JP2022519109A - エチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
エチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022519109A JP2022519109A JP2021544835A JP2021544835A JP2022519109A JP 2022519109 A JP2022519109 A JP 2022519109A JP 2021544835 A JP2021544835 A JP 2021544835A JP 2021544835 A JP2021544835 A JP 2021544835A JP 2022519109 A JP2022519109 A JP 2022519109A
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- ethylene
- olefin copolymer
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
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- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- PWOZXQOZUNMWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(tripentoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCO[Si](OCCCCC)(OCCCCC)C=C PWOZXQOZUNMWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEHYCIQPPPQNMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triphenoxy)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1O[Si](OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=C)OC1=CC=CC=C1 FEHYCIQPPPQNMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNBRCHPBPDRPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(tripropoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)C=C NNBRCHPBPDRPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MABAWBWRUSBLKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-tri(propan-2-yloxy)silane Chemical compound CC(C)O[Si](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)C=C MABAWBWRUSBLKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
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- XCOASYLMDUQBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCNCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC XCOASYLMDUQBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QGFMQZCGUPDJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]oxymethyl]aniline Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OCNC1=CC=CC=C1 QGFMQZCGUPDJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEILXOXGOYWBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[[methoxy(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]aniline Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)OCNC1=CC=CC=C1 BJEILXOXGOYWBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940078552 o-xylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SRSFOMHQIATOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoyl octaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCC SRSFOMHQIATOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVYJZMJPHSXEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCO.CCCCCO KVYJZMJPHSXEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIDQBQWONMVCHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)CC.CCC(O)CC RIDQBQWONMVCHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007539 photo-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROEHNQZQCCPZCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-tert-butylperoxycarbonylbenzoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC(C)(C)C ROEHNQZQCCPZCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical class CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride Natural products C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGCFZHOZKKQIBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(ethenyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)C=C SGCFZHOZKKQIBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010507 β-hydride elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明の目的は、前記エチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体を含む封止材フィルム用組成物を提供することにある。
また、本発明の目的は、前記封止材フィルムを含む太陽電池モジュールを提供することにある。
(a)190℃、0.1~500rad/sせん断速度の条件における応力緩和時間(Characteristic Relaxation Time、λ)は10.0ms(millisecond)未満であり、
(b)重量平均分子量は40,000~150,000g/molであり、および
(c)分子量分布は1.5~2.5である。
また、本発明は、前記封止材フィルム用組成物を含む封止材フィルムを提供する。
また、本発明は、前記封止材フィルムを含む太陽電池モジュールを提供する。
本発明の説明および特許請求の範囲で用いられた用語や単語は、通常的もしくは辞書的な意味に限定して解釈してはならず、発明者らは、自分の発明を最善の方法で説明するために、用語の概念を適切に定義することができるという原則に則って、本発明の技術的思想に合致する意味と概念で解釈すべきである。
本発明のエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体は、下記(a)~(c)の条件を満たすことを特徴とする。
(a)190℃、0.1~500rad/sせん断速度の条件における応力緩和時間(Characteristic Relaxation Time、λ)は10.0ms(ミリ秒、millisecond)未満であり、
(b)重量平均分子量は40,000~150,000g/molであり、および
(c)分子量分布は1.5~2.5である。
前記重量平均分子量(Mw)および数平均分子量(Mn)は、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィ(GPC;gel permeation chromatography)により分析されるポリスチレン換算分子量であり、前記分子量分布は、Mw/Mnの比から計算することができる。
例えば、分子量分布が狭いとしても共重合体に分岐状構造が複数含まれている場合、共重合体の応力緩和時間は長くなり、このような構造的特徴は、共重合体内の自由体積が大きいということを示すため、体積抵抗を低下させる要因となる。また、直線性が高いため、応力緩和時間が短い共重合体であるとしても、広い分子量分布を示すのであれば、低分子量領域を多く含むしかなく、低分子量領域での高い帯電性により体積抵抗が低くなるのである。
また、前記エチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体において、前記α-オレフィンの含量は、前記物性的要件を満たす範囲内で適切に選択されてもよく、具体的には、0モル%超、99モル%以下、または10~50モル%であってもよいが、これらに制限されない。
本発明のエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体の製造方法は、(S1)エチレンおよびα-オレフィン単量体の重合生成物を準備するステップと、(S2)前記重合生成物を有機溶媒に溶解するステップと、(S3)炭素数2~5のアルコールと混合して沈殿物を形成するステップと、を含むことを特徴とする。
前記ステップ(S1)は、エチレンおよびα-オレフィン単量体の重合生成物を準備するステップである。
前記ステップ(S2)は、前記重合生成物を有機溶媒に溶解するステップであり、前記重合生成物に膨潤した状態で存在するかまたは固相として存在するエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体を溶解させるためのステップである。ステップ(S3)においてアルコール沈殿により低分子量分画を除去する効果を極大化するためには、溶液内に溶解されることができず膨潤しているかまたは固体状態であるエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体を溶解させて鎖を解くステップが先に行われなければならないためである。
前記ステップ(S3)は、炭素数2~5のアルコールと混合して沈殿物を形成するステップであり、溶解されたエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体中の低分子量分画を除去し、高分子量分画を沈殿物として得るためのものである。
本発明のエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体は、追加の物質を含めて樹脂組成物として製造されてもよく、前記樹脂組成物は、射出、押出などの方法により成形して多様な成形品として活用されてもよい。具体的に、多様な光電子装置(optoelectronic device)において素子をカプセル化する封止材(encapsulant)として用いられてもよく、例えば、昇温ラミネーション工程などに適用される産業用材料として用いられてもよいが、用途がこれらに制限されるものではない。
具体的に、前記封止材フィルム用組成物は、前述したエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体の他にも、公知の架橋剤、架橋助剤、シランカップリング剤などを含むことができる。
前記シランカップリング剤としては、N-(β-アミノエチル)-γ-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-(β-アミノエチル)-γ-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、γ-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、およびγ-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(MEMO)からなる群から選択される1種以上を用いてもよい。
前記不飽和シラン化合物は、ラジカル開始剤などの存在下で、本発明のエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体の単量体の重合単位を含む主鎖にグラフト(grafting)され、シラン変性樹脂組成物またはアミノシラン変性樹脂組成物に重合された形態で含まれてもよい。
また、前記封止材フィルム用組成物は、必要に応じて、光安定剤、UV吸収剤、および熱安定剤などから選択される1種以上の添加剤をさらに含むことができる。
また、本発明は、前記封止材フィルム用組成物を含む封止材フィルムを提供する。
また、本発明は、前記封止材フィルムを含む太陽電池モジュールを提供する。本発明において、太陽電池モジュールは、直列または並列に配置された太陽電池セルを前記本発明の封止材フィルムで間隔を埋め、太陽光が当たる面にはガラス面が配置され、裏面はバックシートで保護する構成を有してもよいが、これに制限されるものではなく、当該技術分野において封止材フィルムを含ませて製造した太陽電池モジュールの多様な種類と形態はいずれも本発明に適用されることができる。
この他にも、本発明の太陽電池モジュールは、前述した封止材フィルムを含むことを除いては、当該技術分野で周知の方法により制限されずに製造することができる。
以下、実施例により本発明をより詳細に説明しようとする。但し、下記の実施例は、本発明を例示するためのものであって、これらのみに本発明の範囲が限定されるものではない。
(1)リガンド化合物の製造
<N-tert-ブチル-1-(1,2-ジメチル-3H-ベンゾ[b]シクロペンタ[d]チオフェン-3-イル)-1,1-ジメチルシランアミンの合成>
1.5Lの連続工程反応器にヘキサン溶媒を5.00kg/h、1-ブテンを1.30kg/hで投入しつつ120℃で予熱した。トリイソブチルアルミニウム(Tibal、Triisobutylaluminum、60μmol/min)、前記[化学式1]の遷移金属化合物(0.35μmol/min)、およびジメチルアニリニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート助触媒(1.05μmol/min)を同時に反応器に投入した。次いで、前記反応器内にエチレン(0.87kg/h)および水素ガス(20cc/min)を投入し、89barの圧力で連続工程で150℃で60分以上維持させて共重合反応を進行し共重合体を得た。その後、真空オーブンで12時間以上乾燥させて、エチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体を製造した。
重合条件を下記表1のように変更したことを除いては、製造例1と同様にエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体を製造した。
ステップ(S2)
前記製造例1のエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体20gとヘプタン400mLとを混合して組成物を製造した後、80℃で共重合体が完全に溶解されて肉眼上で透明になるまで撹拌した。
常温に温度を下げた後、撹拌中であったイソプロピルアルコール1.4Lに前記透明な組成物を滴加した。滴加完了後、液相部分を除去し、固相として沈殿した部分を分離した後、110℃で48時間真空乾燥した。
前記ステップ(S2)およびステップ(S3)をそれぞれ4回ずつ繰り返し交互に行って、エチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体を製造した。
エチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体の種類、ステップ(S2)およびステップ(S3)の実行回数を下記表2のように変更したことを除いては、実施例1と同様にエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体を製造した。
前記実施例および比較例で製造されたエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体に対し、下記方法により物性を評価して表3に示した。
TA社製のARES-G2レオメータを用いて、190℃、0.1~500rad/s角速度範囲で5%の歪み(Strain)で前記共重合体の角速度に応じた複素粘度を求め、応力緩和時間は、下記Carreau-Yasuda方程式にフィッティングして計算した。
η∞:無限粘度(infinite viscosity)
η0:ゼロ-せん断粘度(zero-shear viscosity)
λ:応力緩和時間(relaxation time)
γ:せん断速度(shear-rate)
α:物質定数(material constants)
n:せん断減粘指数(shear thinning index)
ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィ(GPC、Gel Permeation Chromatography)を用いて重量平均分子量(Mw)および数平均分子量(Mn)をそれぞれ測定し、重量平均分子量(Mw)を数平均分子量(Mn)で割って分子量分布を計算した。
-溶媒:TCB(トリクロロベンゼン(Trichlorobenzene))
-流速:1.0mL/min
-試料濃度:1.0mg/mL
-注入量:200μL
-カラム温度:160℃
-検出器(Detector):Agilent High Temperature RI detector
-標準(Standard):ポリスチレン(3次関数で補正)
ASTM D-792に準じて測定した。
(4)溶融指数(Melt Index、MI2.16、g/10min)
ASTM D-1238(条件E、190℃、2.16kg荷重)に準じて測定した。
前記エチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体6gを0.5Tの正方形の型に入れ、正面および後面を3Tの鋼板で覆った後、それを高温プレス機に投入した。190℃、25N/cm2(240秒)、6回の減圧/加圧脱ガス(degassing)、190℃、151N/cm2で240秒間連続して処理した後、分当たりに15℃下げながら30℃に冷却し、この際、圧力は151N/cm2に維持した。30℃、151N/cm2で300秒間維持させ、試片の製造を完了した。
このように製造した試片を対象に、下記方法により体積抵抗および光透過率を測定して示した。
23±1℃の温度と50±3%の湿度の条件でAgilent 4339B High-Resistance meter(アジレントテクノロジー株式会社製)を用いて、1000Vの電圧を600秒間加えて測定した。
550nmでの光透過率をShimadzu UV-3600分光光度計を用いて測定した。
-測定モード:transmittance
-波長間隔:1nm
-測定速度:medium
Claims (10)
- 下記(a)~(c)の条件を満たすエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体:
(a)190℃、0.1~500rad/sせん断速度の条件における応力緩和時間(Characteristic Relaxation Time、λ)は10.0ms(millisecond)未満であり、
(b)重量平均分子量は40,000~150,000g/molであり、および
(c)分子量分布は1.5~2.5である。 - 前記応力緩和時間は1.0~9.5msである、請求項1に記載のエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体。
- 前記重量平均分子量は41,000~130,000g/molである、請求項1または2に記載のエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体。
- 前記分子量分布は1.5~2.4である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体。
- 密度は0.850~0.910g/ccである、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体。
- 溶融指数(190℃、2.16kg荷重条件)は0.1~50g/10minである、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体。
- 前記α-オレフィンは、プロピレン、1-ブテン、1-ペンテン、4-メチル-1-ペンテン、1-ヘキセン、1-ヘプテン、1-オクテン、1-デセン、1-ウンデセン、1-ドデセン、1-テトラデセン、1-ヘキサデセン、および1-エイコセンからなる群から選択される1種以上を含む、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体。
- 下記(a)~(c)の条件を満たすエチレン/α-オレフィン共重合体を含む封止材フィルム:
(a)190℃、0.1~500rad/sせん断速度の条件における応力緩和時間(Characteristic Relaxation Time、λ)は10.0ms(millisecond)未満であり、
(b)重量平均分子量は40,000~150,000g/molであり、および
(c)分子量分布は1.5~2.5である。 - 架橋剤、架橋助剤、シランカップリング剤、不飽和シラン化合物、アミノシラン化合物、光安定剤、UV吸収剤、および熱安定剤からなる群から選択される1種以上をさらに含む、請求項8に記載の封止材フィルム。
- 請求項8または9に記載の封止材フィルムを含む太陽電池モジュール。
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