JP4343757B2 - トナー - Google Patents
トナー Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4343757B2 JP4343757B2 JP2004118545A JP2004118545A JP4343757B2 JP 4343757 B2 JP4343757 B2 JP 4343757B2 JP 2004118545 A JP2004118545 A JP 2004118545A JP 2004118545 A JP2004118545 A JP 2004118545A JP 4343757 B2 JP4343757 B2 JP 4343757B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- resin
- image
- transfer
- styrene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 40
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
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- BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C=C LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGBXDEHYFWDBKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl propan-2-yloxy carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OOC(=O)OC(C)C RGBXDEHYFWDBKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- FYNROBRQIVCIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole-5,6-dione Chemical class C1=CN=C2C(=O)C(=O)N=C21 FYNROBRQIVCIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WPPDXAHGCGPUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N red 2 Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=C(C=2C=3C4=CC=C5C6=CC=C7C8=C(C=9C=CC=CC=9)C9=CC=CC=C9C(C=9C=CC=CC=9)=C8C8=CC=C(C6=C87)C(C=35)=CC=2)C4=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 WPPDXAHGCGPUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006884 silylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dodecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940082004 sodium laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940067741 sodium octyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940080350 sodium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000776 sodium tetradecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFRKJMRGXGWHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;octyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O WFRKJMRGXGWHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SMECTXYFLVLAJE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;pentadecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O SMECTXYFLVLAJE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UPUIQOIQVMNQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;tetradecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O UPUIQOIQVMNQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 7,7-dimethyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N thioindigo Chemical class S\1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C/1=C1/C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2S1 JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl methyl ketone Natural products CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001060 yellow colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
該トナー粒子が、結着樹脂、着色剤、ワックス、および下記条件(1)乃至(3)を満足するスチレンまたはスチレン誘導体、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、およびスルホン酸基を含有するビニル系モノマーからなる樹脂(樹脂A)を含有することを特徴とするトナーに関する。
(1)スルホン酸基を含有するビニル系モノマー含有量から得られる酸価[AV(s)]と樹脂(A)中[AV(r)]の全酸価の関係が、
AV(s)≦AV(r)≦AV(s)×1.15
(2)ガラス転移温度が80℃以上
(3)全酸価[AV(r)]が5以上24以下
装置:高速GPC「HLC8120 GPC」(東ソー社製)
カラム:Shodex KF−801、802、803、804、805、806、807の7連(昭和電工社製)
溶離液 :THF
流速 :1.0ml/min
オーブン温度:40.0℃
試料注入量 :0.10ml
使用装置:PHI社製 1600S型 X線光電子分光装置
測定条件:X線源 MgKα(400W)
分光領域 800μmφ
X(SO3 -)n・mYk+
(X:前記重合性単量体に由来する重合体部位を表し、Yk+:カウンターイオンを表し、kはカウンターイオンの価数であり、m及びnは整数であり、n=k×mである。)
クリロニトリル、アクリルアミドの如き単量体が挙げられる。
また、下記一般式(IV)で示されるジオール、
還流管,撹拌機,温度計,窒素導入管,滴下装置及び減圧装置を備えた加圧可能な反応容器に、溶媒としてメタノール250部、2−ブタノン150部及び2−プロパノール100部、モノマーとしてスチレン88部、アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル7部、2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸5部を添加して撹拌しながら還流温度まで加熱した。重合開始剤である2,2’−アゾビスイソブチロニトリル1部を2−ブタノン20部で希釈した溶液を30分かけて滴下して5時間撹拌を継続し、更に2,2’−アゾビスイソブチロニトリル1部を2−ブタノン20部で希釈した溶液を30分かけて滴下して、更に5時間撹拌して重合を終了した。
乾燥温度を30℃にし、1週間かけて乾燥する以外は極性重合体1の製造例と同様にした。こうして得られた極性重合体はTg約82℃であり、メインピーク分子量(Mp)が22000、Mn12000、Mw31000であり、AV(r)は13.9、AV(s)は13.6であった。また、1H−NMR(日本電子社製EX−400:400MHz)で測定された組成は仕込み量どおりであった。得られた樹脂を極性重合体3とする。
モノマーとしてスチレン95部、2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸5部に変える以外は極性重合体1の製造例と同様にした。こうして得られた極性重合体はTg約100℃であり、メインピーク分子量(Mp)が22000、Mn12000、Mw31000であり、AV(r)は14.0、AV(s)は13.5であった。また、1H−NMR(日本電子社製EX−400:400MHz)で測定された組成は仕込み量どおりであった。得られた樹脂を極性重合体4とする。
モノマーとしてスチレン95部、アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル2部、メタクリル酸メチル5部、2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸5部に変える以外は極性重合体1の製造例と同様にした。こうして得られた極性重合体はTg約95℃であり、メインピーク分子量(Mp)が24000、Mn13000、Mw33000であり、AV(r)は14.2、AV(s)は13.5であった。また、1H−NMR(日本電子社製EX−400:400MHz)で測定された組成は仕込み量どおりであった。得られた樹脂を極性重合体5とする。
最初に添加する重合開始剤および追加で添加する重合開始剤の量を1部から1.5部に増やす以外は極性重合体1の製造例と同様にした。こうして得られた極性重合体はTg約81℃であり、メインピーク分子量(Mp)が18000、Mn5000、Mw25000であり、AV(r)は14.5、AV(s)は13.6であった。また、1H−NMR(日本電子社製EX−400:400MHz)で測定された組成は仕込み量どおりであった。得られた樹脂を極性重合体7とする。
モノマーとしてスチレン93部、アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル5部、2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸2部に変え、110℃で3時間かけて乾燥する以外は極性重合体1の製造例と同様にした。こうして得られた極性重合体はTg約88℃であり、メインピーク分子量(Mp)が25000、Mn13000、Mw38000であり、AV(r)は5.8、AV(s)は5.4であった。また、1H−NMR(日本電子社製EX−400:400MHz)で測定された組成は仕込み量どおりであった。得られた樹脂を極性重合体9とする。
モノマーとしてスチレン75部、メタクリル酸メチル20部、2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸5部に変える以外は極性重合体1の製造例と同様にした。こうして得られた極性重合体はTg約102℃であり、メインピーク分子量(Mp)が21000、Mn11000、Mw30000であり、AV(r)は15.5、AV(s)は13.5であった。また、1H−NMR(日本電子社製EX−400:400MHz)で測定された組成は仕込み量どおりであった。得られた樹脂を極性重合体10とする。
130℃で3時間かけて乾燥する以外は極性重合体1の製造例と同様にした。こうして得られた極性重合体はTg約85℃であり、メインピーク分子量(Mp)が23000、Mn11000、Mw36000であり、AV(r)は17.6、AV(s)は13.5であった。また、1H−NMR(日本電子社製EX−400:400MHz)で測定された組成は仕込み量どおりであった。得られた樹脂を極性重合体11とする。
モノマーとしてスチレン83部、アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル12部、2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸5部に変え、110℃で3時間かけて乾燥する以外は極性重合体1の製造例と同様にした。こうして得られた極性重合体はTg約73℃であり、メインピーク分子量(Mp)が22000、Mn10000、Mw35000であり、AV(r)は15.5、AV(s)は13.6であった。また、1H−NMR(日本電子社製EX−400:400MHz)で測定された組成は仕込み量どおりであった。得られた樹脂を極性重合体12とする。
モノマーとしてスチレン93部、アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル7部に変える以外は極性重合体1の製造例と同様にした。こうして得られた重合体はTg約83℃であり、メインピーク分子量(Mp)が24000、Mn14000、Mw35000であり、AV(r)は0.5、AV(s)は0であった。また、1H−NMR(日本電子社製EX−400:400MHz)で測定された組成は仕込み量どおりであった。得られた樹脂を重合体1とする。
先ず、下記の手順によって重合法トナーを作製した。60℃に加温したイオン交換水900部に、リン酸三カルシウム3部を添加し、TK式ホモミキサー(特殊機化工業製)を用いて、10,000rpmにて撹拌し、水系媒体を作製した。
・スチレン 160部
・n−ブチルアクリレート 40部
・C.I.ピグメントブルー15:3 14部
・極性重合体1 2部
・ポリエステル樹脂 7部
(プロピレンオキサイド変性ビスフェノールAとイソフタル酸との重縮合物、Tg=65 ℃、Mw=10000、Mn=6000)
・ステアリン酸ステアリルワックス(DSCのメインピーク60℃) 30部
・ジビニルベンゼン 0.5部
これに重合開始剤2,2’−アゾビス(2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)5部を溶解し、重合性単量体組成物を調製した。
・導電性被覆層:酸化錫及び酸化チタンの粉末をフェノール樹脂に分散したものを主体と する。膜厚15μm。
・下引き層:変性ナイロン及び共重合ナイロンを主体とする。膜厚0.6μm。
・電荷発生層:長波長域に吸収を持つチタニルフタロシアニン顔料をブチラール樹脂に分 散したものを主体とする。膜厚0.6μm。
・電荷輸送層:ホール搬送性トリフェニルアミン化合物をポリカーボネート樹脂(オスト ワルド粘度法による分子量2万)に8:10の質量比で溶解したものを主体とする。膜 厚20μm。
通常の複写機用普通紙(75g/m2)の転写材を用いて、画出し試験において初期と耐久評価終了時にベタ画像を出力し、その濃度を測定することにより評価した。尚、画像濃度は「マクベス反射濃度計 RD918」(マクベス社製)を用いて、原稿濃度が0.00の白地部分の画像に対する相対濃度を測定した。
A:非常に良好 1.40以上
B:良好 1.35以上、1.40未満
C:実用上問題なし 1.00以上、1.35未満
D:やや難あり 1.00未満
「REFLECTMETER MODEL TC−6DS」(東京電色社製)により測定したプリントアウト画像の白地部分の白色度と転写紙の白色度の差から、カブリ濃度(%)を算出し、耐久評価終了時の画像カブリを評価した。フィルターは、シアンの場合はアンバーライト、イエローの場合はブルー、マゼンタ及びブラックではグリーンフィルターを用いた。
A:非常に良好 0.5%未満
B:良好 0.5%以上1.0%未満
C:実用上問題なし 1.0%以上1.5%未満
D:やや難あり 1.5%以上
トナーの流動性と帯電性のバランスを評価するために、ベタ画像を3枚印字した後に出力したハーフトーン画像の均一性で判断した。
A:非常に良好 画像の均一性が非常に優れ、極めて鮮明な画像
B:良好 画像の均一性に優れ、良好な画像
C:実用上問題なし 実用的には問題の無い画質
D:やや難あり 画像の均一性が悪く、実用上好ましくない画像
トナーの帯電性・流動性のバランスを評価するために5000枚印字後のカートリッジ、本体内カートリッジ周辺のトナーによる汚れ具合を観察した。
A:非常に良好 カートリッジ、本体内カートリッジ周辺のトナーによる汚れが全く 観察されない
B:良好 カートリッジに微量のトナーによる汚れが観察される
C:実用上問題なし カートリッジ、本体内カートリッジ周辺のトナーによる汚れが観察 されるが、画像・カートリッジの着脱には影響しない
D:やや難あり カートリッジ、本体内カートリッジ周辺がトナーによって著しく汚 れ、画像・カートリッジの着脱にも悪影響が見られる
極性重合体1を極性重合体3に変える以外は実施例1と同様にして行った。トナー(3)の物性を表2に、実施例1と同様にして行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
極性重合体1を極性重合体4に変える以外は実施例1と同様にして行った。トナー(4)の物性を表2に、実施例1と同様にして行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
極性重合体1を極性重合体5に変える以外は実施例1と同様にして行った。トナー(5)の物性を表2に、実施例1と同様にして行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
極性重合体1を極性重合体7に変える以外は実施例1と同様にして行った。トナー(7)の物性を表2に、実施例1と同様にして行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
極性重合体1を極性重合体9に変える以外は実施例1と同様にして行った。トナー(9)の物性を表2に、実施例1と同様にして行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
極性重合体1の添加量を2部から1部に変える以外は実施例1と同様にして行った。トナー(10)の物性を表2に、実施例1と同様にして行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
極性重合体1の添加量を2部から4部に変える以外は実施例1と同様にして行った。トナー(11)の物性を表2に、実施例1と同様にして行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
70℃に昇温するまでの時間を30分に変える以外は実施例1と同様にして行った。トナー(12)の物性を表2に、実施例1と同様にして行った。評価結果を表3示す。
極性重合体1を極性重合体10に変える以外は実施例1と同様にして行った。トナー(13)の物性を表2に、実施例1と同様にして行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
着色剤として、C.I.ピグメントブルー15:3を14部使用する代わりに、C.I.ピグメントイエロー17を10部使用する以外は、実施例1と同様にして行った。トナー(14)の物性を表2に、実施例1と同様にして行った評価結果を表3に示す。
着色剤として、C.I.ピグメントブルー15:3を14部使用する代わりに、C.I.ピグメントレッド122を16部使用する以外は、実施例1と同様にして行った。トナー(15)の物性を表2に、実施例1と同様にして行った評価結果を表3に示す。
着色剤として、C.I.ピグメントブルー15:3を14部使用する代わりに、カーボンブラック(DBP吸油量42cm3/100g、比表面積60m2/g)を16部使用する以外は、実施例1と同様にして行った。トナー(16)の物性を表2に、実施例1と同様にして行った評価結果を表3に示す。
極性重合体1を重合体1に変え、ベンジル酸ホウ素錯体(日本カーリット:LR−147)を1部添加する以外は実施例1と同様にして行った。トナー(17)の物性を表2に、実施例1と同様にして行った評価結果を表3に示す。
極性重合体1を極性重合体11に変える以外は実施例1と同様にして行った。トナー(18)の物性を表2に、実施例1と同様にして行った評価結果を表3に示す。
極性重合体1を極性重合体12に変える以外は実施例1と同様にして行った。トナー(19)の物性を表2に、実施例1と同様にして行った評価結果を表3に示す。
次に、フルカラープリンターLBP2510(キヤノン(株)製)を用い、該装置のシアンカートリッジにトナー(1)、イエローカートリッジにトナー(14)、マゼンタカートリッジにトナー(15)、ブラックカートリッジにトナー(16)をそれぞれ150g充填し、5000枚のフルカラー画像形成を行った。実施例1に準じて評価し、その結果を表4に示す。
2 帯電ローラー
4Y イエロー現像器
4M マゼンタ現像器
4C シアン現像器
4Bk ブラック現像器
5 中間転写ドラム
5a 導電性支持体
5b 弾性層
6 クリーナー
8 転写装置
9 定着装置
9a 加熱ローラー
9b 加圧ローラー
24 ロータリーユニット
17a、17b、17c、17d 現像手段
18a、18b、18c、18d クリーニング手段
19a、19b、19c、19d 感光ドラム
20 除電器
22 定着器
23a、23b、23c、23d 潜像形成手段
24a、24b、24c、24d 転写手段
25 ベルト
26 排出口
29a、29b、29c、29d 画像形成部
30a、30b、30c、30d 帯電手段
100 現像装置
101 現像ブレード
102 トナー担持体
103 塗布ローラー
104 トナー
105 被転写体
106 転写部材
107 定着用加圧ローラー
108 定着用加熱ローラー
109 感光体
110 一次帯電部材
123 露光
138 クリーナー
241 感光体
242 帯電ローラー
242a 導電性弾性層
242b 芯金
243 露光
244−1、244−2、244−3、244−4 現像器
245 中間転写ドラム
245a 弾性層
245b 導電性支持体
246 転写材
247 転写ベルト
247a バイアスローラー
247a1 導電性弾性層
247a2 芯金
247c テンションローラー
247d 二次電源バイアス源
248 クリーニングブレード
249 クリーニング手段
280 クリーニング手段
281 定着器
309 クリーニング用帯電部材
310 中間転写ベルト
311 テンションローラー
312 転写ローラー
313a 二次転写対向ローラー
313b 二次転写ローラー
314、315、316 バイアス電源
Claims (8)
- 単量体組成物を水系媒体中で重合して得られたトナー粒子と該トナー粒子に混合されている無機微粉体を有するトナーにおいて、
該トナー粒子が、結着樹脂、着色剤、ワックス、および下記条件(1)乃至(3)を満足するスチレンまたはスチレン誘導体、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、およびスルホン酸基を含有するビニル系モノマーからなる樹脂(樹脂A)を含有することを特徴とするトナー。
(1)スルホン酸基を含有するビニル系モノマー含有量から得られる酸価[AV(s)]と樹脂(A)中[AV(r)]の全酸価の関係が、
AV(s)≦AV(r)≦AV(s)×1.15
(2)ガラス転移温度が80℃以上
(3)全酸価[AV(r)]が5以上24以下 - 樹脂Aが下記条件を満足することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のトナー。
(あ)GPCにおけるピーク分子量が18000以上30000以下
(い)GPCにおける数平均分子量が5000以上20000以下
(う)GPCにおける重量平均分子量が25000以上50000以下 - 樹脂A中のスルホン酸基を含有するビニル系モノマーの含有量が、2〜8質量%であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のトナー。
- 樹脂Aのガラス転移温度が100℃以下であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載のトナー。
- X線光電子分光分析により測定されるトナー表面に存在する炭素元素の原子個数%(A)に対する硫黄元素の原子個数%(E)の比(E/A)が0.0010〜0.0050であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載のトナー。
- 該トナーの平均円形度が0.960〜0.995であり、かつ重量平均粒径(D4)が4〜8μmであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載のトナー。
- 該トナーのモード円形度が0.99以上であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載のトナー。
- 平均一次粒径4〜80nmの無機微粉体を、トナー全体に対し0.1〜4質量%含有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載のトナー。
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