JP4491434B2 - 電力制御装置およびそれを備えた車両 - Google Patents
電力制御装置およびそれを備えた車両 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4491434B2 JP4491434B2 JP2006148791A JP2006148791A JP4491434B2 JP 4491434 B2 JP4491434 B2 JP 4491434B2 JP 2006148791 A JP2006148791 A JP 2006148791A JP 2006148791 A JP2006148791 A JP 2006148791A JP 4491434 B2 JP4491434 B2 JP 4491434B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
- Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
Description
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1による車両の一例として示されるハイブリッド車両の全体ブロック図である。図1を参照して、このハイブリッド車両100は、エンジン4と、モータジェネレータMG1,MG2と、動力分割機構3と、車輪2とを備える。また、ハイブリッド車両100は、蓄電装置Bと、インバータ20,30と、ECU(Electronic Control Unit)60とをさらに備える。
実施の形態1では、零相電圧指令E0に基づいてインバータ20(または30)のみをPWM動作させたが、この実施の形態2では、インバータ20,30の双方をPWM動作させる。
上記においては、インバータ20に対応するPWM制御部122およびインバータ30に対応するPWM制御部124に互いに符号反転された零相電圧指令をそれぞれ与えるものとしたが、PWM制御部122,124には同符号の零相電圧指令を与え、PWM制御部122で用いられるキャリア信号を符号反転した信号をPWM制御部124においてキャリア信号として用いるようにしてもよい。
この実施の形態2の変形例2では、インバータ20,30のいずれか一方を他方に対して相補的に動作させる。より具体的には、この変形例2では、零相電圧指令およびキャリア信号を用いて生成された信号PWM1を符号反転させることにより信号PWM2が生成される。
制御量が目標入力に定常偏差なく追従するためには、制御系の閉ループ内に目標入力の発生モデルを含んでいることが必要である(内部モデル原理)。そこで、この実施の形態3では、電流指令IRが正弦波関数であることを利用して、電流制御系の閉ループ内に電流指令IRのモデル(内部モデル)を含んだ構成が示される。
インバータのスイッチング制御においては、上アームおよび下アームが同時にオンされるのを防止するためのデッドタイムが一般に設けられており、このデッドタイムの影響により電流IACのゼロクロス点近傍で周期的に波形の歪みが発生する。特に、ハイブリッド車両などの電動車両に用いられる大電力のインバータでは、デッドタイムを大きめに設定することが多く、その場合は歪みがさらに顕著になる。そこで、この実施の形態4では、そのようなインバータのデッドタイムの影響により周期的に発生する波形の歪みが抑制される。
上述した実施の形態1〜4では、電流制御部によって生成された零相電圧指令E0は、インバータ20または/および30の各相に与えられる。すなわち、インバータ20または/および30は、電流IACの制御については、インバータ制御部によって3相一括して(同期して)行なわれる。しかしながら、モータジェネレータの各相インピーダンスにアンバランスが生じている場合、各相コイルに流れる電流にアンバランスが生じ、トルクを発生させてしまう可能性がある。そこで、この実施の形態5では、インバータ20,30に対して各相ごとに電流制御部が設けられ、各相コイルに流れる電流が互いに等しくなるように各相独立して電流制御が行なわれる。
上記の実施の形態1〜5では、電圧VDCは制御されていない。一方、電圧VDCを一定に制御することで蓄電装置Bを定電圧で充電することができ、急速充電や、蓄電装置Bの状態に応じて電流パターンを設定することが可能となる。そこで、この実施の形態6では、電圧VDCを目標値に制御するための電圧制御系が付加される。
実施の形態7では、蓄電装置Bとインバータ20,30との間に昇圧コンバータが設けられる。そして、インバータ20,30の制御性能や変換効率などを考慮したうえで、昇圧コンバータにより電圧VDCが適切なレベルに制御される。
蓄電装置Bに対して入出力される電流IBが変動すると、蓄電装置Bの抵抗成分や昇圧コンバータ10のリアクトルLの抵抗成分などにおける損失が増加し、蓄電装置Bの充放電効率が低下する。そこで、この実施の形態8では、実施の形態7の構成において、電流IBの変動(脈動)を抑制可能な電流制御系が付加される。
昇圧コンバータ10の動作中に何らかの異常が発生し、蓄電装置Bと昇圧コンバータ10との間に設けられるシステムメインリレー(図示せず)がオフされると、昇圧コンバータ10のリアクトルLに蓄積されたエネルギーが放出されることにより、システムメインリレーに過電流が流され、システムメインリレーが溶着する可能性がある。また、昇圧コンバータ10に過電圧がかかり、npn型トランジスタQ1,Q2が過電圧破壊される可能性もある。そこで、この実施の形態9では、電流IBと電流指令IBRとの偏差に基づいて異常を検出し、異常が検出されると、システムメインリレーをオフさせる前に昇圧コンバータ10を停止させる。
Claims (22)
- 商用電源と車両に搭載された蓄電装置との間で電力を授受する電力制御装置であって、
星形結線された第1の多相巻線を固定子巻線として含む第1の交流回転電機と、
星形結線された第2の多相巻線を固定子巻線として含む第2の交流回転電機と、
前記第1の多相巻線に接続され、前記第1の交流回転電機と前記蓄電装置との間で電力変換を行なう第1のインバータと、
前記第2の多相巻線に接続され、前記第2の交流回転電機と前記蓄電装置との間で電力変換を行なう第2のインバータと、
前記第1の多相巻線の第1の中性点および前記第2の多相巻線の第2の中性点に接続され、前記第1および第2の中性点と前記商用電源との間で電力を授受可能なように構成された電力線対と、
前記商用電源の電圧を検出する第1の電圧検出装置と、
前記第1の電圧検出装置からの電圧検出値に基づいて前記商用電源の電圧の実効値および位相を検出し、その検出した実効値および位相ならびに前記蓄電装置に対する充放電電力指令値に基づいて、前記電力線対に流す電流の指令値であって前記商用電源の電圧に対して位相が調整されたものを生成する電流指令生成部と、
前記電流指令生成部によって生成される電流指令値に基づいて前記第1および第2のインバータの少なくとも一方の零相電圧を制御するインバータ制御部とを備える電力制御装置。 - 前記電流指令生成部は、前記商用電源の電圧に対して同相の電流指令値を生成する、請求項1に記載の電力制御装置。
- 前記電流指令生成部は、
前記電圧検出値に基づいて前記商用電源の電圧の実効値を演算する実効値演算部と、
前記電圧検出値に基づいて前記商用電源の電圧の位相を検出する位相検出部と、
前記位相検出部によって検出された位相に対して位相調整された正弦波を生成する正弦波生成部と、
前記充放電電力指令値を前記実効値で除算し、その演算結果に前記正弦波生成部からの正弦波を乗算して前記電流指令値を生成する演算部とを含む、請求項1または請求項2に記載の電力制御装置。 - 前記正弦波生成部は、前記位相検出部によって検出された位相と同相の正弦波を生成する、請求項3に記載の電力制御装置。
- 前記インバータ制御部は、前記第1および第2のインバータのいずれか一方の零相電圧を前記電流指令値に基づいて制御し、他方のインバータの零相電圧を固定値に制御する、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の電力制御装置。
- 前記インバータ制御部は、前記一方のインバータに対応する中性点の電位が前記他方のインバータに対応する中性点の電位よりも高い場合、前記他方のインバータの各相アームの上アームをオフさせ、かつ、下アームをオンさせ、前記一方のインバータに対応する中性点の電位が前記他方のインバータに対応する中性点の電位よりも低い場合、前記上アームをオンさせ、かつ、前記下アームをオフさせる、請求項5に記載の電力制御装置。
- 前記インバータ制御部は、前記商用電源から前記蓄電装置の充電時、前記他方のインバータの各相アームの上アームおよび下アームをオフさせる、請求項5に記載の電力制御装置。
- 前記インバータ制御部は、前記電流指令値に基づいて前記零相電圧を制御するインバータを前記第1および第2のインバータで周期的に交替する、請求項6または請求項7に記載の電力制御装置。
- 前記インバータ制御部は、前記第2のインバータの零相電圧が前記第1のインバータの零相電圧の符号を反転した電圧となるように、前記第1および第2のインバータの零相電圧を前記電流指令値に基づいて制御する、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の電力制御装置。
- 前記インバータ制御部は、所定の搬送波と前記電流指令値に基づいて生成される第1の信号波との大小関係に応じて、前記第1のインバータをスイッチング制御するための第1の駆動信号を生成し、前記搬送波と前記第1の信号波を符号反転した第2の信号波との大小関係に応じて、前記第2のインバータをスイッチング制御するための第2の駆動信号を生成する、請求項9に記載の電力制御装置。
- 前記インバータ制御部は、所定の第1の搬送波と前記電流指令値に基づいて生成される信号波との大小関係に応じて、前記第1のインバータをスイッチング制御するための第1の駆動信号を生成し、前記第1の搬送波を符号反転した第2の搬送波と前記信号波との大小関係に応じて、前記第2のインバータをスイッチング制御するための第2の駆動信号を生成する、請求項9に記載の電力制御装置。
- 前記インバータ制御部は、所定の搬送波と前記電流指令値に基づいて生成される信号波との大小関係に応じて、前記第1のインバータをスイッチング制御するための第1の駆動信号を生成し、前記第1の駆動信号に対して相補的に変化する、前記第2のインバータをスイッチング制御するための第2の駆動信号を生成する、請求項9に記載の電力制御装置。
- 前記電力線対に流れる電流を検出する第1の電流検出装置をさらに備え、
前記インバータ制御部は、
前記第1の電流検出装置からの電流検出値と前記電流指令値との偏差に基づいて前記第1および第2のインバータの零相電圧指令を生成する電流制御部と、
その生成された零相電圧指令に基づいて、前記第1および第2のインバータを駆動するための駆動信号を生成する駆動信号生成部とを含む、請求項1から請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の電力制御装置。 - 前記第1および第2の交流回転電機の各々の各相に流れる電流を検出するための複数の第2の電流検出装置をさらに備え、
前記インバータ制御部は、
前記第1および第2の交流回転電機の各々の各相に対応して設けられ、対応する前記第2の電流検出装置からの電流検出値と前記電流指令値を各相に均等配分した各相電流指令値との偏差に基づいて、対応するインバータにおける対応する相の電圧指令を生成する複数の電流制御部と、
その生成された各相電圧指令に基づいて、前記第1および第2のインバータを駆動するための駆動信号を生成する駆動信号生成部とを含む、請求項1から請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の電力制御装置。 - 前記電流制御部または前記複数の電流制御部の各々は、前記電流指令値に対応する正弦波関数を用いて制御補償量を算出する内部モデル補償部を含む、請求項13または請求項14に記載の電力制御装置。
- 前記内部モデル補償部は、
前記電流指令値または前記各相電流指令値の大きさの平均値を算出する第1の平均値演算部と、
前記電流検出値の大きさの平均値を算出する第2の平均値演算部と、
前記第1の平均値演算部からの出力と前記第2の平均値演算部からの出力との偏差にゲインを乗算し、その演算結果に前記商用電源と同位相の正弦波関数をさらに乗算して前記制御補償量を算出する演算部とから成る、請求項15に記載の電力制御装置。 - 前記電流制御部または前記複数の電流制御部の各々は、前記商用電源の1周期前における前記偏差に基づいて、前記零相電圧指令または前記各相電圧指令を前記商用電源の位相ごとに逐次算出する繰返し制御部を含む、請求項13または請求項14に記載の電力制御装置。
- 前記第1および第2のインバータに与えられる直流電圧を検出する第2の電圧検出装置をさらに備え、
前記電流指令生成部は、前記第2の電圧検出装置からの電圧検出値と前記直流電圧の目標電圧との偏差に基づいて、前記直流電圧を前記目標電圧に制御するように前記充放電電力指令値を補正する電圧制御部を含む、請求項1から請求項17のいずれか1項に記載の電力制御装置。 - 前記蓄電装置と前記第1および第2のインバータとの間に設けられる昇圧コンバータと、
前記第1および第2のインバータに与えられる直流電圧を検出する第2の電圧検出装置と、
前記第2の電圧検出装置からの電圧検出値に基づいて、前記直流電圧を目標電圧に制御するように前記昇圧コンバータを制御するコンバータ制御部とをさらに備える、請求項1から請求項17のいずれか1項に記載の電力制御装置。 - 前記蓄電装置に入出力される電流を検出する第3の電流検出装置をさらに備え、
前記コンバータ制御部は、
前記第2の電圧検出装置からの電圧検出値に基づいて、前記直流電圧を前記目標電圧に制御するように構成された電圧制御部と、
前記第3の電流検出装置からの電流検出値に基づいて、前記蓄電装置に入出力される電流を目標電流に制御するように構成された電流制御部とを含む、請求項19に記載の電力制御装置。 - 前記コンバータ制御部は、前記電流検出値と前記目標電流との偏差がしきい値を超えると、前記昇圧コンバータを停止する、請求項20に記載の電力制御装置。
- 前記第1および第2の交流回転電機の少なくとも一方から駆動トルクを受ける車輪と、
請求項1から請求項21のいずれか1項に記載の電力制御装置とを備える車両。
Priority Applications (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006148791A JP4491434B2 (ja) | 2006-05-29 | 2006-05-29 | 電力制御装置およびそれを備えた車両 |
CN2007800199564A CN101454958B (zh) | 2006-05-29 | 2007-05-24 | 电力控制装置和具有该电力控制装置的车辆 |
CA2653938A CA2653938C (en) | 2006-05-29 | 2007-05-24 | Power controller and vehicle equipped with power controller |
RU2008152081/09A RU2381610C1 (ru) | 2006-05-29 | 2007-05-24 | Регулятор мощности и транспортное средство, оснащенное регулятором мощности |
PCT/JP2007/061141 WO2007139202A1 (ja) | 2006-05-29 | 2007-05-24 | 電力制御装置およびそれを備えた車両 |
US12/226,916 US7891451B2 (en) | 2006-05-29 | 2007-05-24 | Power controller and vehicle equipped with power controller |
BRPI0712699A BRPI0712699B1 (pt) | 2006-05-29 | 2007-05-24 | controlador de energia eletrica e veículo que compreende um dispositivo de armazenamento de energia e um controlador de energia elétrica |
AU2007268546A AU2007268546B2 (en) | 2006-05-29 | 2007-05-24 | Power controller and vehicle equipped with power controller |
EP07744529.4A EP2023459A4 (en) | 2006-05-29 | 2007-05-24 | Power controller and vehicle equipped with power controller |
KR1020087031214A KR101012430B1 (ko) | 2006-05-29 | 2007-05-24 | 전력제어장치 및 전력제어장치를 구비한 차량 |
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JP2006148791A JP4491434B2 (ja) | 2006-05-29 | 2006-05-29 | 電力制御装置およびそれを備えた車両 |
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EP (1) | EP2023459A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4491434B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101012430B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101454958B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2007268546B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0712699B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2653938C (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2381610C1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007139202A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101454958B (zh) | 2011-08-03 |
KR101012430B1 (ko) | 2011-02-08 |
AU2007268546B2 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
RU2381610C1 (ru) | 2010-02-10 |
CA2653938C (en) | 2012-02-07 |
AU2007268546A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
CN101454958A (zh) | 2009-06-10 |
US20090067205A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
JP2007318970A (ja) | 2007-12-06 |
BRPI0712699B1 (pt) | 2017-06-06 |
WO2007139202A1 (ja) | 2007-12-06 |
BRPI0712699A2 (pt) | 2012-07-10 |
US7891451B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 |
KR20090018974A (ko) | 2009-02-24 |
EP2023459A1 (en) | 2009-02-11 |
CA2653938A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
EP2023459A4 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
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