JP4247527B2 - 混成駆動装置を持つ全輪駆動車両 - Google Patents

混成駆動装置を持つ全輪駆動車両 Download PDF

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JP4247527B2
JP4247527B2 JP2003167133A JP2003167133A JP4247527B2 JP 4247527 B2 JP4247527 B2 JP 4247527B2 JP 2003167133 A JP2003167133 A JP 2003167133A JP 2003167133 A JP2003167133 A JP 2003167133A JP 4247527 B2 JP4247527 B2 JP 4247527B2
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clutch
axle
electric machine
planetary gear
drive
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JP2004042894A (ja
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ヘルマン・ペクニク
ヘルムート・シユテルツル
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マグナ・シユタイル・フアールツオイクテヒニク・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト・ウント・コンパニー・コマンデイトゲゼルシヤフト
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/08—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B60K6/405—Housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、混成駆動装置を持つ全輪駆動車両であって、内燃機関、第１の駆動車軸へ至る第１の動力伝達系列、第２の駆動車軸へ至る第２の動力伝達系列、第２の動力伝達系列にある電気機械、電気機械の前にある第１のクラッチ、及び電気機械の後にある第２のクラッチを含んでいるものに関する。第１のクラッチは従って内燃機関の側にあり、第２のクラッチは第２の駆動車軸の側にある。
【０００２】
このような種類の駆動装置はドイツ連邦共和国特許出願公開第１９６３９９０４号明細書から公知である。この駆動装置は次のような種類の作動を可能にする。即ち電動機又は内燃機関又は混成駆動による走行、種々の駆動態様における再生制動又は充電、全輪駆動又は１つの車軸のみの駆動。しかしクラッチが閉じられる場合第の動力伝達系列が両方の駆動車軸を固定的に結合することにより、全輪駆動の態様において、両方の車軸の間に作動装置がないかのようになり、従って曲り道の走行が不可能である。
【０００３】
この公知の駆動装置の別の欠点は、電気機械が実質的に推進軸の回転数で回転し、減速歯車装置を持つ実施態様では若干速く回転し、回転数は常に走行速度に比例している。電気機械により低速の走行の場合（従ってそれを最も必要とする時）、充分なトルクを利用できず、充電の際又は低速走行における再生制動の際、発電機効果はあまり利用できない。
【０００４】
ドイツ連邦共和国特許出願公開第４４０１４７３号明細書から、第２の駆動車軸へ至る動力伝達系列に設けられる動力伝達装置が公知であり、この装置は全体として回転し、３要素遊星歯車装置及び電気制動機又は渦電流制動機が設けられている。それにより第２の車軸へ伝達されるトルク又は回転数を制御することができるが、この装置の出力量（トルク及び／又は速度）は、入力量より決して大きくなることはない。再生制動、まして駆動への寄与はない。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、すべての電気的機能（駆動、充電、再生制動）の向上のほかに、すべての要求に応じる全輪駆動装置が提供されるように、最初にあげた種類の混成駆動装置を発展させることである。これらの要求は、完全な道路適合性及び永続全輪駆動の際におけるＡＢＳ−互換性及びＥＳＰ互換性も含んでいる。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
これは、本発明によれば、電気機械が、固定子を形成するハウジングと、３要素遊星歯車装置の第１の要素に結合されている回転子から成り、第２の駆動車軸が遊星歯車装置を介して内燃機関に結合可能であるように、遊星歯車装置の第２の要素が第１のクラッチに結合され、遊星歯車装置の第３の要素が第２のクラッチに結合され、第１のクラッチ及び第２のクラッチがそれぞれ２つの切換え位置を持ち、一方の切換え位置でこれらのクラッチが、遊星歯車装置の１つの要素を第２の動力伝達系列のそれぞれ続いている部分に結合し、他方の切換え位置でこれらのクラッチが、遊星歯車装置の前記要素をハウジングに結合することによって達せられる。
【０００７】
遊星歯車装置は、まず回転子との著しく増速される結合を行う。それにより回転子の回転数を動力伝達系列の回転数の数倍にすることができ、必ずしも比例してはいない。回転数は、（特に回転子巻線を介して）電気機械の制御により制御可能である。電気機械の一般に著しく高い回転数レベルによって、電気機械は著しく小さく構成される。その結果低速走行の際にも、大きい制動トルクが利用可能であり、電気機械において大きいトルクが利用可能である。後者は市街地での運転において特に望まれる。
【０００８】
クラッチへの遊星歯車装置の他の要素の結合は、第２のクラッチの回転数が、電気機械により加えられる制動トルクにより制御されて、小さい値から最大まで等しいことを可能にする。即ち第１の駆動車軸の車輪が空転する場合、路面付着状態に応じて、第２の駆動車軸の車軸へ一層大きいトルクが配分される。
【０００９】
更に電気機械は電動機としても運転可能で、それにより第２の駆動車軸を第１の駆動車軸より速く駆動することが可能になる。この場合遊星歯車装置は重畳伝動装置として動作し、それにより第２の駆動車軸は第１の駆動車軸より大きいトルクを利用可能にする。このことは、例えば適当なオーバステアリングを生じるために非常に有効である。
【００１０】
本発明によれば、第１のクラッチ及び第２のクラッチがそれぞれ２つの切換え位置を持ち、一方の切換え位置でこれらのクラッチが、遊星歯車装置の１つの要素を第２の動力伝達系列のそれぞれ続いている部分に結合し、他方の切換え位置でこれらのクラッチが、前記要素をハウジングに結合するので、第１の位置では両方の車軸すべてが駆動され、第２の位置では一方又は他方の要素をハウジングに結合することにより、遊星歯車装置の変速比が一層大きくなり、これば一方の場合第２の車軸のみの電動駆動による運転に役立ち、他方の場合充電運転に役立つ。
【００１１】
遊星歯車装置の特に有利な配置では、遊星歯車装置の第１の要素が太陽歯車装置であり、第２の要素が遊星キャリアであり、第３の要素が内歯環状歯車であり、太陽歯車及び電気機械の回転子が共通な中空軸上にある（請求項２）。更に電気機械及び遊星歯車装置が共通なハウジングに収容され、このハウジングの両側にそれぞれ１つのクラッチが続いている（請求項３）。
【００１２】
本発明による構成は多様な全輪駆動システムに適している。即ち差動装置を必要としない中央動力分配装置を持つ従来のシステムでは、両方の動力伝達系列の１つに、遊星歯車装置を持つ電気機械を設けることができる。第１の動力伝達系列が永続的に駆動される第１の車軸（大抵の場合前車軸）へ至り、第２の動力伝達系列が推進軸を経て第の駆動車軸へ至るシステムの場合、第１の動力伝達系列が常に駆動される前車軸へ至り、第２の動力伝達系列が、推進軸を経て第２の車軸へ至っているものにおいて、電気機械が推進軸と第２の駆動車軸の車軸伝動装置との間に設けられている（請求項４）。
【００１３】
特に経済的で重量分布にとって有利な発展は、電気機械が遊星歯車装置及び両方のクラッチと共に車軸伝動装置に直接続き、そのハウジングが互いに結合され又は一体にされていることである（請求項５）。
【００１４】
第１の駆動車軸が車軸伝動装置及び車輪へ至る２つの半軸を持っている場合、本発明の可能な発展は、両方の半軸の１つに第３のクラッチが設けられていることである（請求項６）。この第３のクラッチが開いていると、このような配置は、車両が停止していても、電気機械を発電機として運転することを可能にする。即ちその場合車軸伝動装置の差動装置は、車両を駆動することなく、トルクが電気機械へ伝達されるように、差動動作する。
【００１５】
本発明が図面により以下に説明される。
【００１６】
【実施例】
図１において、本発明による全輪駆動車両の機関−変速機ブロックは１で示され、第１の駆動車軸（ここでは前車軸）は２で示され、第２の駆動車軸（ここでは後車軸）は３で示されている。第１の駆動車軸２は、第１の半軸５と第２の半軸６との間に、差動装置を持つ車軸伝動装置４を持ち、図示した装置では、第１の動力伝達系列はこの車軸伝動装置４に変質されている。この第１の動力伝達系列４には傘歯車装置７が続いて、第２の動力伝達系列１０の動力取出し装置を形成し、第２の動力伝達系列１０は第２の駆動車軸３の差動装置へ至り、推進軸９と本発明による装置とにより形成されている。
【００１７】
本発明によるこの装置は、電気機械１５と遊星歯車装置１９から成り、この遊星歯車装置１９も、電気機械１５の固定子巻線１７及び回転子１８と共に、ハウジング１６に収容されている。ハウジング１６及び固定子巻線１７は車両に固定しており、即ち回転しない。ハウジング１６の前には第１のクラッチ２０が設けられ、ハウジング１６の後には第２のクラッチ２１が設けられている。これらのクラッチは、爪クラッチ又は同期化装置を持つか又は持たないスリーブクラッチとすることができる。例えば多板クラッチのような他のクラッチも考えられる。
【００１８】
固定子巻線１７は、適当な出力電子装置２３を介して蓄電池２２に接続されている。制御電子装置２４は、種々の走行データ及び運転データ２５から、出力電子装置２３及び操作器２８を持つクラッチ２０，２１の制御装置用制御信号２６を受ける。最後に第１の駆動車軸の第２の半軸６には、更に第３のクラッチ３０を設けることができるが、これについては後述する。
【００１９】
図２には、電気機械１５のみが隣接する機構と共に特定の作動位置で示されている。電気機械に隣接する機構は、遊星歯車装置１９のほかに、両方のクラッチ２０，２１である。第１のクラッチ２０は、２つの異なる連結位置を持っている。第１の連結位置では、このクラッチは推進軸９を第１のクラッチボス４０に結合し、第２の連結位置では、クラッチボス４０を第１のハウジングボス４１に結合する、第２のクラッチ２１も同様に２つの連結位置を持っている。第１の連結位置では、このクラッチは第２の動力伝達系列の残り即ち車軸伝動装置８を第２のクラッチボス４２に結合し、他の連結位置では第２のクラッチボス４２を第２のハウジングボス４３に結合する。
【００２０】
遊星歯車装置１９は、電気機械１５の回転子１８に相対回転しないように結合されかつこれと共に中空軸を形成する太陽歯車４４と、回転子１８及びその中空軸を貫通しかつ第１のクラッチボス４０に相対回転しないように結合される遊星キャリア４５と、第２のクラッチボス４２に相対回転しないように結合される内歯環状歯車４６から成っている。
【００２１】
図２に示す作動状態では、第１のクラッチ２０が遊星キャリア４５を推進軸９に相対回転しないように結合し、第２のクラッチ２１が内歯環状歯車４６を第２の車軸伝動装置８の駆動部に結合している。これは、遊星歯車装置１９を介して両方の駆動車軸２，３の結合が行われていることを意味する。トルクを伝達するために、遊星歯車装置１９の要素の１つが支持されねばならない。この支持をこの場合制動機として作用する電気機械１５が行う。電気機械１５により及ぼされる制動力は、出力電子装置２３によって制御可能なので、内歯環状歯車装置４６の回転数が遊星キャリア４５の回転数より小さい限り、又は第２の駆動車軸３の回転数が第１の駆動車軸２の回転数より小さい限り、それは、遊星歯車装置における支持力、従って第２の車軸へ伝達されるトルクでもある。即ち両方の駆動車軸の間の制御可能な連結の作用、従ってこれらの車軸の間のトルク分配の制御が生じる。
【００２２】
しかし電気機械１５は制動発電機であるだけではなく、電動機でもあるので、第２の駆動車軸３の適当な制御により、電動機１５は更にもっと大きいトルクを伝達し、その回転数を第１の駆動車軸２の回転数以上に上昇することができる。
【００２３】
図３においては、第１のクラッチが他の位置へ切換えられ、この位置で第１のクラッチボス４０を第１のハウジングボス４１に相対回転しないように結合する。今や遊星キャリア４５はハウジング１６に相対回転しないように結合される。こうして遊星歯車装置１９は固定軸歯車装置（静止変速機とも称される）になり、内歯環状歯車４６は太陽歯車４４従ってそれと共に電機機械１５の回転子１８を非常に速く回転させる。この切換え位置で、２つの作動状態が可能である。即ち第１の作動状態では、第２の駆動車軸３が電気機械１５を駆動し、従って電気機械１５が発電機として作用し、こうして再生制動が行われる。第２の作動状態では、電気機械１５が電動機として作用して、大きい変速比で第２の駆動車軸３のみを駆動する。それにより、低い速度及び良好な路面付着（全輪駆動を必要としない市内交通）において、高い加速度が与えられる。即ち内燃機関を停止した状態で、従って純電気的に走行することができる。
【００２４】
図４においては、両方のクラッチ２０，２１が、クラッチボス４０，４２をハウジングボス４１，４３に相対回転しないように結合する位置にある。即ち電気機械１５は完全に拘束されている。この作動状態において、車両は通常内燃機関により走行し、第１の駆動車軸２のみの駆動が行われる。
【００２５】
図５の作動状態では、第１のクラッチ２０は、第１のクラッチボス４０が推進軸９従って第１の駆動車軸２及び内燃機関に相対回転しないように結合されている位置にある。第２のクラッチ２１は第２のクラッチハウジング３に対して第２のクラッチボス４２を拘束し、遊星歯車装置１９の内歯環状歯車４６は静止している。第１のクラッチ２０の位置のため、車両が走行する際、遊星キャリア４５が駆動される。その遊星歯車が内歯環状歯車４６上を転がるので、太陽歯車４４と共に電気機械１５の回転子１８が非常に速く回転する。
【００２６】
この連結状態では、再び２つの作動状態が生じ、それぞれ第１の駆動車軸でのみ駆動が行われ、第２の車軸は駆動されない。第１の作動状態では、電気機械１５が電動機として作用して、第１の駆動車軸の駆動の際著しく減速されて内燃機関を援助する。第２の作動状態では、電気機械１５が発電機として動作する。即ち電気機械は、現在のところ駆動には必要でない内燃機関の出力を電流の発生のために利用し、この電流が蓄電池２２（図１）に蓄えられる。それにより内燃機関をその有利な範囲で運転することができる。
【００２７】
この作動状態から始まって、停止状態においても蓄電池を充電しようとすれば、第１の駆動車軸の半軸６にあって図１に認められるクラッチ３０を開くことによって、この充電が可能である。車軸伝動装置４のため、他方の半軸５は駆動されず、第２の動力伝達系列１０従って発電機として動作する電気機械１５のみが駆動される。車両が停止している場合の発電機運転は、車両自身には属さない電気負荷の給電にも役立つ。
【００２８】
図６は、本発明の全く異なる実施形態を示している。ここで第２の駆動車軸へ至る第２の動力伝達系列１１０は、その間にあるすべてのものと共に、図１の実施形態とは全く相違していない。相違は、機械−変速機ブロック１０１がここでは車両縦方向に設けられ、固定した動力分配装置１０４従って中央差動装置なしの動力分配装置により行われ、この動力分配装置から第１の動力伝達系列１０９が第１の駆動車軸１０２へ至り、公知の第２の動力伝達系列１１０が第２の駆動車軸１０３へ至っている。しかし本発明の範囲内で、両方の動力伝達系列を交換し、即ち１０９から１１０へ又はその逆にすることもできる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明による駆動装置を持つ車両の概略を示す。
【図２】第１の作動態様における図１の詳細を示す。
【図３】第２の作動態様における図１の詳細を示す。
【図４】第３の作動態様における図１の詳細を示す。
【図５】第４の作動態様における図１の詳細を示す。
【図６】別の実施形態の概略を示す。
【符号の説明】
１ 内燃機関
２；１０２ 第１の駆動車軸
３；１０３ 第２の駆動車軸
４；１０９ 第１の動力伝達系列
１０；１１０ 第２の動力伝達系列
１５ 電気機械
１６ ハウジング
１７ 固定子
１８ 回転子
１９ 遊星歯車装置
２０ 第１のクラッチ
２１ 第２のクラッチ
４４ 第１の要素
４５ 第２の要素
４６ 第３の要素

Claims (7)

  1. 混成駆動装置を持つ全輪駆動車両であって、内燃機関（１）、第１の駆動車軸（２；１０２）へ至る第１の動力伝達系列（４；１０９）、第２の駆動車軸（３；１０３）へ至る第２の動力伝達系列（１０；１１０）、第２の動力伝達系列（１０；１１０）にある電気機械（１５）、電気機械（１５）の前にある第１のクラッチ（２０）、及び電気機械（１５）の後にある第２のクラッチ（２１）を含んでいるものにおいて、
    電気機械（１５）が、固定子（１７）を形成するハウジング（１６）と、３要素遊星歯車装置（１９）の第１の要素（４４）に結合されている回転子（１８）から成り、第２の駆動車軸（３；１０３）が遊星歯車装置（１９）を介して内燃機関（１）に結合可能であるように、遊星歯車装置（１９）の第２の要素（４５）が第１のクラッチ（２０）に結合され、遊星歯車装置（１９）の第３の要素（４６）が第２のクラッチ（２１）に結合され、第１のクラッチ（２０）及び第２のクラッチ（２１）がそれぞれ２つの切換え位置を持ち、一方の切換え位置でこれらのクラッチ（２０及び２１）が、遊星歯車装置（１９）の１つの要素（４５，４６）を第２の動力伝達系列（１０）のそれぞれ続いている部分に結合し、他方の切換え位置でこれらのクラッチ（２０及び２１）が、遊星歯車装置（１９）の前記要素（４５，４６）をハウジング（１６）に結合することを特徴とする、混成駆動装置を持つ全輪駆動車両。
  2. 遊星歯車装置（１９）の第１の要素（４４）が太陽歯車であり、第２の要素（４５）が遊星キャリアであり、第３の要素（４６）が内歯環状歯車であり、太陽歯車（４４）及び電気機械（１５）の回転子（１８）が共通な中空軸上にあることを特徴とする、請求項１に記載の混成駆動装置を持つ全輪駆動車両。
  3. 電気機械（１５）及び遊星歯車装置（１９）が共通なハウジング（１６）に収容され、このハウジング（１６）の両側にそれぞれ１つのクラッチ（２０，２１）が続いていることを特徴とする、請求項１に記載の混成駆動装置を持つ全輪駆動車両。
  4. 第１の動力伝達糸列（４）が常に駆動される前車軸（２）へ至り、第２の動力伝達系列（１０）が、推進軸（９）を経て第２の車軸（３）へ至っているものにおいて、電気機械（１５）が推進軸（９）と第２の駆動車軸（３）の車軸伝動装置（８）との間に設けられていることを特徴とする、請求項１に記載の混成駆動装置を持つ全輪駆動車両。
  5. 電気機械（１５）が遊星歯車装置（１９）及び両方のクラッチ（２０，２１）と共に車軸伝動装置（８）に直接続き、そのハウジングが互いに結合されていることを特徴とする、請求項４に記載の混成駆動装置を持つ全輪駆動車両。
  6. 第１の駆動車軸（２）が車軸伝動装置（４）及び車輪へ至る２つの半軸（５，６）を持っているものにおいて、両方の半軸（５，６）の１つに第３のクラッチ（１０）が設けられていることを特徴とする、請求項４に記載の混成駆動装置を持つ金輪駆動車両。
  7. クラッチ（２０，２１，３０）の少なくとも１つが同期化されていることを特徴とする、請求項１に記載の混成駆動装置を持つ全輪駆動車両。
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US20030234124A1 (en) 2003-12-25
CA2428006A1 (en) 2003-11-17
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CA2428006C (en) 2011-01-18

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