JP3850404B2 - 屋根材型太陽電池モジュール - Google Patents
屋根材型太陽電池モジュール Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3850404B2 JP3850404B2 JP2003353615A JP2003353615A JP3850404B2 JP 3850404 B2 JP3850404 B2 JP 3850404B2 JP 2003353615 A JP2003353615 A JP 2003353615A JP 2003353615 A JP2003353615 A JP 2003353615A JP 3850404 B2 JP3850404 B2 JP 3850404B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- solar cell
- roof
- cell module
- type solar
- roof material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 132
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 zinc-aluminum-magnesium Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
- H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
- H02S20/25—Roof tile elements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S136/00—Batteries: thermoelectric and photoelectric
- Y10S136/291—Applications
Description
Claims (10)
- 屋根材基盤部と発電部とを備える屋根材型太陽電池モジュールであって、
前記屋根材基盤部は、前記発電部を搭載する搭載面と、周辺の屋根材と取合える構造と、を有し、前記発電部は、前記搭載面の一部を露出させた状態で前記搭載面に搭載されており、
前記搭載面の前記露出された部分に、発電部の厚みよりも大きい高さを有する突起が形成され、この突起上に前記屋根材基盤部を周辺の屋根材に固定するための釘および/またはビスを打つための穴が設けられ、この穴の裏面側に、瓦桟にひっかけるための曲げが形成されたコ字状の補強アングルが入れられてなる構造を備える、屋根材型太陽電池モジュール。 - 前記発電部は前記搭載面の輪郭を形成する多角形の1以上の頂点の近傍において前記搭載面を露出させた状態で前記搭載面に搭載されている、請求項1に記載の屋根材型太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記搭載面の輪郭はn角形(nは3以上の自然数)であり、前記発電部の輪郭は(n+1)角形または(n+2)角形(nは3以上の自然数)である、請求項1に記載の屋根材型太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記搭載面の輪郭は4角形であり、前記発電部の輪郭は前記搭載面と合同の4角形の1つまたは2つの頂点を切落した5角形または6角形である、請求項1に記載の屋根材型太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記搭載面の前記露出された部分にモジュール間固定具が取付けられており、前記モジュール間固定具は前記屋根材型太陽電池モジュールが屋根面に複数設置される場合に軒側と棟側とに位置する複数の屋根材型太陽電池モジュールを互いに固定することができる構造を有する、請求項1に記載の屋根材型太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記棟側に位置する屋根材型太陽電池モジュールの前記屋根材基盤部の軒側にリブが設けられており、前記リブは前記軒側に位置する屋根材型太陽電池モジュールの前記モジュール間固定具に引掛る構造を有する、請求項5に記載の屋根材型太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記屋根材基盤部に棟側に開放された形状で切欠きが設けられており、前記切欠きは前記発電部に設けられた端子ボックスを屋根面側へ露出することができる構造を有する、請求項1に記載の屋根材型太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記屋根材基盤部と前記発電部とは接着により固定されている、請求項1に記載の屋根材型太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記屋根材基盤部に凹部が設けられており、前記凹部は接着剤を塗布することができる構造を有する、請求項1に記載の屋根材型太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記屋根材基盤部の軒側に化粧カバーが取付けられており、前記化粧カバーは前記屋根材型太陽電池モジュールを屋根面に設置した場合に前記屋根材基盤部の軒側端部を被覆することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の屋根材型太陽電池モジュール。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003353615A JP3850404B2 (ja) | 2003-10-14 | 2003-10-14 | 屋根材型太陽電池モジュール |
US10/962,464 US7138578B2 (en) | 2003-10-14 | 2004-10-13 | Roof cover type solar cell module |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003353615A JP3850404B2 (ja) | 2003-10-14 | 2003-10-14 | 屋根材型太陽電池モジュール |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2005120589A JP2005120589A (ja) | 2005-05-12 |
JP3850404B2 true JP3850404B2 (ja) | 2006-11-29 |
Family
ID=34419923
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003353615A Expired - Fee Related JP3850404B2 (ja) | 2003-10-14 | 2003-10-14 | 屋根材型太陽電池モジュール |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7138578B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3850404B2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (50)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2487774C (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2012-10-30 | Elk Premium Building Products, Inc. | Photovoltaic building materials and related methods of installation |
US7728219B2 (en) | 2006-12-11 | 2010-06-01 | Sunmodular, Inc. | Photovoltaic cells, modules and methods of making same |
US20080135090A1 (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-12 | Sunmodular, Inc. | Solar roof tiles with heat exchange and methods of making thereof |
US20080134497A1 (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-12 | Sunmodular, Inc. | Modular solar panels with heat exchange & methods of making thereof |
FR2914785B1 (fr) * | 2007-04-06 | 2009-05-15 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Revetement de toiture photovoltaique |
WO2010068677A2 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2010-06-17 | Koch Steven A | Photovoltaic roofing elements, photovoltaic roofing systems, methods and kits |
WO2010111383A2 (en) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-09-30 | Jenkins Robert L | Photovoltaic systems, methods for installing photovoltaic systems, and kits for installing photovoltaic systems |
FR2946677B1 (fr) * | 2009-06-10 | 2011-07-29 | Mediat S | Dispositif d'assemblage entre un panneau photovoltaique et un corps de tuile que comprend un element de couverture d'un batiment |
US8656657B2 (en) | 2009-08-31 | 2014-02-25 | Certainteed Corporation | Photovoltaic roofing elements |
US8424256B2 (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2013-04-23 | Thomas Lawson Cook | Asphalt roof integrated photovoltaic |
CN102345350A (zh) * | 2010-08-02 | 2012-02-08 | 泰科电子(上海)有限公司 | 光伏幕墙 |
US8713861B2 (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2014-05-06 | Solus Engineering, Llc | Roof tiles and related systems |
US8601754B2 (en) | 2010-12-31 | 2013-12-10 | Certainteed Corporation | Photovoltaic roofing elements and photovoltaic roofing systems |
US9166087B2 (en) | 2010-12-31 | 2015-10-20 | Certainteed Corporation | Wind uplift-resistant photovoltaic roofing elements and photovoltaic roofing systems |
US9231123B1 (en) | 2011-03-08 | 2016-01-05 | Apollo Precision (Fujian) Limited | Flexible connectors for building integrable photovoltaic modules |
US9112080B1 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2015-08-18 | Apollo Precision (Kunming) Yuanhong Limited | Electrical connectors of building integrable photovoltaic modules |
CA2794345A1 (en) | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-14 | Certainteed Corporation | Photovoltaic roofing elements and photovoltaic roofing systems |
US9577133B2 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2017-02-21 | Beijing Apollo Ding Rong Solar Technology Co., Ltd. | Flexible connectors of building integrable photovoltaic modules for enclosed jumper attachment |
US8613169B2 (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2013-12-24 | Miasole | Electrical routing structures for building integrable photovoltaic arrays |
US8898970B2 (en) | 2012-06-12 | 2014-12-02 | Certainteed Corporation | Photovoltaic roofing systems with inner corner flashings |
CA2843855A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-15 | Certainteed Corporation | Roofing flashings and roofing systems and photovoltaic roofing systems using the same |
US9169646B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-10-27 | Building Materials Investment Corporation | Low profile slate-style solar roofing system |
US10756669B2 (en) | 2014-12-04 | 2020-08-25 | Solarmass Energy Group Ltd. | Solar roof tile |
US10560048B2 (en) | 2015-11-02 | 2020-02-11 | Certainteed Corporation | Photovoltaic roofing systems with bottom flashings |
US10425035B2 (en) | 2017-09-15 | 2019-09-24 | Miasolé Hi-Tech Corp. | Module connector for flexible photovoltaic module |
JP7364579B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-10 | 2023-10-18 | 株式会社カネカ | 建材一体型太陽電池モジュール及びそれを備えた屋根構造 |
US10530292B1 (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2020-01-07 | Solarmass Energy Group Ltd. | Solar roof tile with integrated cable management system |
US11489482B2 (en) | 2020-01-22 | 2022-11-01 | GAF Energy LLC | Integrated photovoltaic roofing shingles, methods, systems, and kits thereof |
JP7292407B2 (ja) * | 2020-02-17 | 2023-06-16 | 横店集団東磁股▲ふん▼有限公司 | 太陽エネルギータイル構造 |
US11961928B2 (en) | 2020-02-27 | 2024-04-16 | GAF Energy LLC | Photovoltaic module with light-scattering encapsulant providing shingle-mimicking appearance |
MX2022011753A (es) | 2020-03-30 | 2022-10-18 | Bmic Llc | Paneles de techo estructurales laminados interconectables. |
CN115812034A (zh) | 2020-04-30 | 2023-03-17 | Gaf能源有限责任公司 | 光伏模块前板和背板 |
WO2021230938A1 (en) | 2020-05-13 | 2021-11-18 | GAF Energy LLC | Electrical cable passthrough |
CA3180900A1 (en) | 2020-06-04 | 2021-12-09 | Gabriela Bunea | Photovoltaic shingles and methods of installing same |
MX2023000952A (es) | 2020-07-22 | 2023-04-19 | GAF Energy LLC | Modulos fotovoltaicos. |
CN116420231A (zh) | 2020-09-03 | 2023-07-11 | Gaf能源有限责任公司 | 建筑集成光伏系统 |
US11545928B2 (en) | 2020-10-13 | 2023-01-03 | GAF Energy LLC | Solar roofing system |
US11444569B2 (en) | 2020-10-14 | 2022-09-13 | GAF Energy LLC | Mounting apparatus for photovoltaic modules |
US11454027B2 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2022-09-27 | GAF Energy LLC | System of roofing and photovoltaic shingles and methods of installing same |
US11855580B2 (en) | 2020-11-09 | 2023-12-26 | Bmic Llc | Interlocking structural roofing panels with integrated solar panels |
CA3197587A1 (en) | 2020-11-12 | 2022-05-19 | Gabriela Bunea | Roofing shingles with handles |
CA3197598A1 (en) | 2020-11-13 | 2022-05-19 | Gabriela Bunea | Photovoltaic module systems and methods |
US11459757B2 (en) | 2021-01-19 | 2022-10-04 | GAF Energy LLC | Watershedding features for roofing shingles |
EP4295414A1 (en) | 2021-02-19 | 2023-12-27 | Gaf Energy LLC | Photovoltaic module for a roof with continuous fiber tape |
WO2022236029A1 (en) | 2021-05-06 | 2022-11-10 | GAF Energy LLC | Photovoltaic module with transparent perimeter edges |
CA3215217A1 (en) | 2021-06-02 | 2022-12-08 | Richard Perkins | Photovoltaic module with light-scattering encapsulant providing shingle-mimicking appearance |
US11512480B1 (en) | 2021-07-16 | 2022-11-29 | GAF Energy LLC | Roof material storage bracket |
US11728759B2 (en) | 2021-09-01 | 2023-08-15 | GAF Energy LLC | Photovoltaic modules for commercial roofing |
US11824486B2 (en) | 2022-01-20 | 2023-11-21 | GAF Energy LLC | Roofing shingles for mimicking the appearance of photovoltaic modules |
US11811361B1 (en) | 2022-12-14 | 2023-11-07 | GAF Energy LLC | Rapid shutdown device for photovoltaic modules |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0462716U (ja) * | 1990-10-02 | 1992-05-28 | ||
JP2750078B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-17 | 1998-05-13 | キヤノン株式会社 | 太陽電池モジュールアレイ |
JP3554643B2 (ja) * | 1996-12-16 | 2004-08-18 | 碧南特殊機械株式会社 | 平板瓦 |
JPH11324234A (ja) | 1998-05-19 | 1999-11-26 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 太陽電池付き瓦 |
JP3905673B2 (ja) * | 1999-12-20 | 2007-04-18 | 株式会社カネカ | 太陽電池モジュール瓦及び屋根 |
JP3548496B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-28 | 2004-07-28 | 積水ハウス株式会社 | 太陽エネルギモジュール及びこの太陽エネルギモジュールを備えた太陽エネルギシステム並びにこの太陽エネルギシステムを備えた住宅 |
JP2002070271A (ja) | 2000-08-30 | 2002-03-08 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 瓦型太陽電池モジュール |
JP3602783B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-18 | 2004-12-15 | シャープ株式会社 | 太陽電池モジュールおよびその取り付け構造 |
JP2002180603A (ja) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-06-26 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 太陽電池モジュールの敷設方法 |
JP4208403B2 (ja) * | 2000-11-14 | 2009-01-14 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 太陽電池モジュール及び太陽電池モジュールの設置方法 |
JP3692292B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-11 | 2005-09-07 | シャープ株式会社 | 太陽電池モジュール |
JP2003105939A (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-09 | Sharp Corp | 太陽電池モジュールおよびその取付構造並びに住宅 |
-
2003
- 2003-10-14 JP JP2003353615A patent/JP3850404B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-10-13 US US10/962,464 patent/US7138578B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050076948A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
JP2005120589A (ja) | 2005-05-12 |
US7138578B2 (en) | 2006-11-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP3850404B2 (ja) | 屋根材型太陽電池モジュール | |
JP2005299278A (ja) | 瓦一体型太陽電池モジュール | |
JP4365450B1 (ja) | 太陽電池モジュールの固定構造、太陽電池モジュール用のフレーム及び固定部材 | |
US20080190047A1 (en) | Solar Panel Roof Kit | |
JP2007315170A (ja) | 太陽電池屋根用タイル | |
JP4712141B2 (ja) | 太陽電池モジュールおよび太陽電池モジュールの設置構造 | |
JP2000226908A (ja) | 太陽電池付き屋根瓦及びその製造方法 | |
KR20050108958A (ko) | 지지프레임 일체형 태양전지 패널 | |
JP4286592B2 (ja) | 瓦屋根用の太陽電池モジュール | |
JP5179935B2 (ja) | 建材一体型太陽光発電ユニット | |
JPH116255A (ja) | 太陽電池を埋め込んだ瓦 | |
JP4025679B2 (ja) | 太陽電池モジュールの取り付け方法 | |
JP4693491B2 (ja) | 太陽電池モジュール装置及びこれを用いた太陽電池アレイ | |
JP2003049509A (ja) | 太陽電池付き屋根材 | |
JP2012154155A (ja) | 設備固定防水構造 | |
JP5766520B2 (ja) | 直付け式太陽電池パネルおよびその太陽電池パネルの取り付け施工方法 | |
JP2004132054A (ja) | 太陽電池モジュールの屋根取付け構造体及び太陽電池アレイ | |
JP3679158B2 (ja) | 建物屋根の太陽電池パネル取り付け構造 | |
JP2005036604A (ja) | 太陽電池モジュール付き屋根材及び屋根 | |
JP6099317B2 (ja) | 建築物の屋根の棟構造 | |
CN216619460U (zh) | 瓦楞照明灯及仿古建筑屋顶 | |
CN216196078U (zh) | 一种带触发结构的支架、屋面板组件及屋面系统 | |
JP2001081938A (ja) | 改修壁構造 | |
JP3161500U (ja) | 太陽光発電パネル設置建築物 | |
JPH10317592A (ja) | 太陽電池付屋根 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20050713 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20050802 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20050929 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20060110 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20060307 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20060822 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20060829 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090908 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100908 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110908 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120908 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130908 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |