JP4568706B2 - 血管アクセスの状態を検出するための方法および装置 - Google Patents
血管アクセスの状態を検出するための方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4568706B2 JP4568706B2 JP2006202705A JP2006202705A JP4568706B2 JP 4568706 B2 JP4568706 B2 JP 4568706B2 JP 2006202705 A JP2006202705 A JP 2006202705A JP 2006202705 A JP2006202705 A JP 2006202705A JP 4568706 B2 JP4568706 B2 JP 4568706B2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M5/168—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
- A61M5/16831—Monitoring, detecting, signalling or eliminating infusion flow anomalies
- A61M5/16854—Monitoring, detecting, signalling or eliminating infusion flow anomalies by monitoring line pressure
- A61M5/16859—Evaluation of pressure response, e.g. to an applied pulse
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3653—Interfaces between patient blood circulation and extra-corporal blood circuit
- A61M1/3656—Monitoring patency or flow at connection sites; Detecting disconnections
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3639—Blood pressure control, pressure transducers specially adapted therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/13—General characteristics of the apparatus with means for the detection of operative contact with patient, e.g. lip sensor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/18—General characteristics of the apparatus with alarm
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
- A61M2205/3344—Measuring or controlling pressure at the body treatment site
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
Description
血液透析では、血管アクセスは1本またはそれ以上の針またはカテーテルによって構成され、それらを通して血液が体外の血液回路へ取り出され、そこで治療が行われる。血液透析の場合、血液は普通は500ml/分までの程度の比較的高い速度で体外の血液回路を通過する。血液は普通は動脈針を経由して取り出され、静脈針を経由して体の中に再導入される。単独針(単独針の透析の場合)またはカテーテルを使った血液透析もある。
例えば、静脈針が血管の壁に近付き過ぎていた場合、利用できるポンプの容量によっては十分な血液の流れを得ることが困難となる可能性がある。動脈針が血管の外側に入れられた場合、その針は組織によってブロックされ、血液の流れがまったく得られなくなる。動脈針が体の外部にある場合、空気がその回路の中に吸引される。これらの状態を体外の血液回路の中で検出するのは比較的単純である。
しかし、静脈針が無意識に緩められていた場合、生命に危険のある状況が急速に発生する可能性ある。というのは、このために患者は短時間の間に大量の血液を失う可能性があるからである。
普通、透析機械には動脈圧力センサが装備されており、それは循環ポンプの前の体外の血液回路の圧力を測定する。−200mmHg程度の低いレベルが大量の血液の流れによって発生する可能性がある場合でも、−20mmHg〜−80mmHg以下の負の圧力が普通は存在している。圧力が大気圧に近付いた場合、これはシステム内に空気が吸引されつつあることを示し、負圧が低過ぎる場合(−200mmHg以下の場合)、動脈針がブロックされているか、あるいは血管またはフィステル(fistula)の中に正しく挿入されていない可能性のあることを示している。他の原因としては、動脈管がねじれているか、あるいはフィステルが腕の正しい位置にないために、つぶれている可能性がある。
したがって、血液透析あるいは別の体外の血液治療に関連して使われる針、特にこの場合は静脈針が、血液アクセス場所にて十分に正しい位置にあるかどうかを別に検出することが望ましい。
そのような検出器での欠点は、それらが患者の身体に付着されなければならず、そして同時に、不具合の状態が発生した時に血液ポンプを停止し、体外回路を切り離すために透析機械に対して電気的に接続されていなければならないことである。
故障状態を検出するための非経口的管理システムにおいて使うための装置および方法が知られている(例えば特許文献1参照)。その1つの実施形態においては、故障検出は患者の心拍に起因する信号成分だけを通すための圧力信号の高域通過フィルタを意味する。心拍パルスの脱落が検出された時に警報信号が発せられる。
1つの好適な実施形態においては、患者の心臓が圧力波ゼネレータとして使われ、血管アクセスの他の側、すなわち、カテーテルまたは針からさらに患者の外側へ導かれているチューブの中に圧力センサが配列されている。もちろん、別の圧力波ゼネレータも患者に配置することができる。たとえば、手首において皮膚の表面を押す圧力波ゼネレータを備えた腕輪の形式で配置することができる。
警報信号を発生すべきかどうかを決定するための異なる方法も説明される。
図1は血液透析に適しているフィステルが付けられた患者の左腕を示している。フィステルはそれ自身が体外血液治療のための最も効果的で、耐性のある、永久的な血管アクセスであることが示されている。
他のタイプの血管アクセス、たとえば、スクリブナ・シャント(Scribner−
shunt)あるいは、1つまたはそれ以上のカテーテルを使うこともできる。
動脈センサ4、圧力センサ9および静脈センサ15は、信号を処理するための処理装置25に接続されている。
多くの透析機械において、前記圧力検出器のうち1つまたはそれ以上が存在しない。しかし、普通は少なくとも1つの静脈圧力センサがある。
図3の中の圧力曲線は血液ポンプの吸引ストロークに対応するが、それにはフィステルの中のパルスから得られるパルス信号も重畳している。しかし、このパルス信号は非常に小さくて図3においては肉眼では観察できない。
周波数foおよびその高調波を消去することによって、動脈センサ4の中の圧力に及ぼす血液ポンプの圧力パルスの影響を消去することができる。そのような消去はノッチ・フィルタの支援によって行うことができる。
動脈センサ4からのパルス信号の振幅が大きく減少した場合、これはおそらく警報信号を発生し得る動脈針1での問題を示している。
パルス信号の周波数を本質的に知られているような他の目的のために使うことができる。たとえば、パルスの大きな上昇はショックに対する危険性があることを意味する。
システム・センサ9はパルス信号が非常に小さいか、あるいは完全にないように位置決めされる。動脈センサ4、静脈センサ15およびシステム・センサ9からの信号を処理装置25で比較することによって、警報信号を発生するための適切な状態を決定することができる。
また、本発明は最初に述べたように、血液濾過などの上記で詳細に説明されたもの以外の適用に対しても使うことができる。所望の機能を得るための各種の電子的手段は上記では説明されなかったが、その分野の技術に熟達した人であれば各種の可能性があることが分かり、実施形態の詳細説明なしで本発明を実施することができる。本発明は添付請求項によってのみ限定される。
2 動脈チューブ
3 血液ポンプ
4 動脈センサ
6 透析装置
9 圧力センサ
12 静脈チューブ
14 静脈針
15 静脈センサ
25 処理装置
Claims (3)
- 動脈針を備えた動脈チューブおよび静脈針を備えた静脈チューブを含み、血管アクセスを介して患者の血管に接続された体外血液流回路において該血管アクセスの状態を検出するための装置であって、
前記動脈チューブに設ける動脈圧力センサおよび前記静脈チューブに設ける静脈圧力センサと、
前記静脈圧力センサおよび前記動脈圧力センサからのパルス信号の振幅を測定する手段と、
これら振幅の関係を求める手段と、
この関係が限界値に比較して実質的に変化した際に警報信号を出す手段とを有する、血管アクセスの状態を検出するための装置。 - 請求項1に記載の装置において、前記限界値がこの関係の元の値の分数である、血管アクセスの状態を検出するための装置。
- 請求項2に記載の装置において、前記限界値がこの関係の元の値の50%である、血管アクセスの状態を検出するための装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9503125A SE508374C2 (sv) | 1995-09-12 | 1995-09-12 | Förfarande och anordning för detektering av tillståndet hos en blodkärlsaccess |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP51188397A Division JP3846902B2 (ja) | 1995-09-12 | 1996-09-11 | 血管アクセスの状態を検出するための方法および装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2006297143A JP2006297143A (ja) | 2006-11-02 |
JP4568706B2 true JP4568706B2 (ja) | 2010-10-27 |
Family
ID=20399429
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP51188397A Expired - Fee Related JP3846902B2 (ja) | 1995-09-12 | 1996-09-11 | 血管アクセスの状態を検出するための方法および装置 |
JP2006202705A Expired - Fee Related JP4568706B2 (ja) | 1995-09-12 | 2006-07-26 | 血管アクセスの状態を検出するための方法および装置 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP51188397A Expired - Fee Related JP3846902B2 (ja) | 1995-09-12 | 1996-09-11 | 血管アクセスの状態を検出するための方法および装置 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6090048A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0957956B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP3846902B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE291939T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU7003996A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69634546T2 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2236751T3 (ja) |
SE (1) | SE508374C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1997010013A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE69634546D1 (de) | 2005-05-04 |
SE9503125L (sv) | 1997-03-13 |
JP2006297143A (ja) | 2006-11-02 |
DE69634546T2 (de) | 2005-09-29 |
JPH11513270A (ja) | 1999-11-16 |
ES2236751T3 (es) | 2005-07-16 |
JP3846902B2 (ja) | 2006-11-15 |
AU7003996A (en) | 1997-04-01 |
ATE291939T1 (de) | 2005-04-15 |
EP0957956B1 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
US6090048A (en) | 2000-07-18 |
SE508374C2 (sv) | 1998-09-28 |
WO1997010013A1 (en) | 1997-03-20 |
EP0957956A1 (en) | 1999-11-24 |
SE9503125D0 (sv) | 1995-09-12 |
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