JP2022536217A - 炭化物由来炭素の生成における、金属又は半金属ハロゲン化物の高温ガス状流の冷却/急冷方法 - Google Patents
炭化物由来炭素の生成における、金属又は半金属ハロゲン化物の高温ガス状流の冷却/急冷方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
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- -1 metalloid halides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 15
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- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical group C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 201000010276 collecting duct carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical group O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda4,2lambda4-dimolybdacyclopropa-1,2,3-triene Chemical compound [Mo]=C=[Mo] QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910039444 MoC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003902 SiCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003910 SiCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hcl hcl Chemical compound Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/002—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects, e.g. avoiding explosions, or improving the yield by suppressing side-reactions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F15/00—Other methods of preventing corrosion or incrustation
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Abstract
Description
MCx + y/2X2 → MXy + xC 式1
M(IV)Cl4 + 2H2O → MO2 + 4HCl 式2
しかし、これらの文書には、凝縮器内のガス状流による腐食を低減または回避するために、CDC生成、もしくは金属炭化物のハロゲン化(例えば塩素化)に関わるガス状流をどのように処理するかについては記載されていない。
・ガス状流からの金属又は半金属ハロゲン化物のための凝縮器内の腐食低減
・金属又は半金属ハロゲン化物を主成分とする凝縮物中の腐食汚染物質の低減
・構造物の特殊材料の低減又は除去
・金属又は半金属ハロゲン化物ガス状流の高純度保持
・金属又は半金属ハロゲン化物のタンク103(例えば四塩化ケイ素(STC)タンク(供給源))
・反応器101から供給流弁105を介して、液体金属又は半金属ハロゲン化物の流れをガス状流出口へ導くための、金属又は半金属ハロゲン化物タンク103に接続されている金属又は半金属ハロゲン化物ポンプ(好適にはギアポンプ)104。液体金属又は半金属ハロゲン化物の流れは、流れが凝縮器102に入る前に、前記ガス状流に導入される。
・配管及び弁
配管及び弁は、供給流弁105と、圧力リリーフ弁106と、戻り流弁107とを備え、そして反応器101からのガス状流に液体金属又は半金属ハロゲン化物を供給するための配管を備える。温度の制御は、ポンプ104の吐出で供給流弁105の開口部を操作することにより行われ、これは、冷却/急冷セクションの後、温度センサで制御される空気圧弁により行うことができるので、流量や温度の変化又は攪乱にも対応することができる。もしくは、よりシンプルな小型ユニットでは、手動弁が装備されている場合は手動で行うことができる。
図2(a)の一例では、1kg/時間の高温流量と1kg/時間の低温流量の混合(すなわち高温流量と低温流量の混合比は1:1)について説明しており、図2(b)の一例では、1kg/時間の高温流量と2kg/時間の低温流量の混合(すなわち高温流量と低温流量の混合比は1:2)について説明している。
(ウェブドキュメント: https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C10026047&Mask=4 2018年8月2日にアクセス)
Claims (6)
- CDC生成における凝縮器の腐食を低減するための方法であって、
前記方法は、ガス状流の金属又は半金属ハロゲン化物を、300℃を超える温度範囲で熱交換器を利用せずに、前記凝縮器の手前で前記ガス状流を液体冷却剤と直接接触させることにより前記金属又は半金属ハロゲン化物の前記ガス状流の純度を一定に保ちながら冷却/急冷するステップによるものであることを特徴とする方法。 - 前記金属又は半金属ハロゲン化物の前記ガス状流の温度の低下は、前記凝縮器の入口の前で行われ、
前記冷却剤を直接前記ガス(状)流に接触させることにより、前記凝縮器に入る前記ガス状流の温度が低下することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記冷却剤は、前記ガス状流から凝縮された前記金属又は半金属ハロゲン化物と同じ化学組成の液体金属又は半金属ハロゲン化物であることを特徴とする、請求項2記載の方法。
- 金属又は半金属炭化物から非炭素原子を抽出し、炭素を生成するための装置であって、
前記装置は、炭化物―炭素変換のための反応器(101)と、生成された前記金属又は半金属塩化物を収集するための凝縮器(102)とを備え、
前記装置は、液体冷却剤のタンク(103)と、前記タンクに接続している供給用のポンプ(104)と、供給流弁(105)と、戻り流弁(107)と、供給用の前記ポンプ(104)に接続している圧力リリーフ弁(106)とを含む冷却ユニットを更に備え、
前記凝縮器(102)に流入するガス(状)流の温度は、供給用の前記ポンプ(104)によって、前記液体冷却剤のタンク(103)から前記供給流弁(105)を介して、前記反応器(101)の出口で前記ガス状流に導入される液体金属又は半金属ハロゲン化物の気化によって吸収される熱により低下することを特徴とする、装置。 - 前記凝縮器(102)へ流入する前記金属又は半金属ハロゲン化物の前記ガス状流の流量は、前記供給流弁(105)によって、前記ポンプの吐出に対して前記供給流弁の開口部を操作することにより制御され、
前記供給流弁(105)の開口部は、冷却/急冷セクションの後に続く、温度センサ(108)によって制御され、
第2段階では、前記凝縮器に流入する前記ガス状流の流量は、前記戻り弁(107)によって制御可能であることを特徴とする、請求項5記載の装置。 - 前記冷却ユニットの安全性は、供給用の前記ポンプ(104)に接続している前記圧力リリーフ弁(106)によって制御され、
前記パイプの圧力が所定の値を超える場合は、前記圧力リリーフ弁(106)を開くことによって、前記冷却剤は前記タンクへ向けられることを特徴とする、請求項4記載の装置。
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US2446181A (en) * | 1946-04-03 | 1948-08-03 | Du Pont | Process for condensing vaporized metal halides |
GB679537A (en) | 1948-05-24 | 1952-09-17 | Du Pont | Improvements in or relating to the condensation of vaporised halides |
GB803432A (en) | 1955-09-16 | 1958-10-22 | Du Pont | Improvements in methods of condensing metal halide vapors |
US2718279A (en) * | 1952-12-18 | 1955-09-20 | Du Pont | Process for condensing vaporized metal halides |
GB783534A (en) | 1954-08-06 | 1957-09-25 | British Titan Products | Improvements in or relating to the separation of metallic halides |
US2870869A (en) * | 1957-04-18 | 1959-01-27 | New Jersey Zinc Co | Recovery of titanium tetrachloride |
WO2005118471A1 (en) * | 2004-06-01 | 2005-12-15 | Tartu Tehnoloogiad OÜ | A method of making the porous carbon material and porous carbon materials produced by the method |
US20120219488A1 (en) * | 2011-02-28 | 2012-08-30 | Y-Carbon, Inc. | Continuous manufacture of carbide derived carbons |
CN102786043A (zh) * | 2012-07-04 | 2012-11-21 | 燕山大学 | 一种调控碳化物衍生碳孔结构的方法 |
CN107093527B (zh) * | 2017-04-14 | 2019-02-22 | 燕山大学 | 一种提高碳化物衍生碳超级电容性能的方法 |
CN206881720U (zh) * | 2017-06-05 | 2018-01-16 | 西南交通大学 | 一种用于金属碳化物的氯化反应装置 |
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