JP4302509B2 - 水溶性安定性の自己集合体高分子電解質 - Google Patents
水溶性安定性の自己集合体高分子電解質 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4302509B2 JP4302509B2 JP2003503258A JP2003503258A JP4302509B2 JP 4302509 B2 JP4302509 B2 JP 4302509B2 JP 2003503258 A JP2003503258 A JP 2003503258A JP 2003503258 A JP2003503258 A JP 2003503258A JP 4302509 B2 JP4302509 B2 JP 4302509B2
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Classifications
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
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- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/216—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acids having aromatic rings, e.g. benactizyne, clofibrate
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
- C08F293/005—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule using free radical "living" or "controlled" polymerisation, e.g. using a complexing agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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Description
Zhao et al., Langmuir 6:514-516, 1990; Zhang et al., Science 268:1728-1731, 1995; Inoue et al., J. Controlled Release 51:221-229, 1998 及びKataoka, J. Macromol. Sci. Pure Appl. Chem., A31:1759-1769, 1994を参照のこと。疎水性の内核は、また、アルキル鎖又はジアシル脂質(例えば、ジステアロイルホスファチジルエタノールアミン)のような高度に疎水性の小さな鎖から成ることもできる。疎水性の鎖は、ポリマーの一方の末端に結合することもできるし、高分子構造の中で無作為に分布させることもできる。殻は通常、ポリ(エチレンオキシド)(PEO)(Allen et al., Colloids Surf. B: Biointerf., 16:3-27, 1999及びKataoka et al., J. Controlled Release 64:143-153, 2000を参照のこと)、ポリ(N−ビニル−2−ピロリドン)(PVP)(Benahmed A et al., Pharm. Res., 18:323-328, 2001を参照のこと)又はポリ(2−エチル−2−オキサゾリン)(Lee et al., Macromolecules32:1847-1852, 1999を参照のこと)のような親水性の、生分解性ではない、生体適合性のポリマーの鎖から成る。
欧州特許出願公開第0963 758号及び国際公開第98 19710は、ポリ核酸を濃縮してポリ核酸の細胞膜を通過して細胞内で機能する能力を増大する配合組成に関する。これらの組成はポリカチオンと錯体を形成したポリヌクレオチドである。これらの錯体は第2工程で親水性のポリマーにより覆われる。国際公開第96 21036号は、ポリ核酸を濃縮してポリ核酸の細胞膜を通過して細胞内で機能する能力を増大する配合組成に関する。これらの組成は減弱した免疫原性を有する。これらの参考文献は、安定な自己集合体の形態のポリ核酸を要求する組成を開示している。
両親媒性のコポリマーのミセル化は、疎水性の鎖が親水性のポリマーに無作為に結合しているか、又は親水性の鎖の一方の末端にグラフトしているかどうかによって2種の異なった型のミセルを生じることができる。無作為に変性されたポリマーから形成されたミセルは、末端を変性させたポリマーよりも一般に小型である。ミセルのサイズは、疎水性の鎖を核の中に隔離する疎水性の力及びサイズを制限する鎖間の排除容積相反によって主として決定される。無作為変性コポリマーと末端変性コポリマーにおけるこれら2つの力のバランスにおける差異によって異なるサイズを説明してもよい。
下付き文字は、高分子断片における比率を示す。文字bは、ポリマー及び/又はポリマーのアームがジブロックコポリマー構造に基づくことを表す。用語「co」は、繰り返し単位が高分子断片に沿って無作為に配置されることを意味する。
DMAEMA/EMA比30/70のポリ(エチレングリコール)−ブロック−ポリ(N,N−ジメチルアミノエチレンメタクリレート−co−エチルメタクリレート)の合成
PEG−b−P(DMAEMA30−co−EMA70)
(材料)
製品はすべてアルドリッチ(ウィスコンシン州、ミルウォーキー)から購入した。臭化第一銅(等級、99.99%)、2−ブロモイソブチリルブロミド、無水トリエチルアミン及びN,N,N’,N’,N”,N”−ペンタメチルジエチレントリアミン(PMDETA)をさらに精製することなく使用した。使用前に共沸蒸留によりトルエンにてポリ(エチレングリコール)モノメチルエーテル(MeO−PEG−OH、Mn:2000)を乾燥した。ビニルモノマーとしてエチルメタクリレート(EMA)及び2−(N,N−ジメチルアミノ)エチルメタクリレート(DMAEMA)を用い、重合する前に蒸留した。乾燥指標としてベンゾフェノンを用いて、使用前にナトリウム上にてテトラヒドロフラン(THF)を蒸留した。
図1に例示するように、氷冷槽にてやや冷却した、MeO−PEG−OH(Mn:2000、10g、0.005モル)及びトリエチルアミン(1.0g、0.01モル)の70mL無水THF溶液に2−ブロモイソブチリルブロミド(4.3mL、0.035モル)をゆっくり加えた。次いで溶液を室温まで温め、24時間攪拌した。混合液を水に注ぎ、塩化メチレンで抽出した。有機抽出物を1MのHCl及び1MのNaOH溶液(NaClを含有する)にて順に洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウム上で乾燥した。減圧下で溶媒を除いた。粗生成物を最少量の塩化メチレンに溶解し、ジエチルエーテルに沈殿させた。単純なろ過にて表題の化合物を回収した。収率:沈殿後70%。白色の固形物。融点60〜65℃。1H NMR(δ、ppm、CDCl3):4.18(2H);3.50(188H);3.23(3H,s);1.80(6H,s)
ATRPマクロ開始剤としてα−(2−ブロモイソブチリレート)−ω−メチル−PEGを用いて、モノマーのATRPを大量に溶液で得た。PMDETA(1.1当量)Cu(I)Br(1.1当量)、EMA(14当量)及びDMAEMA(6当量)を含有するTHF(0.8M)溶液にPEG ATRPマクロ開始剤(1当量)を加えた。室温にてアルゴンで15〜20分間混合物を脱気し、次いで一晩60℃に加熱した。重合後、10%のメタノールを含有するTHFに混合物を注いだ。得られたポリマーを溶出液としてのTHFと共にシリカゲル上でろ過し、臭化銅を除いた。最後に、水に対して48時間ポリマーを透析し(SPECTRA/POR No.1、分子量カットオフ6000〜8000)、凍結乾燥した。収率:98%(図1)
ポリ(エチレングリコール)−ブロック−ポリ(N,N−ジメチルアミノエタンメタクリレート−co−エチルメタクリレート)
PEG−b−P(DMAEMA30−co−EMA70)
1H NMR(δ、ppm、MeOD)4.30(18H);4.04(32H);3.60(182H);3.38(3H);2.69(54H);2.05〜1.87(42H);1.43(6H);1.26(56H);1.05及び0.88(73H)
25℃にて重水素を含むクロロホルム(CDCl3)及びメタノール(CD3OD)(カナダ、CDNアイソトープ)中で1H及び13CのNMRをブルッカーAMX300及びARX400に記録した。アライアンスGPCV2000(マサチューセッツ州、ミルフォード、ウォルター)によるサイズ排除クロマトグラフィ(SEC)及び核磁気共鳴分光計(1H−NMR)によって数平均分子量(Mn)及び重量平均分子量(Mw)を決定した。動態光散乱により粒子サイズを評価した。見かけのCACは定常状態のピレン蛍光法により測定した。
銅(I)ブロミド−ペンタメチルジエチレントリアミン(CuBr−PMDETA)を触媒として用い、THF中にて100%に達する重合の収率を得た。THF中におけるEMAとDMAEMAの反応性は類似しており、Kappは1.95x10−4L/モル-1秒-1であった。5時間後、モノマーはすべて完全に消費され、実験的に得られたMnは理論値に近かった(表1)。さらに、多分散度指数(PI)はおよそ1.4であり、PEG−b−P(DMAEMA30−co−EMA70)の調製に用いたPEGマクロ開始剤の多分散度にほぼ相当した。
イオン化可能な単位としてメタクリル酸単位を含有するジブロックコポリマーの合成
PEG−b−P(EA50−co−tBMA50)(前駆体)
PEG−b−P(EA50−co−MAA50)
(材料、PEG−ATRPマクロ開始剤及びATRPの合成)
実施例1に記載のように実施した。しかしながら、唯一の違いは、1当量のPEG−ATRPマクロ開始剤に対して5当量のEMA及び5当量の3級ブチルメタクリレート(tBMA)を、PEG−b−P(EA50−co−tBMA50)の重合に使用したことであった。PEG−b−P(MAA)の場合は、tBMAモノマー(18当量)のみを使用した(図1)。
酸性条件における3級ブチルの切断により、3級ブチル鎖(tBMA)を持つエステル基をカルボン酸基に転換した。tBMA単位(7.7ミリモル)を有するポリマーのジオキサン(2.6M)溶液に、5時間、濃塩酸(32ミリモル)を加えた。ジエチルエーテルにメタクリル酸誘導体を沈殿させ、ろ過した。ポリマーをエタノールに溶解し、水に対してと透析して、凍結乾燥した。
少量のHCl及びNaOHを用いて異なったpHにてCDCl3、CD3OD及びD2O(CDNアイソトープ)中で、1H及び13CのNMRをブルッカーAMX300及びARX400に記録した。アライアンスGPVC2000(マサチューセッツ州、ミルフォード、ウォルター)によるSEC及びNMR分光計によってMn及びMwを決定した。流体力学平均直径及びサイズ分布は、差動サイズ分布処理強度分析(N4プラス、フロリダ州、マイアミ、コールターエレクトロニクス)を用いてDLSによる角度90℃で測定した。見かけのCACは、定常状態のピレン蛍光法により測定した。自己会合のpHは、シリーズ2アミンコ蛍光計を用いて、480nmにて静止光散乱により測定した。会合のpHは定常状態のピレン蛍光法によっても測定した。
PEG−b−P(tBMA);Mn 4560; モノマーとしてtBMAを用いた;
1H NMR(δ、ppm、CDCl3): 4.10(36H);3.64(181H);3.37(3H,s);2.02〜1.80(36H);1.44(6H,s);1.40(162H,s);1.13(18H,s);1.02(36H,s)
PEG−b−P(MAA); Mn 3180; 3級ブチル基の切断後、PEG−b−P(tBMA)から得られた:
1H NMR(δ、ppm、MeOD): 4.19(36H);3.66(186H);3.38(3H);2.02(24H);1.57(2H);1.16(43H)
1H NMR(δ、ppm、CDCl3): 4.10(12H);3.66(181H);3.39(3H);2.10〜1.70(22H);1.44(54H);1.28(18H);1.00(22H)
1H NMR(δ、ppm、MeOD):4.10(12H);3.63(181H);3.36(3H);2.20〜1.70(22H);1.65(6H);1.26(18H);1.14(22H)
PEGを結合したATRPマクロ開始剤を用いたATRPによって、疎水性単位を含有する又は含有しない明確な酸性の(イオン化可能な)コポリマーを調製した。PEGモノメチルエーテルを2−ブロモイソブチルブロミドに結合することにより高い収率でこのマクロ開始剤を合成した。銅(I)ブロミド−ペンタメチルジエチレントリアミン(CuBr−PMDETA)を触媒として用い、THF中にて100%に達する重合の収率を得た。NMRにより推定されたMnは、PEG鎖の末端メトキシ基(約3.4ppm)から算出した。モノマーはすべて5時間後完全に消費され、実験的に得られたMnは理論値に近かった。コポリマーすべてについて、多分散度は、約1.3〜約1.5の範囲内であった(表3)。
Claims (6)
- 疎水性の核と親水性の殻を有する超分子自己集合体であって、前記超分子自己集合体は、
少なくともジブロックコポリマーを含み、
前記ジブロックコポリマーは、アルキルアクリル酸、(アミノアルキル)アクリレート、(アミノアルキル)アルキルアクリレート、アクリレート、アクリルアミド、アルキルアクリレート、アルキルアクリルアミド、アリールアクリレート、及びアリールアクリルアミドからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含むブロックAと、ポリエチレングリコールを含むブロックBからなり、
前記ブロックAは、前記超分子自己集合体の疎水性の核を形成し、前記ブロックBは、前記超分子自己集合体の親水性の殻を形成する、
超分子自己集合体。 - 前記ブロックAは、少なくとも1種のアルキルアクリル酸を含有する請求項1の超分子自己集合体。
- 前記アルキルアクリル酸は、メタクリル酸である請求項2の超分子自己集合体。
- 前記ブロックAは、アルキルアクリレートを含む請求項1の超分子自己集合体。
- 前記アルキルアクリレートは、メタクリレートである請求項4の超分子自己集合体。
- 前記メタクリレートは、ブチルメタクリレートである請求項5の超分子自己集合体。
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2001
- 2001-06-08 US US09/877,999 patent/US6939564B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2002-06-07 MX MXPA03011296A patent/MXPA03011296A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-06-07 WO PCT/CA2002/000855 patent/WO2002100439A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-06-07 AT AT02740164T patent/ATE313335T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-07 EP EP02740164A patent/EP1465665B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-07 AU AU2002315598A patent/AU2002315598B2/en not_active Ceased
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- 2002-06-07 JP JP2003503258A patent/JP4302509B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2002-06-07 DK DK02740164T patent/DK1465665T3/da active
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US20050244501A1 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
MXPA03011296A (es) | 2004-10-28 |
CA2452806A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
AU2002315598B2 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
WO2002100439A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
ES2257556T3 (es) | 2006-08-01 |
EP1465665B1 (en) | 2005-12-21 |
DK1465665T3 (da) | 2006-05-08 |
DE60208237T2 (de) | 2007-01-11 |
JP2004534879A (ja) | 2004-11-18 |
ATE313335T1 (de) | 2006-01-15 |
US7510731B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 |
BR0210284A (pt) | 2004-07-20 |
US20070110709A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 |
US6939564B2 (en) | 2005-09-06 |
US20030059398A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
PT1465665E (pt) | 2006-05-31 |
DE60208237D1 (de) | 2006-01-26 |
CA2452806C (en) | 2011-12-13 |
EP1465665A1 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
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