JP2023522346A - リチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液及びこれを含むリチウム‐硫黄電池 - Google Patents
リチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液及びこれを含むリチウム‐硫黄電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023522346A JP2023522346A JP2022563198A JP2022563198A JP2023522346A JP 2023522346 A JP2023522346 A JP 2023522346A JP 2022563198 A JP2022563198 A JP 2022563198A JP 2022563198 A JP2022563198 A JP 2022563198A JP 2023522346 A JP2023522346 A JP 2023522346A
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- Prior art keywords
- solvent
- ether
- lithium
- electrolyte
- sulfur battery
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethyl ether Chemical compound CCOC(C)(C)C NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- DOESGSGKEZIPFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)COC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F DOESGSGKEZIPFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HCBRSIIGBBDDCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane Chemical group FC(F)C(F)(F)COC(F)(F)C(F)F HCBRSIIGBBDDCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- SZNYYWIUQFZLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropoxy)propane Chemical compound CC(C)COCC(C)C SZNYYWIUQFZLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CAQYAZNFWDDMIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOC CAQYAZNFWDDMIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JOROOXPAFHWVRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F JOROOXPAFHWVRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxane Chemical compound C1COCOC1 VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WSIIYENBWBHASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F WSIIYENBWBHASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZJNSNLGAFDATPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-aminopyridin-4-yl)acetic acid Chemical compound NC1=CN=CC=C1CC(O)=O ZJNSNLGAFDATPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HEMYUAPEXJWFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-iodobenzamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(I)=C1 HEMYUAPEXJWFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC#N IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZDCRNXMZSKCKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-(4-bromoanilino)piperidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C1CN(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCC1NC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 ZDCRNXMZSKCKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006832 (C1-C10) alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LLEVMYXEJUDBTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCCC#N LLEVMYXEJUDBTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- JZBQCJRCMQCPKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoro-2-(1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropan-2-yloxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)C(C(F)(F)F)OC(C(F)F)C(F)(F)F JZBQCJRCMQCPKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- -1 lithium cations Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[S] Chemical class [C].[S] GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZASBKNPRLPFSCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)OCC(F)(F)F ZASBKNPRLPFSCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJAFRMGZWFDZAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M cesium;nitrite Chemical compound [Cs+].[O-]N=O AJAFRMGZWFDZAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N francium atom Chemical compound [Fr] KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008570 general process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZQBNEMDGTRFOFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N.N#CCCCCC#N ZQBNEMDGTRFOFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IDNHOWMYUQKKTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium nitrite Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]N=O IDNHOWMYUQKKTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSFDLPWPRRSVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F HSFDLPWPRRSVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;sulfane Chemical compound C.S YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004304 potassium nitrite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010671 solid-state reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
リチウム塩及び有機溶媒を含むリチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液において、前記有機溶媒は第1溶媒、第2溶媒、及び第3溶媒を含み、前記第1溶媒はシアノ基(‐CN)を含む下記化学式1または化学式2で表される化合物;2つ以上の酸素原子を含む線形エーテル;または環形エーテル;を含み、前記第2溶媒はフッ素化されたエーテル系溶媒を含み、前記第3溶媒は下記化学式3で表されるエーテル系非溶媒を含む、リチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液を提供する。
[化1]
R1‐CN
[化2]
NC‐R2‐CN
(ただし、前記化学式1において、R1はC1ないしC10のアルキル基で、前記化学式2において、R2はC1ないしC10のアルキレン基である)
[化3]
R3‐O‐R4
(ただし、前記化学式3において、R3及びR4は互いに同一であるか異なって、それぞれ独立的に、メチル基、エチル基、n‐プロピル基、iso‐プロピル基、n‐ブチル基、iso‐ブチル基、sec‐ブチル基またはtert‐ブチル基である)
正極;負極;前記正極と負極の間に介在された分離膜;及び前記電解液;を含む、リチウム‐硫黄電池を提供する。
本発明によるリチウム塩及び有機溶媒を含むリチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液において、前記有機溶媒は、第1溶媒、第2溶媒、及び第3溶媒を含み、前記第1溶媒はシアノ基(‐CN)を含む下記化学式1または化学式2で表される化合物;2つ以上の酸素原子を含む線形エーテル;または環形エーテル;を含み、前記第2溶媒はフッ素化されたエーテル系溶媒を含み、前記第3溶媒は下記化学式3で表されるエーテル系非溶媒を含む。
[化1]
R1‐CN
[化2]
NC‐R2‐CN
(ただし、前記化学式1において、R1はC1ないしC10のアルキル基で、前記化学式2において、R2はC1ないしC10のアルキレン基である)
[化3]
R3‐O‐R4
(ただし、前記化学式3において、R3及びR4は互いに同一であるか異なって、それぞれ独立的に、メチル基、エチル基、n‐プロピル基、iso‐プロピル基、n‐ブチル基、iso‐ブチル基、sec‐ブチル基またはtert‐ブチル基である)
本発明によるリチウム‐硫黄電池は、正極;負極;前記正極と負極の間に介在された分離膜;及び電解液;を含み、前記電解液で本発明によるリチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液を含む。
リチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液の製造:製造例1ないし7
[製造例1]
有機溶媒に2.3M濃度のリチウムビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミド(LiTFSI)を溶解させてリチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液を製造した。
有機溶媒の製造時に第1溶媒、第2溶媒、第3溶媒を30:35:35の体積比で混合したことを除いては、製造例1と同様の方法でリチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液を製造した。
有機溶媒の製造時に第1溶媒、第2溶媒、第3溶媒を30:17.5:52.5の体積比で混合したことを除いては、製造例1と同様の方法でリチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液を製造した。
有機溶媒の製造時に第3溶媒としてエチルtert‐ブチルエーテル(EtBE)の代わりにジイソプロピルエーテル(DiPE)を使用したことを除いては、製造例1と同様の方法でリチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液を製造した。
有機溶媒の製造時に第3溶媒としてエチルtert‐ブチルエーテル(EtBE)の代わにジイソプロピルエーテル(DiPE)を使用したことを除いては、製造例2と同様の方法でリチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液を製造した。
有機溶媒の製造時に第3溶媒としてエチルtert‐ブチルエーテル(EtBE)の代わりにジイソプロピルエーテル(DiPE)を使用したことを除いては、製造例3と同様の方法でリチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液を製造した。
第3溶媒を使わずに、第1溶媒であるアセトニトリル(ACN)と第2溶媒である1,1,2,2‐テトラフルオロエチル‐2,2,3,3‐テトラフルオロプロピルエーテル(TTE)を30:70の体積比で混合して有機溶媒を製造したことを除いては、製造例1と同様の方法でリチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液を製造した。
[実施例1]
水を溶媒にして、硫黄‐炭素複合体、導電材及びバインダーを90:10:10の割合で混合して正極活物質スラリーを製造した。この時、硫黄‐炭素複合体は、硫黄と炭素ナノチューブ(CNT)を7:3の重量比で混合した後、155℃で溶融拡散(melt‐diffusion)させて製造した。また、導電材ではデンカブラックを、バインダーではSBRとCMCを混合した形態のバインダーを利用した。
リチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液として前記製造例2ないし6の電解液を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム‐硫黄電池を製造した。
リチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液として前記製造例7の電解液を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム‐硫黄電池を製造した。
前記実施例1ないし6及び比較例1によって製造されたリチウム‐硫黄電池に対し、初期充電及び放電性能を評価した。
前記実施例1ないし6及び比較例1によって製造されたリチウム‐硫黄電池に対して、充/放電サイクルを繰り返して電池の寿命特性を評価した。
Claims (10)
- リチウム塩及び有機溶媒を含むリチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液において、
前記有機溶媒は、
第1溶媒、第2溶媒、及び第3溶媒を含み、
前記第1溶媒はシアノ基(‐CN)を含む下記化学式1または化学式2で表される化合物;2つ以上の酸素原子を含む線形エーテル;または環形エーテル;を含み、
前記第2溶媒はフッ素化されたエーテル系溶媒を含み、
前記第3溶媒は下記化学式3で表されるエーテル系非溶媒を含む、リチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液。
[化1]
R1‐CN
[化2]
NC‐R2‐CN
(ただし、前記化学式1において、R1はC1ないしC10のアルキル基で、前記化学式2において、R2はC1ないしC10のアルキレン基である)
[化3]
R3‐O‐R4
(ただし、前記化学式3において、R3及びR4は互いに同一であるか異なって、それぞれ独立的に、メチル基、エチル基、n‐プロピル基、iso‐プロピル基、n‐ブチル基、iso‐ブチル基、sec‐ブチル基またはtert‐ブチル基である) - 前記第1溶媒は、アセトニトリル、スクシノニトリル、ピメロニトリル、グルタロニトリル、アジポニトリル、1,2‐ジメトキシエタン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールエチルメチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、2‐メチル‐テトラヒドロフラン、1,3‐ジオキサン及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されたことを含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液。
- 前記第2溶媒は、1,1,2,2‐テトラフルオロエチル‐2,2,3,3‐テトラフルオロプロピルエーテル、1H,1H,2’H,3H‐デカフルオロジプロピルエーテル、ジフルオロメチル2,2,2‐トリフルオロエチルエーテル、1,2,2,2‐テトラフルオロエチルトリフルオロメチルエーテル、1,1,2,3,3,3‐ヘキサフルオロプロピルジフルオロメチルエーテル、1H,1H,2’H,3H‐デカフルオロジプロピルエーテル、ペンタフルオロエチル2,2,2‐トリフルオロエチルエーテル、1H,1H,2’H‐パーフルオロジプロピルエーテル、ビス(2,2,2‐トリフルオロエチル)エーテル、1,1,2,2‐テトラフルオロエチル2,2,2‐トリフルオロエチルエーテル及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されたことを含む、請求項1又は2に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液。
- 前記第3溶媒は、ジイソプロピルエーテル、エチルtert‐ブチルエーテル、ジブチルエーテル、ジイソブチルエーテル、ジプロピルエーテル及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されたことを含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液。
- 前記有機溶媒は有機溶媒100体積比対比
15体積比ないし45体積比の第1溶媒を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液。 - 前記有機溶媒は有機溶媒100体積比対比
10体積比ないし60体積比の第3溶媒を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液。 - 前記有機溶媒は有機溶媒100体積比対比
25体積比ないし45体積比の第3溶媒を含む、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液。 - 前記有機溶媒は第2溶媒100体積比対比
25体積比ないし350体積比の第3溶媒を含む、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液。 - 前記有機溶媒は第2溶媒100体積比対比
85体積比ないし115体積比の第3溶媒を含む、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用電解液。 - 正極;
負極;
前記正極と負極の間に介在された分離膜;及び
請求項1ないし請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の電解液;を含む、リチウム‐硫黄電池。
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