JP2022547734A - パルス電界アブレーション中の異所性心電図信号を検出するためのシステム、装置、及び方法 - Google Patents
パルス電界アブレーション中の異所性心電図信号を検出するためのシステム、装置、及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本明細書では、不可逆電気穿孔法をもたらす電圧パルス波形の選択的且つ高速な印加による組織アブレーションに関連する異所性心臓活動を監視するために構成されたシステム及び装置が開示されている。一般に、ここで説明される組織をアブレーションするシステムは、ペーシング装置によって心臓に送達されるペーシング信号を発生させるための心臓刺激装置を備える。本システムは、異所性拍動の特定したり、心臓のペーシング捕捉を確認したりするために、電気的心臓活動を更に測定する。検出されたペーシング信号及び/又は検出された心臓活動は、1つ以上の電極を有するアブレーション装置に対して、信号発生器によって発生されたパルス波形を送達することを制御するために使用され得る。本明細書で説明されるように、本システム及び装置は、例えば心房細動などの心臓の病気を治療するために心外膜及び/又は心内膜に配備される。アノード及びカソードの電極の選択において独立にサブセットを選択できる状態で、電圧が電極の選択されたサブセットに印加される。
本明細書ではまた、上記のシステム及び装置を使用して心臓腔で実行される組織アブレーションプロセス中に異所性心臓活動を検出するための方法が説明される。心臓腔は、左心房腔であってもよく、その対応する肺静脈を含んでもよい。一般に、ここで説明する方法は、1つ以上の心臓腔に接触してペーシング装置(例えば、ペーシング装置(130)、ペーシング装置(210))を導入し、配置することを含む。ペーシング装置は、心臓活動を測定し、心臓刺激装置又は他のプロセッサ(例えば、心臓刺激装置(128)、制御部(908)、プロセッサ(1013))を使用して心臓にペーシング信号を送達し得る。測定された信号は、例えば本明細書で説明されるプロセッサ及び制御部によって、組織アブレーションを妨げ得るペーシング捕捉及び/又は異所性心臓活動を検出するために処理及び解析され得る。アブレーション装置(例えば、アブレーション装置(110)、アブレーション装置(220))は、1つ以上の肺静脈口又は腔領域と接触して導入され、配置され得る。パルス波形は、組織をアブレーションするためにアブレーション装置の1つ以上の電極(例えば、電極(112)、電極(222、224))によって送達され得る。いくつかの実施形態では、自律的に発生した異所性心臓活動の検出は、アブレーションエネルギー送達を迅速に中断させ、それにより不整脈(例えば、細動)を誘発するリスクを低減し得る。更に、(例えば、ペーシング装置(例えば、ペーシング装置(130)、ペーシング装置(210))によって送達される)心臓ペーシング信号は、送達されたパルス波の波形を心周期に同期させ得る。(例えば、不応期中に)ペーシング刺激に対してアブレーションエネルギーの送達を同期させることにより、細動などの不整脈を誘発するリスクを更に低減させ得る。
A1=(M1 1+M1 2+...M1 5)/5
A2=(M2 1+M2 2+...M2 5)/5
モーメントの平均値Anと所与のモーメントnのi番目の時間周期(例えば、5つの時間周期、i=1,2,...,5)のモーメント値との間の正規化された差が計算される。最初の3つのモーメント(n=1,2,3)について、次の一連の式がこの正規化された差を提供する。
Ti=|A1-M1 i|/A1
Ui=|A2-M2 i|/A2
ここで、Si、Ti、及びUiの値は、A0、A1、又はA2のうち対応する1つがゼロであるときに、ゼロに設定される。
Claims (44)
- パルス波を発生させて、前記パルス波をペーシングパルスのセットと同期させてアブレーション装置に送達するように構成された第1の制御部と、
第2の制御部であって、
ペーシングパルスの前記セットを発生させて、心臓の心臓刺激のためのペーシング装置にペーシングパルスの前記セットを送達し、
前記心臓の心臓信号データを受信し、
前記心臓信号データに基づいて前記心臓のペーシング捕捉を確認し、
前記心臓信号データに対応する周波数成分を解析することによって、前記心臓の異所性活動を監視し、
前記確認及び前記監視に基づいて、信号のセットを発生させて前記第1の制御部に送信するように構成された前記第2の制御部と
を備える、システム。 - 前記第2の制御部は、
ペーシングパルスの前記セットからの各ペーシングパルスの送達に続いて、前記心臓信号データのスライディングウィンドウを抽出することと、
前記スライディングウィンドウの周波数成分を取得するために前記スライディングウィンドウの離散フーリエ変換を実行することと、
前記スライディングウィンドウの前記周波数成分における周波数のサブレンジにわたってピーク周波数を特定することと、
前記ピーク周波数の解析に基づいて異所性活動があるか否かを判定することと
によって異所性活動を監視するように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記第2の制御部は、各スライディングウィンドウについて、
前記スライディングウィンドウの前記周波数成分のナイキスト周波数までの周波数の最大振幅に対する該スライディングウィンドウにおける前記ピーク周波数の振幅の比を計算することと、
前記比が閾値よりも大きいか否かを判定することと、
によって異所性活動があるか否かを判定するように構成される、請求項2に記載のシステム。 - 前記第2の制御部は、
ペーシングパルスの前記セットからの連続するペーシングパルスのサブセットの送達に続いて、前記心臓信号データの部分を抽出することと、
各抽出部分について、前記抽出部分に対応する関数のモーメントのセットを計算することと、
各抽出部分について計算されたモーメントの前記セットに少なくとも基づいて、ペーシングパルスの前記セットのペーシング捕捉を確認することと、
によってペーシング捕捉を確認するように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記心臓信号データの各抽出部分は、連続するペーシングパルスの前記サブセットからのペーシングパルスの立ち上がりに続く所定の時間間隔内の心臓信号データを含む、請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 前記心臓の心臓刺激のための電極の第1のセットと、前記心臓信号データを捕捉するための電極の第2のセットとを含む前記ペーシング装置を更に備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記パルス波を受信したことに応じて心臓組織をアブレーションするためにパルス電界を発生させるための電極のセットを含むアブレーション装置を更に備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 信号の前記セットは、ペーシング捕捉を示す信号を含み、
前記第2の制御部は、ペーシング捕捉を確認したことに応じてペーシング捕捉を示す前記信号を発生させて送信するように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 信号の前記セットは、異所性活動を示す信号を含み、
前記第2の制御部は、前記監視に基づいて異所性活動を検出したことに応じて異所性活動を示す前記信号を発生させて送信するように構成される、請求項8に記載のシステム。 - メモリと、
前記メモリに動作可能に接続されたプロセッサと
を備える装置であって、前記プロセッサは、
心臓への連続するペーシングパルスのセットの送達に続いて、心臓信号データの部分を抽出し、
各抽出部分について、各抽出部分に対応する関数のモーメントのセットを計算し、
各抽出部分について計算されたモーメントの前記セットに少なくとも基づいて、前記心臓のペーシング捕捉を確認し、
ペーシング捕捉を確認したことに応じて、ペーシング捕捉を示す信号を発生して、心臓アブレーションのためにパルス波を発生させるように構成された信号発生器に送信して、前記信号発生器が、前記信号を受信したことに応じて前記パルス波を発生させるように作動されるように構成される、
装置。 - 前記心臓信号データの各抽出部分は、連続するペーシングパルスのサブセットからのペーシングパルスの立ち上がりに続く所定の時間間隔内の心臓信号データを含む、請求項10に記載の装置。
- 前記所定の時間間隔は、約5ミリ秒~約50ミリ秒である、請求項11に記載の装置。
- 前記プロセッサは、
モーメントの前記セットからの各モーメントについて、前記抽出部分について計算された前記モーメントの値を平均することによって、該モーメントの平均値を計算することと、
モーメントの前記セットからの各モーメントについて、前記モーメントの前記平均値と各抽出部分について計算された前記モーメントの前記値との間の正規化された差を計算することと、
モーメントの前記セットからの各モーメントについて計算された前記正規化された差に基づいてペーシング捕捉を確認することと、によってペーシング捕捉を確認するように構成される、請求項10に記載の装置。 - 前記プロセッサは、
モーメントの前記セットのそれぞれの平均値を計算することと、
モーメントの前記セットのそれぞれの前記平均値と、前記抽出部分について計算された前記モーメントの値との間の正規化された差を計算することと、
各正規化された差がそれぞれの所定の閾値未満であるときを判定することと、によってペーシング捕捉を確認するように構成される、請求項10に記載の装置。 - 前記プロセッサは、
前記心臓の異所性活動を検出するために前記心臓信号データの局所的なピーク周波数を解析し、且つ
異所性活動を検出したことに応じて、異所性活動を示す信号を発生させて前記信号発生器に送信して、前記信号発生器が、異所性活動を示す前記信号を受信したことに応じて、前記パルス波を発生させることを停止するように更に構成される、請求項10に記載の装置。 - 前記プロセッサは、
前記心臓信号データのスライディングウィンドウを抽出することと、
抽出された前記スライディングウィンドウの離散フーリエ変換を実行して、抽出された前記スライディングウィンドウのフィルタリングされた周波数出力を生成するために、結果として得られた離散フーリエ変換にフィルタリングを施すことと、
フィルタリングされた前記周波数出力における前記局所的なピーク周波数を特定することと、
フィルタリングされた前記周波数出力における前記ピーク周波数の値に少なくとも基づいて、異所性活動を検出することと、
によって異所性活動を検出するために前記心臓信号データの前記局所的なピーク周波数を解析するように構成される、請求項15に記載の装置。 - メモリと、
前記メモリに動作可能に接続されたプロセッサと、
を備える装置であって、前記プロセッサは、
心臓の心臓信号データのスライディングウィンドウを抽出し、
周波数の範囲にわたって前記心臓信号データの周波数成分を取得するために前記スライディングウィンドウの変換を実行し、
前記周波数の範囲のサブレンジにわたるピーク周波数であって、周波数の前記サブレンジにおける残りの周波数の値よりも大きい値を有する前記ピーク周波数を特定し、
前記周波数の範囲にわたる最大値に対する前記ピーク周波数の前記値の相対的な尺度と所定の値との間の比較に基づいて、前記心臓の異所性活動を検出し、
異所性活動を検出したことに応じて、異所性活動を示す信号を発生させて、心臓アブレーションのためにパルス波を発生させるように構成された信号発生器に送信して、前記信号発生器が、前記信号を受信したことに応じて前記パルス波の発生を中断するように構成される、
装置。 - 前記変換は離散フーリエ変換である、請求項17に記載の装置。
- 前記プロセッサは、
前記最大値に対する前記ピーク周波数の値の比を計算することと、
前記比が前記所定の値よりも大きいと判定することと、
によって異所性活動を検出するように構成される、請求項17に記載の装置。 - 前記所定の値は、約0.01~約0.25である、請求項19に記載の装置。
- 前記所定の値は、約0.01~約0.15である、請求項19に記載の装置。
- 前記プロセッサは、ユーザインターフェースに動作可能に接続されており、前記所定の値は、前記ユーザインターフェースを介してユーザによって設定される、請求項17に記載の装置。
- メモリと、
前記メモリに動作可能に接続されたプロセッサと、
を備える装置であって、前記プロセッサは、
電極のセットによって捕捉された心臓信号データを受信し、
前記心臓信号データのスライディングウィンドウを抽出し、
前記抽出されたスライディングウィンドウからのデータを処理し、
前記抽出されたスライディングウィンドウからの前記処理されたデータに関連する周波数のサブレンジにわたるピーク周波数を、
前記抽出されたスライディングウィンドウからの前記処理されたデータの離散フーリエ変換を実行することと、
フィルタリングされたフーリエ変換データを生成するために、前記処理されたデータの前記離散フーリエ変換をフィルタリングすることと、
前記フィルタリングされたフーリエ変換データから、前記フィルタリングされたフーリエ変換データにおいて周波数の前記サブレンジにおける残りの周波数の振幅よりも大きい振幅を有する周波数の前記サブレンジにわたる前記周波数として前記ピーク周波数を特定することと、
によって特定し、
周波数の前記サブレンジにわたって前記ピーク周波数の尺度に少なくとも基づいて異所性活動を検出し、
異所性活動を検出したことに応じて、心臓アブレーションのためのパルス波を発生するように構成された信号発生器に異所性活動の表示を送信するように構成される、
装置。 - 前記プロセッサは、前記信号発生器が前記パルス波を発生させることを停止するようにするべく、前記信号発生器に異所性活動の前記表示を送信するように構成される、請求項23に記載の装置。
- 前記プロセッサは、前記心臓信号データを
前記心臓信号データを増幅してフィルタリングすることと、
前記心臓信号データをデジタル化することと、
によって処理し、且つ
前記メモリに、処理された前記心臓信号データをバッファリングする
ように更に構成されており、
前記プロセッサは、バッファリングされた前記心臓信号データから前記スライディングウィンドウを抽出するように構成される、請求項23に記載の装置。 - 前記プロセッサは、
前記周波数出力のナイキスト周波数までの周波数の最大振幅に対する周波数の前記サブレンジにわたる前記ピーク周波数の前記振幅の比を計算することと、
前記比が閾値よりも大きいか否かを判定することと、
前記比が前記閾値よりも大きいと判定したことに基づいて前記異所性活動を検出することと、
によって異所性活動を検出するように構成される、請求項23に記載の装置。 - 前記閾値が、約0.01~約0.25である、請求項26に記載の装置。
- 前記閾値が、約0.01~約0.25である、請求項26に記載の装置。
- 前記閾値が、約0.01~約0.15である、請求項26に記載の装置。
- 前記プロセッサは、ユーザインターフェースに動作可能に接続されており、前記閾値は、前記ユーザインターフェースを介してユーザによって設定される、請求項26に記載の装置。
- メモリと、
前記メモリに動作可能に接続されたプロセッサと、
を備える装置であって、前記プロセッサは、
電極のセットによって捕捉された心臓信号データを受信し、
前記心臓信号データを、
前記心臓信号データを増幅してフィルタリングすることと、
前記心臓信号データをデジタル化することと
によって処理し、
前記メモリに、処理された前記心臓信号データをバッファリングし、
心臓組織へのペーシングパルスのセットの送達の指示を受信し、
ペーシングパルスの前記セットからの連続するペーシングパルスのサブセットの送達に続いて、バッファリングされた前記心臓信号データから前記心臓信号データの部分を抽出し、前記心臓信号データの各抽出部分は、連続するペーシングパルスの前記サブセットからのペーシングパルスの立ち上がりに続く所定の時間間隔内の心臓信号データを含んでおり、
各抽出部分について、前記抽出部分に対応する関数のモーメントのセットを計算し、
各抽出部分について計算されたモーメントの前記セットに少なくとも基づいてペーシングパルスの、前記セットのペーシング捕捉を確認し、
ペーシング捕捉を確認したことに応じて、心臓アブレーションのためにパルス波を発生させるように構成された信号発生器にペーシング捕捉の指示を送信して、前記信号発生器が前記パルス波を発生するように作動させるように構成される、
装置。 - 前記所定の時間間隔は、約5ミリ秒~約50ミリ秒である、請求項31に記載の装置。
- 前記プロセッサは、
モーメントの前記セットからの各モーメントについて、前記抽出部分について計算された前記モーメントの値を平均することによって、該モーメントの平均値を計算することと、
モーメントの前記セットからの各モーメントについて、前記モーメントの前記平均値と各抽出部分について計算された前記モーメントの前記値との間の正規化された差を計算することと、
モーメントの前記セットからの各モーメントについて計算された前記正規化された差に基づいてペーシング捕捉を確認することと、
によってペーシング捕捉を確認するように構成される、請求項31に記載の装置。 - 前記プロセッサが、
モーメントの前記セットのそれぞれの平均値を計算することと、
モーメントの前記セットのそれぞれの前記平均値と、前記抽出部分について計算された前記モーメントの前記値との正規化された差を計算することと、
各正規化された差がそれぞれの所定の閾値未満であるときを判定することと
によってペーシング捕捉を確認するように構成される、請求項31に記載の装置。 - 前記プロセッサが、
異所性活動を検出するために前記心臓信号データの局所的なピーク周波数を解析し、
異所性活動を検出したことに応じて、前記信号発生器に異所性活動の表示を送信して、前記信号発生器が前記パルス波を発生させることを停止されるように更に構成される、請求項31に記載の装置。 - 前記プロセッサが、
前記心臓信号データのスライディングウィンドウを抽出することと、
抽出された前記スライディングウィンドウの離散フーリエ変換を実行し、且つ抽出された前記スライディングウィンドウのフィルタリングされた周波数出力を生成するために、結果として得られた離散フーリエ変換にフィルタリングを施すことと、
フィルタリングされた前記周波数出力における前記局所的なピーク周波数を特定することと、
フィルタリングされた前記周波数出力における前記ピーク周波数の振幅に少なくとも基づいて、異所性活動を検出することと
によって前記心臓信号データの前記局所的なピーク周波数を解析して異所性活動を検出するように構成される、請求項35に記載の装置。 - パルス波を発生させて、前記パルス波をペーシングパルスのセットと同期させてアブレーション装置に送達するように構成された第1の制御部と、
前記第1の制御部に動作可能に接続された第2の制御部であって、
ペーシングパルスの前記セットを発生させて、ペーシング装置にペーシングパルスの前記セットを送達し、
電極のセットによって捕捉された心臓信号データを受信し、
前記心臓信号データに基づいてペーシングパルスの前記セットのペーシング捕捉を確認し、
ペーシング捕捉を確認したことに応じて、前記パルス波の発生を作動させるために前記第1の制御部にペーシング捕捉の指示を送信するように構成された、前記第2の制御部と、
を備える、システム。 - 前記ペーシング装置が、心臓腔をペーシングするための一対の電極と、前記心臓信号データを捕捉するための前記電極のセットとを備える、請求項37に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1の制御部がペーシングパルスの前記セットに同期させて前記パルス波を送信し得るように、前記第2の制御部が、前記第1の制御部にペーシングパルスの前記セットの指示を送信するように更に構成される、請求項37に記載のシステム。
- 前記第2の制御部が、
ペーシングパルスの前記セットからの連続するペーシングパルスのサブセットの送達に続いて、前記心臓信号データの部分を抽出することと、
各抽出部分について、前記抽出部分に関連する関数のモーメントのセットを計算することと、
各抽出部分について計算されたモーメントの前記セットに少なくとも基づいて、ペーシングパルスの前記セットのペーシング捕捉を確認することと
によってペーシング捕捉を確認するように構成される、請求項37に記載のシステム。 - 前記心臓信号データの各抽出部分が、連続するペーシングパルスの前記サブセットからのペーシングパルスの立ち上がりに続く所定の時間間隔内の心臓信号データを含む、請求項40に記載のシステム。
- 前記第2の制御部が、
異所性活動について前記心臓信号データを監視し、
異所性活動が存在する場合、前記パルス波の発生を停止させるために前記第1の制御部に異所性活動の表示を送信するように更に構成される、請求項37に記載のシステム。 - 前記第2の制御部が、
ペーシングパルスの前記セットからの各ペーシングパルスの送達に続いて、前記心臓信号データのスライディングウィンドウを抽出することと、
抽出された前記スライディングウィンドウの離散フーリエ変換を実行し、且つ抽出された前記スライディングウィンドウのフィルタリングされた周波数出力を生成するために、結果として得られた離散フーリエ変換にフィルタリングを施すことと、
フィルタリングされた前記周波数出力における周波数のサブレンジにわたるピーク周波数を解析することと、によって異所性活動について監視するように構成される、請求項42に記載のシステム。 - 前記第2の制御部は、ユーザインターフェースに動作可能に接続されており、前記第2の制御部は、異所性活動が存在する場合、異所性活動が存在することを示すアラートを前記ユーザインターフェースに表示させるように更に構成されている、請求項42に記載のシステム。
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