ガス特性に優れたチタンニオブ合金 |
JPH11276866A (ja) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-12 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | 水素透過膜及びその作製方法 |
JPH11276867A (ja) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-12 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | 水素透過膜の接合方法 |
JP3528599B2 (ja) * | 1998-05-21 | 2004-05-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 水素吸蔵合金 |
JP2000159503A (ja) * | 1998-11-20 | 2000-06-13 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Nb合金水素分離膜 |
US7001446B2 (en) * | 2002-03-05 | 2006-02-21 | Eltron Research, Inc. | Dense, layered membranes for hydrogen separation |
JP3935851B2 (ja) * | 2002-05-20 | 2007-06-27 | 福田金属箔粉工業株式会社 | 水素分離膜及びその製造方法 |
-
2005
- 2005-08-24 JP JP2005243047A patent/JP4860961B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-03-28 CA CA2541043A patent/CA2541043C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-28 US US11/390,186 patent/US7597842B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2541043A1 (en) | 2007-02-24 |
JP2007056313A (ja) | 2007-03-08 |
US20070048171A1 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
CA2541043C (en) | 2012-07-10 |
US7597842B2 (en) | 2009-10-06 |
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