JP2022542813A - リチウムイオン電池の正極材料及びその製造方法、リチウムイオン電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン電池の正極材料及びその製造方法、リチウムイオン電池 Download PDFInfo
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001279 Dy alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001257 Nb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000542 Sc alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-ethoxycarbonylcarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC(=O)OCC PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide monohydrate Substances [Li+].O.[OH-] GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940040692 lithium hydroxide monohydrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910006025 NiCoMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003074 TiCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021652 non-ferrous alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003836 solid-state method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Abstract
Description
<比較例1>
<比較例2>
<試験例>
(1)SEM試験
(2)比表面積試験
(3)マルバーン粒度試験
(4)電池の製造及び電気化学的性能の試験
Claims (18)
- 三元材料粒子を含むリチウムイオン電池の正極材料であって、前記三元材料粒子は球形構造を有し、前記球形構造は花弁状のラメラユニットを含み、
前記花弁状のラメラユニットは、
前記花弁状のラメラユニットのラメラの厚さが150~300nmである条件と、
ラメラの厚さ方向に垂直な表面の面積が60000~300000nm2である条件とのうち少なくとも1つを満たす、正極材料。 - 前記三元材料粒子のD10は2000~2300nmである条件と、
前記三元材料粒子のD90は5000~6000nmである条件と、
前記三元材料粒子のD50は3000~4000nmである条件と、
前記三元材料粒子の比表面積は50000~70000cm2/gである条件と
のうち少なくとも1つを満たす、請求項1に記載の正極材料。 - 前記三元材料粒子は、三元活性成分と、成形剤とを含み、
前記三元活性成分は、化学式がLiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2であり、
1/3<x<0.9、かつ、0.08<y<0.4を満たす物質を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の正極材料。 - 前記成形剤は、融点が650~750℃の合金を含み、
前記合金はリチウムイオン電池の正極材料の前駆体と共晶することはなく、1000℃以下で揮発性でない、請求項3に記載の正極材料。 - 前記合金は、モリブデン合金、タングステン合金、スカンジウム合金、ニオブ合金及びジスプロシウム合金のうちの1種又は複数種である、請求項4に記載の正極材料。
- 前記三元材料粒子の総重量を基準として、前記三元活性成分の含有量は98.5~99.5重量%であり、前記成形剤の含有量は0.5~1.5重量%である、請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載の正極材料。
- リチウムイオン電池の正極材料を製造する方法であって、
リチウムイオン電池の正極材料の前駆体、リチウム源及び成形剤を混合し、焼成処理を行って、正極材料を得るステップを含み、
正極材料は、花弁状のラメラユニットを含む球形構造を有する三元材料粒子を含み、
前記花弁状のラメラユニットは、
前記花弁状のラメラユニットのラメラの厚さが150~300nmである条件と、
ラメラの厚さ方向に垂直な表面の面積が60000~300000nm2である条件とのうち少なくとも1つを満たす、方法。 - 純酸素雰囲気で、温度が880~940℃の条件下で、前記焼成処理を14~18時間行う、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記成形剤は、融点が650~750℃の合金を含み、
前記合金は、リチウムイオン電池の正極材料の前駆体と共晶することはなく、1000℃以下で揮発性でない、請求項7又は8に記載の方法。 - 前記合金は、モリブデン合金、タングステン合金、スカンジウム合金、ニオブ合金及びジスプロシウム合金のうちの1種又は複数種である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- スラリーを噴霧造粒し、150~180℃の条件下で6~10時間乾燥させて、前記リチウムイオン電池の正極材料の前駆体を得るステップをさらに含み、
前記スラリーは、Ni、Mn及びCoを含む、請求項7~10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記スラリーは、
Niイオンを含む溶液、Mnイオンを含む溶液、及びCoイオンを含む溶液を添加剤と混合して反応させて、前記スラリーを得るステップ(1)、又は、
前記Niイオンを含む溶液、前記Mnイオンを含む溶液、及び前記Coイオンを含む溶液を前記添加剤と混合して反応させ、さらにドープ溶液を添加して、前記スラリーを得るステップ(2)により調製され、
前記ドープ溶液は、Mgイオン及びTiイオンのうち少なくとも1つを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記スラリーのpH値は10~10.5である、請求項11又は12に記載の方法。
- 前記混合の温度は40~60℃であり、前記混合の時間は14~20時間である、請求項12又は13に記載の方法。
- 前記Niイオンを含む溶液、前記Mnイオンを含む溶液、及び前記Coイオンを含む溶液のそれぞれNi、Mn及びCoのモル比は1:(0.3~1):(0.3~1)である、請求項12~14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記添加剤は、アンモニア水を含む錯化剤と、水酸化カリウム及び水酸化ナトリウムのうち少なくとも1種を含む沈殿剤とを含む、請求項12~15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記リチウムイオン電池の正極材料の前駆体、前記リチウム源、及び前記成形剤のモル比が1:(1~1.15):(0.005~0.015)である条件と、
前記リチウム源が、水酸化リチウム一水和物、炭酸リチウム、硝酸リチウム及び酢酸リチウムのうちの1種又は複数種を含む条件と、
前記成形剤の粒径が50~500nmである条件と、
前記リチウムイオン電池の正極材料の前駆体の粒径が3000~4000nmである条件とのうち少なくとも1つを満たす、請求項7~16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン電池の正極材料を含む、リチウムイオン電池。
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