JP4599901B2 - 二次電池用非水電解液及びそれを用いる非水電解液二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用非水電解液及びそれを用いる非水電解液二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4599901B2 JP4599901B2 JP2004179694A JP2004179694A JP4599901B2 JP 4599901 B2 JP4599901 B2 JP 4599901B2 JP 2004179694 A JP2004179694 A JP 2004179694A JP 2004179694 A JP2004179694 A JP 2004179694A JP 4599901 B2 JP4599901 B2 JP 4599901B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- tolyl
- propyl
- butyl
- bis
- ethyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- -1 cyclic carbonate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 170
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 19
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 19
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 16
- 125000004206 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 11
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 10
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000003261 o-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 9
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 9
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 6
- UOKRBSXOBUKDGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylphosphonic acid Chemical class CCCCP(O)(O)=O UOKRBSXOBUKDGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 6
- LYYXRDZATAMURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylphosphonous acid Chemical compound CCP(O)O LYYXRDZATAMURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 5
- MBSBEPKNMCXGPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butoxyphosphinous acid Chemical compound CCCCOPO MBSBEPKNMCXGPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- IXDCDCSAQJHPRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propoxyphosphinous acid Chemical compound CCCOPO IXDCDCSAQJHPRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- CAHISRVKQBZLDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyphosphinous acid Chemical compound CCOPO CAHISRVKQBZLDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BJXAIVXSRBHVIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl phenyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 BJXAIVXSRBHVIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003784 fluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- PMVVRSKJCGEFIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonous acid Chemical class CP(O)O PMVVRSKJCGEFIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- AATNZNJRDOVKDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[ethoxy(ethyl)phosphoryl]oxyethane Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(CC)OCC AATNZNJRDOVKDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UYZVHZQNLYABBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=CC(=CC=C1)OPO Chemical compound CC1=CC(=CC=C1)OPO UYZVHZQNLYABBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- NCGTZRIFQHUGMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl methyl phenyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCOP(OC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 NCGTZRIFQHUGMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- QCKLYDQORUPOIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl dimethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OC)OC QCKLYDQORUPOIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- YACKEPLHDIMKIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonic acid Chemical class CP(O)(O)=O YACKEPLHDIMKIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NSETWVJZUWGCKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylphosphonic acid Chemical class CCCP(O)(O)=O NSETWVJZUWGCKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HXKIEQJDGGIINZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethylphosphonous acid Chemical compound OP(O)C(F)(F)F HXKIEQJDGGIINZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JLEXUIVKURIPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.OCC(N)(CO)CO JLEXUIVKURIPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DQSRPXZYVBSVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3,6-trimethylphenyl) dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)C)OP(=O)(O)O)C DQSRPXZYVBSVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZYKKDUDHPQKBOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylphenyl)phosphonous acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P(O)O ZYKKDUDHPQKBOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DOWOTTZXYBAQRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,4-dimethylphenoxy)-methylphosphinic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(OP(C)(O)=O)C=C1C DOWOTTZXYBAQRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LBDZCXKTYIWLNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylphenyl)phosphonous acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(P(O)O)C=C1 LBDZCXKTYIWLNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GANLTZNUCYHOIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylphosphonous acid Chemical compound OP(O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F GANLTZNUCYHOIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PVBGKAMVCZUNFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propoxyphosphonoyloxypropane Chemical compound CCCOP(=O)OCCC PVBGKAMVCZUNFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 2
- SPBCEEKXPLTGNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(CCCCC1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)P(C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1CCCCC1)(C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1CCCCC1)=O Chemical compound C1(CCCCC1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)P(C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1CCCCC1)(C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1CCCCC1)=O SPBCEEKXPLTGNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JTXBRFQEVDETOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)OP(C)O)C Chemical compound CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)OP(C)O)C JTXBRFQEVDETOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKQSPTDUAUKVLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC1=C(C=CC(=C1)OP(C)O)C Chemical compound CCC1=C(C=CC(=C1)OP(C)O)C FKQSPTDUAUKVLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLXZKWSQTAYKFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC1=C(C)C=CC(C)=C1OP(O)(O)=O Chemical compound CCCC1=C(C)C=CC(C)=C1OP(O)(O)=O JLXZKWSQTAYKFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRTYATZAXJFQRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC1=C(C=CC(=C1)OP(=O)(C)O)C Chemical compound CCCC1=C(C=CC(=C1)OP(=O)(C)O)C ZRTYATZAXJFQRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKAMSRPOOKPCLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC1=C(C=CC(=C1)OP(C)O)C Chemical compound CCCC1=C(C=CC(=C1)OP(C)O)C DKAMSRPOOKPCLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YFIRMNVIJDGBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCOP(OC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound CCCOP(OC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 YFIRMNVIJDGBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YDMIEULTDZDORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCP(=O)(CCC)C1CCCC1 Chemical compound CCCP(=O)(CCC)C1CCCC1 YDMIEULTDZDORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZFAFZAUBEFDIHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCP(C1=CC=C(C)C=C1)=O Chemical compound CCCP(C1=CC=C(C)C=C1)=O ZFAFZAUBEFDIHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRCCITSZZOSEEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCP(=O)(CC)C1CCCC1 Chemical compound CCP(=O)(CC)C1CCCC1 YRCCITSZZOSEEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DFJAMCZWMMNAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N COP(OC(F)(F)F)OC(F)(F)F Chemical compound COP(OC(F)(F)F)OC(F)(F)F DFJAMCZWMMNAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXIZKYLLCGELEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N CP(CCC1CCCC1)=O Chemical compound CP(CCC1CCCC1)=O AXIZKYLLCGELEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYHHTEDTAROYMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=P(C1CCCCCC1)(OC1CCCCCC1)OC1CCCCCC1 Chemical compound O=P(C1CCCCCC1)(OC1CCCCCC1)OC1CCCCCC1 OYHHTEDTAROYMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical group P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IDFZMPLEPJYUHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [cyclopentyl(methyl)phosphoryl]cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1P(=O)(C)C1CCCC1 IDFZMPLEPJYUHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005600 alkyl phosphonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Substances [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UNMOPDBHVFMECN-UHFFFAOYSA-N butoxy(phenyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCOP(O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UNMOPDBHVFMECN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OOSPDKSZPPFOBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical class CCCCOP(O)O OOSPDKSZPPFOBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FLQMUXPHTZGLKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(methyl)phosphinous acid Chemical compound CCCCP(C)O FLQMUXPHTZGLKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWZIPFYROHEQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylphosphonous acid Chemical compound CCCCP(O)O ISWZIPFYROHEQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MAWOHFOSAIXURX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentylcyclopentane Chemical group C1CCCC1C1CCCC1 MAWOHFOSAIXURX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEHMFCHHUCLZBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di(cycloheptyl)phosphorylcycloheptane Chemical compound C1(CCCCCC1)P(C1CCCCCC1)(C1CCCCCC1)=O LEHMFCHHUCLZBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BMPAPDDJWFXXRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylphosphorylcyclopentane Chemical compound CCCCP(=O)(CCCC)C1CCCC1 BMPAPDDJWFXXRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEFPWWWXFFNJAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylphosphorylcyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)(=O)C1CCCCC1 LEFPWWWXFFNJAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLORAJAXZBEDKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclopentylphosphorylcyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1P(C1CCCC1)(=O)C1CCCC1 NLORAJAXZBEDKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBXFAVVDFPWMPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(ethyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCOP(CC)OCC YBXFAVVDFPWMPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LXCYSACZTOKNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(oxo)phosphanium Chemical compound CCO[P+](=O)OCC LXCYSACZTOKNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UTZAXPKCGJZGLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl methyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OC)OCC UTZAXPKCGJZGLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IDUSTNHRSGBKQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl phenyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IDUSTNHRSGBKQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLGKKDZDZBIMRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phenyl phosphite Chemical compound COP(OC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XLGKKDZDZBIMRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZUNGGJHBMLMRFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-O ethoxy-hydroxy-oxophosphanium Chemical compound CCO[P+](O)=O ZUNGGJHBMLMRFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GATNOFPXSDHULC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylphosphonic acid Chemical class CCP(O)(O)=O GATNOFPXSDHULC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YNVATBLOBSCTTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxyphosphinous acid Chemical compound COPO YNVATBLOBSCTTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SBKKNXWJUVBJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-(4-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CP(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 SBKKNXWJUVBJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005001 laminate film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NATDUPNLZOZJLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(dipropyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCP(OC)CCC NATDUPNLZOZJLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEVUEPDGQRUFHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)OP(=O)(OC)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F VEVUEPDGQRUFHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPXDTULTYTZDQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COP(=O)(OC)OCC(F)(F)F QPXDTULTYTZDQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCDUWWQPWQEZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COP(OC)OCC(F)(F)F ZCDUWWQPWQEZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFAIZHHVQJDYKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl bis(2-methylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C)C=1OP(=O)(OC)OC1=CC=CC=C1C SFAIZHHVQJDYKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUXHPPIVOXVGBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl bis(3-methylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1OP(=O)(OC)OC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 FUXHPPIVOXVGBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NADHOZRQWRXDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl bis(4-methylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=C(C)C=CC=1OP(=O)(OC)OC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 NADHOZRQWRXDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUYYLQKBVSEIFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl bis(4-methylphenyl) phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=C(C)C=CC=1OP(OC)OC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 KUYYLQKBVSEIFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAWCSMREUZENFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl bis(trifluoromethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OP(=O)(OC)OC(F)(F)F KAWCSMREUZENFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOWPVJACXJNHBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)(OC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 VOWPVJACXJNHBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UJNZOIKQAUQOCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(diphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 UJNZOIKQAUQOCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCOCMUZFTUBKPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(dipropoxy)phosphane Chemical compound CCCOP(C)OCCC NCOCMUZFTUBKPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJIIWFKIAMTMDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(dipropyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCP(C)CCC OJIIWFKIAMTMDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVIKPQIHDFJNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(pentoxy)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCCOP(C)(O)=O KVIKPQIHDFJNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKNHJNXARFNZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(propoxy)phosphinous acid Chemical compound CCCOP(C)O DKNHJNXARFNZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBDWIOBYMRIBDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-(4-methylphenoxy)phosphane Chemical compound CPOC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 JBDWIOBYMRIBDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOTJIBCFYOPXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)phosphane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)P(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F FOTJIBCFYOPXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWCZVKYAXWJJTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphane Chemical compound CP(CC(F)(F)F)CC(F)(F)F BWCZVKYAXWJJTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOWOYSREBMUEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-bis(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C)C=1P(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C VOWOYSREBMUEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPHRMMVXSBWTCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-bis(3-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1P(C)C1=CC=CC(C)=C1 YPHRMMVXSBWTCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMLJLONQGFCDLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-phenyl-propylphosphane Chemical compound CCCP(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 UMLJLONQGFCDLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DNJMULWTHUVJHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-5-yl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCC(OP(O)(O)=O)CCCC DNJMULWTHUVJHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSQGFPZEUTUFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-5-yl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound CCCCC(OP(O)O)CCCC GSQGFPZEUTUFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- HLHZHCMELZFILJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCC(CCC)OP(O)(O)=O HLHZHCMELZFILJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXDLVUAMLJUXCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-4-yl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound CCCCC(CCC)OP(O)O TXDLVUAMLJUXCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYXWLGISSVQOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxaphosphepane Chemical group C1CCOPCC1 RYXWLGISSVQOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001254 oxidized starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013808 oxidized starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical class [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHJUOCDSZWMLRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(dipropoxy)phosphanium Chemical compound CCCO[P+](=O)OCCC CHJUOCDSZWMLRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSRKWUXYLYWDOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl(dipropyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCP(CCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 OSRKWUXYLYWDOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VXTFGYMINLXJPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinane Chemical group C1CCPCC1 VXTFGYMINLXJPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical class O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- IGEWAEJJYVDGJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl(propoxy)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCOP(O)(=O)C(C)C IGEWAEJJYVDGJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWBOOFOIEFTTHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylphosphonous acid Chemical compound CCCP(O)O MWBOOFOIEFTTHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N tert-butyl-[(1r,3s,5z)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-(2-diphenylphosphorylethylidene)-4-methylidenecyclohexyl]oxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=C)\C1=C/CP(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Substances CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTTGYFREQJCEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCOP(OCCCC)OCCCC XTTGYFREQJCEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylphosphine Chemical compound CCP(CC)CC RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFZKOODUSFUFIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro phosphate Chemical compound FOP(=O)(OF)OF JFZKOODUSFUFIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFHQUBBTFMBCQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro-[methyl(trifluoromethoxy)phosphoryl]oxymethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OP(=O)(C)OC(F)(F)F QFHQUBBTFMBCQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHSMKSKPNZKURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro-[methyl(trifluoromethyl)phosphoryl]methane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)P(=O)(C)C(F)(F)F GHSMKSKPNZKURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOWCVYPZGYRHHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro-[trifluoromethoxy(trifluoromethyl)phosphoryl]oxymethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OP(=O)(C(F)(F)F)OC(F)(F)F MOWCVYPZGYRHHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRWWLNYJXVGDTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound OP(O)OC(F)(F)F GRWWLNYJXVGDTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQAHNNMLPUNNNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethylphosphane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)P QQAHNNMLPUNNNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFLCNQHDPOAFFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydroxy-methyl-(4-methylphenyl)-lambda5-phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C1)P(C)(O)(O)O DFLCNQHDPOAFFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXPQRKFMDQNODS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCOP(=O)(OCCC)OCCC RXPQRKFMDQNODS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCTAHLRCZMOTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylphosphane Chemical compound CCCP(CCC)CCC KCTAHLRCZMOTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRMAQKVAROMHCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)phosphane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)P(C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YRMAQKVAROMHCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COP(=O)(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZHDCYGACFXUMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CP(CC(F)(F)F)CC(F)(F)F IZHDCYGACFXUMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXLDRFIVBLWESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trifluoromethyl)phosphane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)P(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F MXLDRFIVBLWESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
例えば、ノートパソコンは、ACアダプターを介して電源に接続した状態で使用される場合が多く、パソコン内部は、パソコン本体の発熱によって高温環境下に置かれている。また、携帯電話においても、車中に置き忘れたりした場合など、一時的に高温環境下に置かれることがある。このような高温環境下においては、電解液の分解が起こり、電池性能が著しく低下するという問題がある。
そこで、電池の物性を向上させるために電解液に各種の添加剤を加える検討がなされている。
本発明に係る二次電池用非水電解液の主成分は、常用の二次電池用非水電解液と同じく、溶質およびこれを溶解する非水系有機溶媒である。
溶質としては、通常リチウム塩を用いる。リチウム塩としては、この用途に用い得ることができるものであれば、従来公知のものを任意に使用できるが、例えば、以下のものが挙げられる。
1)無機リチウム塩:LiAsF6、LiPF6、LiBF4等の無機フッ化物塩、LiClO4、LiBrO4、LiIO4等の過ハロゲン酸塩。
2)有機リチウム塩:LiB(C6H5)4等の有機ホウ酸リチウム塩、LiPF3(CF3)3、LiBF4(CF3)2等の部分フッ素化有機リチウム塩、LiCH3SO3等のアルカンスルホン酸塩、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2C2F5)2等のパーフルオロアルカンスルホン酸イミド塩、LiCF3SO3等のパーフルオロアルカンスルホン酸塩。
非水系電解液中のリチウム塩の濃度は、通常0.5モル/リットル以上、好ましくは0.75モル/リットル以上であり、通常2.5モル/リットル以下、好ましくは1.5モル/リットル以下である。2種以上の塩を混合して用いる場合にはそれらの塩濃度の合計が上記範囲内にあれば良い。リチウム塩の濃度が高すぎても低すぎても電導度の低下が起き、電池特性が低下する恐れがある。
q、rおよびsは、それぞれ独立に、0または1を表し、q、rおよびsの和(q+r+s)は0、1、2または3、特に1または2であるのが好ましい。
ただし、p=1、かつq+r+s=1である場合を除く。
また、R1、R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基を表す。具体的には(i)置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1〜20の鎖状脂肪族炭化水素基、(ii)置換基を有していても良い炭素数3〜20の環状脂肪族炭化水素基、または(iii)置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6〜20の芳香族炭化水素である。
ハロゲン原子で置換された鎖状脂肪族炭化水素基としては、フルオロメチル基、ジフルオロメチル基、トリフルオロメチル基、2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル基、ペンタフルオロエチル基等のアルキル基などの鎖状脂肪族炭化水素基の一部又は全部がフッ素原子などのハロゲン原子で置換されたものが挙げられる。
これらのなかでも、ハロゲン原子以外の置換基で置換されていてもよい鎖状脂肪族炭化水素基が好ましく、特に置換基をもたない鎖状脂肪族炭化水素基が好ましい。置換基が芳香族炭化水素基、環状脂肪族炭化水素基などの鎖状脂肪族炭化水素基以外の炭化水素基の場合には、置換基と鎖状脂肪族炭化水素基の炭素数の合計が20以下、特に7以下であることが好ましい。
R1とR2、R1とR3又はR2とR3が、特にいずれもアルキル基の場合、これらは互いに結合して環構造を形成しても良い。環構造としては5〜7員環が好ましい。環構造の具体例としては、[1,3,2]ジオキサホスホラン環、[1,3,2]ホスフィナン環、[1,3,2]ジオキサホスフェパン環などの酸素原子を環内に2つ有する構造;[1,2]オキサホスホラン環、[1,2]オキサホスホラン環、[1,2]オキサホスフェパン環などの酸素原子を環内に1つ有する構造;ホスホラン環、ホスフィナン環、ホスフェパン環などの酸素原子を環内に含まない構造等が挙げられる。
リン酸エステル類(p=1、q+r+s=3)としては以下のものが挙げられる。
リン酸トリアルキル類:リン酸トリメチル、リン酸エチルジメチル、リン酸ジメチル−n−プロピル、リン酸n−ブチルジメチル、リン酸ジエチルメチル、リン酸エチル−n−プロピルメチル、リン酸n−ブチルエチルメチル、リン酸ジ−n−プロピルメチル、リン酸n−ブチル−n−プロピルメチル、リン酸ジ−n−ブチルメチル、リン酸トリエチル、リン酸ジエチル−n−プロピル、リン酸n−ブチルジエチル、リン酸ジ−n−プロピルエチル、リン酸n−ブチル−n−プロピルエチル、リン酸ジ−n−ブチルエチル、リン酸トリ−n−プロピル、リン酸n−ブチルジ−n−プロピル、リン酸ジ−n−ブチル−n−プロピル、リン酸トリ−n−ブチル、リン酸ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)メチル、リン酸トリス−(トリフルオロメチル)、リン酸ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)メチル、リン酸ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)トリフルオロメチル、リン酸ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)メチル、リン酸ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)トリフルオロメチル、リン酸ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)エチル、リン酸ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)−2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル、リン酸ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)ペンタフルオロエチル、リン酸ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)エチル、リン酸トリス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)、リン酸ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ペンタフルオロエチル、リン酸ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)エチル、リン酸ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)−2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル、リン酸トリス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)等が挙げられる。
アルキルホスホン酸ジアルキル類:メチルホスホン酸ジアルキル類、エチルホスホン酸ジアルキル類、プロピルホスホン酸ジアルキル類、ブチルホスホン酸ジアルキル類等が挙げられる。
メチルホスホン酸ジアルキル類:メチルホスホン酸ジメチル、メチルホスホン酸エチルメチル、メチルホスホン酸メチル−n−プロピル、メチルホスホン酸n−ブチルメチル、メチルホスホン酸ジエチル、メチルホスホン酸エチル−n−プロピル、メチルホスホン酸n−ブチルエチル、メチルホスホン酸ジ−n−プロピル、メチルホスホン酸n−ブチル−n−プロピル、メチルホスホン酸ジ−n−ブチル、メチルホスホン酸ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)、トリフルオロメチルホスホン酸ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)、メチルホスホン酸ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)、トリフルオロメチルホスホン酸ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)、メチルホスホン酸ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)、トリフルオロメチルホスホン酸ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)等が挙げられる。
ホスホン酸シクロアルキルエステル類:メチルホスホン酸ジシクロペンチル、エチルホスホン酸ビス(シクロペンチル)、プロピルホスホン酸ビス(シクロペンチル)、n−ブチルホスホン酸ビス(シクロペンチル)、メチルホスホン酸メチルシクロペンチル、メチルホスホン酸エチルシクロペンチル、シクロペンチルホスホン酸シクロペンチルメチル、シクロペンチルホスホン酸ビス(シクロペンチル)、シクロヘキシルホスホン酸ビス(シクロヘキシル)、シクロヘプチルホスホン酸ビス(シクロヘプチル)、シクロヘキシルホスホン酸ビス(4-シクロヘキシルフェニル)
等が挙げられる。
トリアルキルホスフィンオキシド類:トリメチルホスフィンオキシド、エチルジメチルホスフィンオキシド、ジメチル−n−プロピルホスフィンオキシド、n−ブチルジメチルホスフィンオキシド、ジエチルメチルホスフィンオキシド、エチル−n−プロピルメチルホスフィンオキシド、n−ブチルエチルメチルホスフィンオキシド、ジ−n−プロピルメチルホスフィンオキシド、n−ブチル−n−プロピルメチルホスフィンオキシド、ジ−n−ブチルメチルホスフィンオキシド、
トリエチルホスフィンオキシド、ジエチル−n−プロピルホスフィンオキシド、n−ブチルジエチルホスフィンオキシド、ジ−n−プロピルエチルホスフィンオキシド、n−ブチル−n−プロピルエチルホスフィンオキシド、ジ−n−ブチルエチルホスフィンオキシドトリ−n−プロピルホスフィンオキシド、n−ブチルジ−n−プロピルホスフィンオキシド、ジ−n−ブチル−n−プロピルホスフィンオキシド、トリ−n−ブチルホスフィンオキシド、
ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)メチルホスフィンオキシド、トリス−(トリフルオロメチル)ホスフィンオキシド、ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)メチルホスフィンオキシド、ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)トリフルオロメチルホスフィンオキシド、ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)メチルホスフィンオキシド、ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)トリフルオロメチルホスフィンオキシド、ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)エチルホスフィンオキシド、ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)−2,2,2−トリフルオロエチルホスフィンオキシド、ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)ペンタフルオロエチルホスフィンオキシド、ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)エチルホスフィンオキシド、トリス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスフィンオキシド、ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ペンタフルオロエチルホスフィンオキシド、ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)エチルホスフィンオキシド、ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)−2,2,2−トリフルオロエチルホスフィンオキシド、トリス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)ホスフィンオキシドが挙げられる。
亜リン酸トリアルキル類亜リン酸トリメチル、亜リン酸エチルジメチル、亜リン酸ジメチル−n−プロピル、亜リン酸n−ブチルジメチル、亜リン酸ジエチルメチル、亜リン酸エチル−n−プロピルメチル、亜リン酸n−ブチルエチルメチル、亜リン酸ジ−n−プロピルメチル、亜リン酸n−ブチル−n−プロピルメチル、亜リン酸ジ−n−ブチルメチル、亜リン酸トリエチル、亜リン酸ジエチル−n−プロピル、亜リン酸n−ブチルジエチル、亜リン酸ジ−n−プロピルエチル、亜リン酸n−ブチル−n−プロピルエチル、亜リン酸ジ−n−ブチルエチル、亜リン酸トリ−n−プロピル、亜リン酸n−ブチルジ−n−プロピル、亜リン酸ジ−n−ブチル−n−プロピル、亜リン酸トリ−n−ブチル、亜リン酸ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)エチル、亜リン酸ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)−2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル、亜リン酸ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)ペンタフルオロエチル、亜リン酸ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)エチル、亜リン酸トリス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)、亜リン酸ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ペンタフルオロエチル、亜リン酸ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)エチル、亜リン酸ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)−2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル、亜リン酸トリス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)、亜リン酸ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)メチル、亜リン酸トリス−(トリフルオロメチル)、亜リン酸ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)メチル、亜リン酸ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)トリフルオロメチル、亜リン酸ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)メチル、亜リン酸ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)トリフルオロメチル等が挙げられる。
メチル亜ホスホン酸ジアルキル類:メチル亜ホスホン酸ジメチル、メチル亜ホスホン酸エチルメチル、メチル亜ホスホン酸メチル−n−プロピル、メチル亜ホスホン酸n−ブチルメチル、メチル亜ホスホン酸ジエチル、メチル亜ホスホン酸エチル−n−プロピル、メチル亜ホスホン酸n−ブチルエチル、メチル亜ホスホン酸ジ−n−プロピル、メチル亜ホスホン酸n−ブチル−n−プロピル、メチル亜ホスホン酸ジ−n−ブチル、メチル亜ホスホン酸ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)、トリフルオロメチル亜ホスホン酸ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)、メチル亜ホスホン酸ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)、トリフルオロメチル亜ホスホン酸ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)、メチル亜ホスホン酸ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)、トリフルオロメチル亜ホスホン酸ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)等が挙げられる。
ジアルキル亜ホスフィン酸アルキル類:ジアルキル亜ホスフィン酸メチル、ジアルキルホスフィン酸エチル、ジアルキルホスフィン酸プロピル、ジアルキルホスフィン酸ブチル等が挙げられる。
ジアルキル亜ホスフィン酸メチル類:ジメチル亜ホスフィン酸メチル、エチルメチル亜ホスフィン酸メチル、メチル−n−プロピル亜ホスフィン酸メチル、n−ブチルメチル亜ホスフィン酸メチル、ジエチル亜ホスフィン酸メチル、エチル−n−プロピル亜ホスフィン酸メチル、n−ブチルエチル亜ホスフィン酸メチル、ジ−n−プロピル亜ホスフィン酸メチル、n−ブチル−n−プロピル亜ホスフィン酸メチル、ジ−n−ブチル亜ホスフィン酸メチル、ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)亜ホスフィン酸メチル、ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)亜ホスフィン酸トリフルオロメチル、ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)亜ホスフィン酸メチル、ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)亜ホスフィン酸トリフルオロメチル、ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)亜ホスフィン酸メチル、ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)亜ホスフィン酸トリフルオロメチル等が挙げられる。
亜ホスフィン酸シクロアルキルエステル類:ジメチル亜ホスフィン酸シクロペンチル、ジエチル亜ホスフィン酸シクロペンチル、ジプロピル亜ホスフィン酸シクロペンチル、ジ−n−ブチル亜ホスフィン酸シクロペンチル、エチルメチル亜ホスフィン酸シクロペンチル、シクロペンチルメチル亜ホスフィン酸シクロペンチル、ビス(シクロペンチル)亜ホスフィン酸シクロペンチル、ビス(シクロヘキシル)亜ホスフィン酸シクロヘキシル、ビス(シクロヘプチル)亜ホスフィン酸シクロヘプチル、ビス(4-シクロヘキシルフェニル)亜ホスフィン酸 シクロヘキシル等が挙げられる。
トリアルキルホスフィン類:トリメチルホスフィン、エチルジメチルホスフィン、ジメチル−n−プロピルホスフィン、n−ブチルジメチルホスフィン、ジエチルメチルホスフィン、エチル−n−プロピルメチルホスフィン、n−ブチルエチルメチルホスフィン、ジ−n−プロピルメチルホスフィン、n−ブチル−n−プロピルメチルホスフィン、ジ−n−ブチルメチルホスフィン、トリエチルホスフィン、ジエチル−n−プロピルホスフィン、n−ブチルジエチルホスフィン、ジ−n−プロピルエチルホスフィン、n−ブチル−n−プロピルエチルホスフィン、ジ−n−ブチルエチルホスフィン、トリ−n−プロピルホスフィン、n−ブチルジ−n−プロピルホスフィン、ジ−n−ブチル−n−プロピルホスフィン、トリ−n−ブチルホスフィン、ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)メチルホスフィン、トリス−(トリフルオロメチル)ホスフィン、ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)メチルホスフィン、ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)トリフルオロメチルホスフィン、ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)メチルホスフィン、ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)トリフルオロメチルホスフィン、ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)エチルホスフィン、ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)−2,2,2−トリフルオロエチルホスフィン、ビス−(トリフルオロメチル)ペンタフルオロエチルホスフィン、ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)エチルホスフィン、トリス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスフィン、ビス−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ペンタフルオロエチルホスフィン、ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)エチルホスフィン、ビス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)−2,2,2−トリフルオロエチルホスフィン、トリス−(ペンタフルオロエチル)ホスフィン等が挙げられる。
一般式(1)で表される化合物は、単独で用いても、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
非水電解液が一般式(1)で表される化合物を特定量含有することにより、初期効率と高温保存特性との向上を両立することができる理由は明らかではないが、正極又は負極で一般式(1)で表される化合物が分解し、電極表面にリン原子を介した高温でも安定な被膜を形成するため、電極と電解液との反応による電解液の分解を抑えるために高温保存特性が良好となる。一方で、過剰のリン系化合物が初期に反応することにより不可逆容量が増加するため、高温保存特性が十分に向上する濃度の範囲の中から低濃度域の上記範囲を選択することで、初期効率と高温保存特性との向上を共に達成することができたものと推測される。
非水電解液が不飽和環状カーボネート化合物を含有する場合、不飽和環状カーボネートが非水電解液に占める割合は通常0.1%以上、好ましくは0.5%以上であり、通常5%以下、好ましくは2%以下である。含有量が少なすぎると添加効果が得られにくく、多すぎると過剰量の分解が起こり、電池の膨れの原因となったり、レート特性が悪化したりする恐れがある。
非水電解液の調製に際しては、非水電解液の各原料は、予め脱水しておくのが好ましい。通常は、50ppm以下、好ましくは30ppm以下まで脱水する。非水電解液に水が存在すると、水の電気分解、水と溶質との反応による、溶質の加水分解などが起こる可能性がある。脱水の手段は特に制限はないが、溶媒などの液体の場合はモレキュラーシーブ等で水を吸着除去すればよい。また、溶質などの固体の場合は分解が起きる温度以下で乾燥すればよい。
本発明に係るリチウム二次電池は、電解液以外は従来公知のリチウム二次電池と同様であり、通常、正極と負極とが本発明の非水電解液を含んでいるセパレータを介してケースに収納されている。従って、本発明に係る二次電池の形状は特に限定されるものではなく、シート電極及びセパレータをスパイラル状にしたシリンダータイプ、ペレット電極及びセパレータを組み合わせたインサイドアウト構造のシリンダータイプ、ペレット電極及びセパレータを積層したコインタイプのいずれであってもよい。
正極活物質は、単独で用いても、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
本発明に係るリチウム二次電池においては、一般式(1)で表わされるリン系化合物とこれらリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を組み合わせて用いることで、高容量かつ高温保存による容量損失を抑制した電池を設計することができる。
なかでも好ましいものは炭素質材料、特に、黒鉛や黒鉛の表面を黒鉛に比べて非晶質の炭素で被覆したものである。
黒鉛の表面を非晶質の炭素で被覆したものとして好ましいのは、X線回折における格子面(002面)のd値が0.335〜0.338nmである黒鉛を核材とし、その表面に該核材よりもX線回折における格子面(002面)のd値が大きい炭素質材料が付着しており、かつ核材と核材よりもX線回折における格子面(002面)のd値が大きい炭素質材料との割合が重量比で99/1〜80/20であるものである。これを用いると、高い容量で、かつ電解液と反応しにくい負極を製造することができる。
炭素質材料のBET法による比表面積は、通常0.3m2/g以上、好ましくは0.5m2/g以上、より好ましくは0.7m2/g以上、最も好ましくは0.8m2/g以上であり、通常25.0m2/g以下、好ましくは20.0m2/g以下、より好ましくは15.0m2/g以下、最も好ましくは10.0m2/g以下である。
リチウムを吸蔵・放出可能な金属化合物あるいはこの酸化物やリチウムとの合金は、一般に黒鉛に代表される炭素材料に比較し、単位重量あたりの容量が大きいので、より高エネルギー密度が求められるリチウム二次電池には好適である。
結着剤の使用量は、活物質100重量部に対して通常0.1重量部以上、好ましくは1重量部以上であり、通常30重量部以下、好ましくは20重量部以下である。結着剤の量が少なすぎると電極の強度が低下する傾向にあり、逆に多すぎるとイオン伝導度が低下する傾向にある。
塗布により形成される活物質層の乾燥厚さは、通常1μm以上、好ましくは10μm以上、さらに好ましくは20μm以上、最も好ましくは40μm以上であり、通常200μm以下、好ましくは150μm以下、さらに好ましくは100μm以下である。薄すぎると均一塗布が困難になるだけでなく、電池の容量が小さくなる。一方、厚すぎるとレート特性が低下する。
非水系電解液は、これを高分子などのゲル化剤でゲル化して半固体状にして用いてもよい。半固体状電解質における上記非水系電解液の占める比率は、半固体状電解質の総量に対して、通常30重量%以上、好ましくは50重量%以上、さらに好ましくは75重量%以上であり、通常99.95重量%以下、好ましくは99重量%以下、さらに好ましくは98重量%以下である。電解液の比率が大きすぎると、電解液の保持が困難となって液漏れが生じやすくなり、逆に少なすぎると充放電効率や容量の点で不十分となることがある。
[負極の製造]
X線回折における格子面(002面)のd値が0.336nm、結晶子サイズ(Lc)が652nm、灰分が0.07重量%、レーザー回折・散乱法によるメジアン径が12μm、BET法による比表面積が7.5m2/g、アルゴンイオンレーザー光を用いたラマンスペクトル分析から求めたR値(=IB/IAが)0.12、1570〜1620cm-1の範囲にあるピークの半値幅が19.9cm-1である天然黒鉛粉末94重量部とポリフッ化ビニリデン6重量部とを混合し、N−メチル−2−ピロリドンを加えスラリー状にした。このスラリーを厚さ12μmの銅箔の片面に均一に塗布、乾燥した後、負極活物質層の密度が1.6g/cm3になるようにプレスして負極とした。
LiCoO285重量部、カーボンブラック6重量部とポリフッ化ビニリデン(呉羽化学社製、商品名「KF−1000」)9重量部を混合し、N−メチル−2−ピロリドンを加えスラリー化し、これを厚さ15μmのアルミニウム箔の両面に均一に塗布、乾燥した後、正極活物質層の密度が3.0g/cm3になるようにプレスして正極とした。
上記の正極、負極、およびポリエチレン製のセパレータを、負極、セパレータ、正極、セパレータ、負極の順に積層して電池要素を作製した。この電池要素をアルミニウム(厚さ40μm)の両面を樹脂層で被覆したラミネートフィルムからなる袋内に正極負極の端子を突設させながら挿入した後、調整した電解液を袋内に注入し、真空封止を行い、シート状電池を作製した。
正極活物質重量W(c)と負極の活物質重量W(a)の比率は、負極と正極との容量比Rqが1.1≦Rq≦1.2となるように、その重量を決定した。なお、容量比Rqは次式で求めた。
(1)初期容量評価試験
得られたリチウム二次電池を室温下、1C(80mA)、4.2V上限の定電流定電圧法により充電し、電流値が4.0mAになった時点で充電を終了した。次いで、0.2Cで3.0Vまで放電した。上記充電に要した電気量を、正極活物質重量W(c)で割り、正極活物質1gあたりの充電容量(mAh/g)をもとめた。同様に、上記放電に要した電気量を、正極活物質重量W(c)で割り、正極活物質1gあたりの放電容量(mAh/g)をもとめた。初期効率は、(初期効率)=(放電容量)÷(充電容量)を計算することにより求めた。また初期不可逆容量(mAh/g)=充電容量(mAh/g)−放電容量(mAh/g)を計算することにより、初期不可逆容量(mAh/g)を求めた。初期効率が大きいほど、また初期不可逆容量が少ないほど、高容量の電池となり、有用であることを表す。
ここで、1Cとは1時間で満充電できる電流値を表し、本実施例及び比較例で用いる二次電池においては、1C=80mAである。従って、0.2Cは16mAとなる。
(1)の測定を行った後、室温下、1C、4.2V上限の定電流定電圧法により充電し、電流値が4.0mAとなった時点で充電を終了した。この充電された電池を85℃で3日間保持したのち、室温まで冷却して放電容量を測定した。放電容量は数値が大きいほど高温保存における劣化が小さく、熱安定性が高いことを表す。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジエチルカーボネート(DEC)の体積比1:2の混合溶液に、1モル/リットルの濃度となるように六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)を溶解させてベース電解液1とし、これにジシクロヘキシル亜ホスフィン酸イソプロピルを100ppmとなるように添加した電解液を用いて、リチウム二次電池を作製し、初期容量評価試験及び高温保存試験を行った。結果を表−1に示す。
(実施例2)
ベース電解液1にエチルホスホン酸ジエチルを100ppmとなるように添加した電解液を用いて、リチウム二次電池を作製し、初期容量評価試験及び高温保存試験を行った。結果を表−1に示す。
ベース電解液1にエチル亜ホスホン酸ジエチルを100ppmとなるように添加した電解液を用いて、リチウム二次電池を作製し、初期容量評価試験及び高温保存試験を行った。結果を表−1に示す。
(実施例4)
ベース電解液1にリン酸トリエチルを100ppmとなるように添加した電解液を用いて、リチウム二次電池を作製し、初期容量評価試験及び高温保存試験を行った。結果を表−1に示す。
ベース電解液1に亜リン酸トリエチルを100ppmとなるように添加した電解液を用いて、リチウム二次電池を作製し、初期容量評価試験及び高温保存試験を行った。結果を表−1に示す。
ベース電解液1をそのまま用いてリチウム二次電池を作製し、初期容量評価試験及び高温保存試験を行った。結果を表−1に示す。
(比較例2)
ベース電解液1にジシクロヘキシル亜ホスフィン酸イソプロピルを10000ppmとなるように添加した電解液を用いて、リチウム二次電池を作製し、初期容量評価試験及び高温保存試験を行った。結果を表−1に示す。
(比較例3)
ベース電解液1にエチルホスホン酸ジエチルを10000ppmとなるように添加した電解液を用いて、リチウム二次電池を作製し、初期容量評価試験及び高温保存試験を行った。結果を表−1に示す。
ベース電解液1にエチル亜ホスホン酸ジエチルを10000ppmとなるように添加した電解液を用いて、リチウム二次電池を作製し、初期容量評価試験及び高温保存試験を行った。結果を表−1に示す。
(比較例5)
ベース電解液1にリン酸トリエチルを10000ppmとなるように添加した電解液を用いて、リチウム二次電池を作製し、初期容量評価試験及び高温保存試験を行った。結果を表−1に示す。
ベース電解液1に亜リン酸トリエチルを10000ppmとなるように添加した電解液を用いて、リチウム二次電池を作製し、初期容量評価試験及び高温保存試験を行った。結果を表−1に示す。
Claims (10)
- 一般式(1)において、R1〜R3が、それぞれ独立して、(i)置換基を有していても良い炭素数1〜7の鎖状脂肪族炭化水素基、(ii)置換基を有していても良い炭素数3〜20の環状脂肪族炭化水素基、又は(iii)置換基を有していても良い炭素数6〜20の芳香族炭化水素基を表すか、R1とR2、R1とR3またはR2とR3が、互いに結合して環構造を形成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池用非水電解液。
- 一般式(1)において、R1〜R3が、それぞれ独立して、(i)炭素数1〜7の鎖状脂肪族炭化水素基、(ii)ハロゲン原子以外の置換基を有していても良い炭素数3〜20の環状脂肪族炭化水素基、又は(iii)ハロゲン原子以外の置換基を有していても良い炭素数6〜20の芳香族炭化水素基を表すか、R1とR2、R1とR3またはR2とR3が、互いに結合して環構造を形成することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の二次電池用非水電解液。
- 一般式(1)において、p=1であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の二次電地用非水電解液。
- 一般式(I)において、q+r+sが1又は2であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の二次電池用非水電解液。
- 非水電解液が、更に不飽和環状カーボネート化合物を含有することを特徴とする請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載の二次電池用非水電解液。
- 初期効率が0.89以上であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の二次電池用非水電解液。(ただし、初期効率は、当該二次電池用非水電解液を用いて、充電上限4.2V、放電下限3.0Vで、容量が約80mAhとなるように作成したリチウム二次電池を、室温下で1C(80mA)、4.2V上限の定電流定電圧法により電流値が4.0mAになるまで充電し、次いで、0.2Cで3.0Vまで放電した際に測定した充電容量と放電容量から、(初期効率)=(放電容量)/(充電容量)により求められる値を指す。)
- リチウムイオンを吸蔵及び放出可能な正極及び負極並びに請求項1ないし7のいずれかに記載の二次電池用非水電解液を備えることを特徴とする非水電解液二次電池。
- 正極が、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を含有することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 負極が、X線回折における格子面(002面)のd値が0.335〜0.340nmの炭素材料を主体とすることを特徴とする請求項8または9に記載の非水電解液二次電池。
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JP2011003498A (ja) * | 2009-06-22 | 2011-01-06 | Hitachi Vehicle Energy Ltd | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
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JP5350190B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-16 | 2013-11-27 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 非水系電解液及びそれを用いた非水系電解液電池 |
JP5471333B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-16 | 2014-04-16 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 非水系電解液及びそれを用いた非水系電解液電池 |
JP5482151B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-27 | 2014-04-23 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 非水電解質二次電池 |
KR101621383B1 (ko) | 2009-12-22 | 2016-05-16 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 전지 |
JP5421853B2 (ja) | 2010-05-13 | 2014-02-19 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 非水電解液及びこれを用いたリチウム二次電池 |
CN102893443B (zh) * | 2010-05-21 | 2015-12-16 | 三井化学株式会社 | 包含含有甲硅烷基酯基的膦酸衍生物的非水电解液及锂二次电池 |
DE102011075318A1 (de) * | 2011-05-05 | 2012-11-08 | Sb Limotive Company Ltd. | Batteriegehäuse für Lithium-Ionen-Zellen |
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JP5983370B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-06 | 2016-08-31 | 日立化成株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池、それを用いた二次電池システム、およびリチウムイオン二次電池用非水電解液 |
JP5949605B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-07-06 | 日立化成株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池、及び蓄電装置 |
JP6311465B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-06 | 2018-04-18 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 非水系電解液及びそれを用いた非水系電解液二次電池 |
JP6311398B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-28 | 2018-04-18 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 非水系電解液及び非水系電解液二次電池 |
JP6241662B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-15 | 2017-12-06 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 非水電解質二次電池及び蓄電装置 |
JP6807010B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-18 | 2021-01-06 | 日本電気株式会社 | リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、リチウム二次電池用正極、リチウム二次電池及びこれらの製造方法 |
WO2017006977A1 (ja) * | 2015-07-07 | 2017-01-12 | ステラケミファ株式会社 | 二次電池用非水電解液、その製造方法及びそれを備えた二次電池 |
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