JP2022140711A - 幹細胞からの有益因子の産生および送達のための方法およびデバイス - Google Patents
幹細胞からの有益因子の産生および送達のための方法およびデバイス Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2015年6月3日に出願された米国仮出願第62/170,604号、2015年6月3日に出願された米国仮出願番号第62/170,619号、および2015年6月12日に出願された米国仮出願番号第62/175,203号に基づく優先権を主張しており、これら仮出願の各々は、それらの全体が参考として本明細書に援用される。
成体幹細胞、例えば、成体間葉系幹細胞(MSC)は、生物の一生を通して多くの臓器内の分化した細胞型を生じることから、最終的に、多細胞生物の長寿命の原因となる。幹細胞は、3つの重要な特性を保持する:(1)幹細胞は、自己再生し、元の幹細胞集団の維持を可能にする;(2)幹細胞は、成体組織において代謝回転する成熟細胞を置き換えるために、複数の型の成熟細胞へと分化する;(3)幹細胞は、生涯を通して安定幹細胞プールを維持する(TollerveyおよびLunyak、2011年)。臨床背景においてこれらの
特性を利用して、幹細胞移植に基づく治療法は、例えば、隣接する細胞による神経栄養因子の放出を刺激することにより、神経細胞統合性を取り戻し、加齢によって引き起こされる認知機能低下を予防し、CNSおよび末梢の両方における傷害後の神経の回復を容易にする;再ミエリン化過程および神経細胞に対するグリア再生支持を刺激する;網膜損傷を予防し、網膜関門特性を維持する;酸化的侵襲を妨害し、炎症および自己免疫応答の強い抑制を生じ、免疫調節をもたらし、血管新生をガイドし、再生または臓器および組織修復を促す微小環境を作ることが示されてきた。
個体における疾患または障害の処置のための1つまたは複数の有益な因子を産生するように、自己再生(SR)または老化(SEN)幹細胞の集団を誘導することに関する方法およびデバイスが、本明細書に提供される。個体における疾患または障害の処置のための1つまたは複数の有益な因子を産生するための、幹細胞の集団における老化の誘導に有用な、老化を誘導するための組成物および方法も提供される。処置されている疾患または障害の要求のために、有益な因子の産生をカスタマイズするための方法およびデバイスについても記載されている。有益な因子の産生のための因子産生ユニット(FPU)、およびそれを必要とする個体への有益な因子の送達も提供される。
)、ポリヒドロキシ酪酸、ポリエーテルアミド、ポリジアキサノン(polydiaxanone)、
フィブロネクチン、コラーゲン、ゼラチン、ヒアルロン酸、キトサン、およびこれらの組合せ、ブレンドまたはコポリマーを含む。他の変形形態では、基材は、複数のエレクトロスピニングされた(electrospun)ナノファイバーまたは3-Dプリントされたナノファ
イバーを含む。特定の変形形態では、ナノファイバーは、幹細胞と共にエレクトロスピニングされている。一部の変形形態では、複数のエレクトロスピニングされたファイバーは、人工細胞外マトリックスとして構成される。一部の変形形態では、幹細胞の集団は、基材の表面上に配置される一方、一部の変形形態では、幹細胞の集団は、基材のポリマー材料内に配置される。一部の変形形態では、幹細胞は、SRおよびSEN幹細胞、例えば、SR-MSCおよびSEN-MSCである。一部の変形形態では、幹細胞の集団は、少なくとも50%のSR細胞を含み、一部の変形形態では、SR細胞は、誘導されたSR細胞である。一部の変形形態では、幹細胞の集団は、少なくとも50%のSEN細胞を含み、一部の変形形態では、SEN細胞は、誘導されたSEN細胞である。一部の変形形態では、因子産生ユニットは、アフェレーシス(aphereisis)システムの一部である。特定の変形形態では、アフェレーシスシステムは、プラスマフェレーシスシステムである。一部の変形形態では、因子は、因子産生ユニットから産生され、因子は、免疫細胞のモジュレーションに使用される。一部の変形形態では、因子が産生され、調節性T細胞の産生の増加に使用される。一部の変形形態では、因子が産生され、因子は、自己免疫性疾患、がん、糖尿病、皮膚疾患、神経変性疾患、骨粗鬆症、変形性関節症、肝臓の疾患、腎臓の疾患、加齢性病理、植皮を必要とする状態または皮膚病変の処置に使用される。
クトするステップを含む方法が、本明細書に提供される。一変形形態では、SR-幹細胞は、SR-hADSCである。
個体における疾患または障害の処置のための1つまたは複数の有益な因子を産生するように、幹細胞(SC)、例えば、間葉系幹細胞(MSC)の集団を誘導することに関する方法および組成物が、本明細書に記載されており、このような産生は、処置されている疾患または障害の要求のためにカスタマイズされる。個体における疾患または障害の処置のための1つまたは複数の有益な因子を産生するために、幹細胞の集団における老化の誘導に有用な、老化を誘導するための組成物および方法も提供される。有益な因子の産生のための因子産生ユニットも、これを作製および使用する方法と共に提供される。
I.因子の産生
A.背景および全体的なシステム
B.インプット細胞
を含む限りにおいて、1つまたは複数の細胞型が、インプット細胞集団に含まれていてよい。例示的な幹細胞は、胚性幹(ES)細胞、成体幹細胞、人工多能性幹細胞(iPSC)、および種々の方法を使用してSRとなるように誘導されたSEN細胞を限定することなく含む。より詳細には、成体幹細胞は、造血幹細胞(HSC)および間葉系幹細胞(MSC)を限定することなく含む。用いることができる他の型の細胞は、間質小胞画分、形質細胞、臍帯血細胞、胎盤細胞、骨髄由来細胞、上皮細胞、内皮細胞、免疫細胞、線維芽細胞、軟骨細胞、肝細胞、抗原提示細胞、肥満細胞、筋肉細胞、抗体産生細胞、神経細胞およびグリア細胞である。
1.老化の誘導
2.幹細胞性(若返り)の誘導
ている方法によって達成することができる。
C.幹細胞の誘導および因子の産生
1.誘導剤および条件
2.因子産生の誘導
レルギー性気道炎症、急性肺傷害、アトピー性皮膚炎、ベーチェット病、慢性肉芽腫性疾患、皮膚T細胞リンパ腫、潰瘍、線維症および機能喪失を含む慢性組織リモデリングをもたらす炎症および免疫調節不全を誘導する初期傷害によって特徴付けられる病理学的状態、虚血性腎傷害、嚢胞性線維症、副鼻腔炎および鼻炎または整形外科的疾患、自己免疫性肝炎の処置、ならびに筋骨格および心臓修復を必要とする状態のスタンドアロン型または組合せ型処置のための治療利益をもたらし得る。
ける処置に承認されている。
タンパク質6)、bNGF(ベータ-神経増殖因子)、BTC(プロベータセルリン)、CNTF(毛様体神経栄養因子)、EGF(上皮増殖因子)、HGF(肝細胞増殖因子)、肝細胞様増殖因子、NT3(ニューロトロフィン3)、NT4(ニューロトロフィン4)、OPG(オステオプロテジェリン)、シグレック5(シアル酸結合If様レクチン5)およびTGFA(トランスフォーミング増殖因子アルファ)、TGFb1(トランスフォーミング増殖因子ベータ1)、TGFb2(トランスフォーミング増殖因子ベータ3)、VEGF(血管内皮増殖因子)、VEGFD(血管内皮増殖因子D)およびPLGF(胎盤増殖因子)を限定することなく含む。
3.例示的な誘導方法
D.因子組成物
E.疾患および障害の処置
1.皮膚美容および皮膚適用
)創傷を模造して、因子の送達および生理学的利益を容易にすることができる。
性膿皮症、白斑、類天疱瘡(例えば、眼性瘢痕性類天疱瘡または水疱性類天疱瘡)、蕁麻疹、汗孔角化症(prokeratosis)、関節包を裏打ちする上皮関連の細胞の過剰増殖および炎症に関与する関節リウマチ;脂漏性皮膚炎および日光皮膚炎等の皮膚炎;脂漏性角化症、老人性角化症、光線性角化症、光誘導性角化症および毛包性角化症等の角化症;尋常性ざ瘡;ケロイドおよびケロイド形成に対する予防法;母斑;疣贅、コンジローマまたは尖圭コンジローマ、および性病性いぼ等のヒトパピローマウイルス(HPV)感染を含むいぼ;白板症;扁平苔癬;ならびに角膜炎が挙げられる。皮膚障害は、皮膚炎、例えば、アトピー性皮膚炎もしくはアレルギー性皮膚炎または乾癬であり得る。一変形形態では、これらの状態のいずれかは、72時間、SR hADSCを使用して因子産生ユニットによって産生される因子によって処置することができる。この実施形態において、組成物は、インターロイキン1ベータ(IL1b)、インターロイキン3(IL3)、インターロイキン-13受容体サブユニットアルファ-2(IL13Rα2)、インターロイキン1受容体アルファ(IL1Rα)、プロベータセルリン(BTC)、コロニー刺激因子(CSF1)、線維芽細胞増殖因子6(FGF6)、グリア細胞株由来神経栄養因子(GDNF)、インスリン様増殖因子1(IGF-1)、レプチン、血小板由来増殖因子Bベータ(PDGF BB)、脳由来神経栄養因子(BDNF)、骨形成タンパク質4(BMP4)、骨形成タンパク質6(BMP6)、毛様体神経栄養因子(CNTF)、上皮増殖因子(EGF)、線維芽細胞増殖因子7(FGF7)、インスリン様増殖因子結合タンパク質-4(IGFBP4)、幹細胞因子/c-kitリガンド(SCF)、間質細胞由来因子-1アルファ(SDF1a)、間質細胞由来因子-1ベータ(SDF1b)、アンジオテンシン(ANG)、コロニー刺激因子2(CSF2)、トランスフォーミング増殖因子ベータ1(TGFb1)、トランスフォーミング増殖因子ベータ3(TGFb3)、腫瘍壊死因子スーパーファミリーメンバー14(TNFSF14)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド2(CCL2)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド5(CCL5)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド7(CCL7)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド8(CCL8)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド11(CCL11)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド13(CCL13)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド22(CCL22)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド23(CCL23)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド24(CCL24)、CXCケモカインリガンド10(CXCL10)、ケモカイン(C-X-Cモチーフ)リガンド13(BLC)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド23(CCL23)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド28(CCL28)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド11(エオタキシン1)、ケモカイン(C-X-Cモチーフ)リガンド6(GCP-2)、FLT3LG(Fms関連チロシンキナーゼ3リガンド)およびフラクタルカイン(CX3CL1)を含む。
2.腫瘍学適用
3.自己免疫性疾患
4.神経変性疾患および脳卒中
5.加齢性疾患
6.心血管疾患
7.他の疾患
II.因子産生ユニット
A.細胞
B.基材
C.基材の形成
マンドレル内にアース端子または逆の極性を設置することにより形成される。マンドレルを回転させて、マンドレル上にファイバーを整列することができる、または第2のアース端子もしくは極性をマンドレルに配置して、電場の急速なスイッチングを行って、ファイバーを整列することができる。ナノスケールポリマーファイバーは、ランダムに整列することができる、もしくは実質的に平行にすることができる、またはその両方である。
D.基材上における細胞の配置
E.例示的な因子産生ユニット
ン、ならびに/または膜貫通および免疫細胞ドッキング受容体の放出による患者特異的免疫細胞(例えば、T細胞)の訓練のために、幹細胞(図示せず)を含有する。この例示的な変形形態を、例えば、免疫調節適用に使用して、例えば、上述の自己免疫性疾患の処置のためのTregの産生を増加させることができる。例えば、ファイバーマット(因子産生ユニット)が、プラスマフェレーシスシステム等、閉鎖式システムの一部である場合、ファイバーマットは、免疫細胞を含有する血漿に接触させるまたはその近くに配置することができる。ファイバーマット内の細胞は、免疫細胞をモジュレートするのにまたは免疫細胞に変化をもたらすのに有用な因子を血漿中に分泌することができる。幹細胞および/または免疫細胞は、収集および後の使用のために因子を産生することもできる。
は同種異系間であり得る。図106Aを参照すると、例示的なシステムは、平行して並ぶ複数のポリマーチューブ(404)を含むカートリッジ(402)を含む因子産生ユニット(400)を含む。例示的な変形形態では、システムはまず、カートリッジ(402)を巡る循環のために、対象の血液を取り入れる。図106Aにおけるポリマーチューブ(404)の1本の断面図である図106Bに示す通り、カートリッジ(402)のホローチューブ(404)を通過する血液(406)は、チューブ壁(410)を透過して、その中の捕捉された幹細胞(408)に接触し、これにより、チューブ(404)の内腔(L)へと因子を放出し血液(406)中に戻すことを可能にする。次いで、因子を有する血液を患者に戻すことができる。所望の因子投薬量が達成されるまで、このサイクルが反復されるであろう。これらの型のカートリッジは、さらに後述するプラスマフェレーシス型システムにおいて使用することもでき、その場合、細胞が血液から除去されて、血漿を形成し、血漿がカートリッジを循環する。血漿中に放出された因子は、患者への再導入に先立ち細胞と再度組み合わせることができる。同様の型のホローファイバーカートリッジは、U.S.8,172,784に開示されている。ホローチューブは、その壁内にポアを含むことができ、これにより、幹細胞からの因子の放出が可能になる。ポアは、チューブ壁内にいずれか適した様式で、例えば、至るところに均一に、または対称もしくは非対称パターンで配置することができる。いずれか適したポア直径を使用することもできる。他の事例では、ホローファイバー壁は、因子に対し透過性の材料で作製される。ポアと同様に、チューブ壁全体が透過性であっても、その部分のみが透過性であってもよい。ファイバー壁内に捕捉される代わりに、幹細胞は、ファイバー壁の内側および/または外側表面に播種および/または接着させることもできる。
Surg. Suppl.(582巻):71~6頁(1998年);ならびにLegallaisら、J. Memb. Sci.181巻:81~95頁(2001年)を参照されたい。このようなカート
リッジは、例えば、ホローファイバーまたは平坦なプレートを含むことができる。半透膜を使用して、処理しようとする生体液を細胞から分離することができ、このような膜は、カートリッジの一部、例えば、カートリッジの外部壁を形成することができる。カートリッジは、因子産生ユニットに挿入されるように、例えば、因子産生ユニットの一部または因子産生ユニット全体として構成することができる。したがって、因子産生ユニットは、より大型のシステムの一部であり得る。
III.因子の使用および送達
マイクロニードルパッチ)により送達することができる。一部の変形形態では、針内腔を通って送達される代わりに、因子は、針(複数可)にコーティングされ、針(複数可)が組織内に配置されたときに放出される。
可能なフィルム形成組成物、および経皮パッチを限定することなく含む。
膚表面処置によって増強または支援され得る。皮膚表面処置は、因子適用に先立ち行うことができる。例えば、皮膚表面処置は、因子適用の二(2)時間前までに、一(1)時間前までに、30分前までに、15分前までに、10分前までに、または5分前までに行うことができる。皮膚表面処置は、皮膚剥離、レーザーリサーフェシングおよびケミカルピールを限定することなく含むことができる。一部の変形形態では、皮膚表面処置は、マイクロニードル適用を含む。マイクロニードル適用は、いずれか適したダーマローラーにより達成することができる。ダーマローラーは、ローラーの周りに列を成して配置されたマイクロニードルが散りばめられたドラム形のローラーを一般に含む市販のデバイスであり、このマイクロニードルは、約0.5~1.5mmの長さおよび0.1mmの直径である。皮膚の上を転がすと、ダーマローラーは、外用適用された組成物のより優れた浸透を可能にする開口部を皮膚に作る。そこで、ダーマローラーによるマイクロニードル適用は、皮膚内への因子の浸透を増強するために、また、微小な傷害を作るために、因子組成物の外用適用に先立ち行うことができ、これは、炎症性/治癒過程を誘発して、皮膚の若返りおよび皮膚外観の改善において有益なコラーゲンおよび他の物質を産生する。次いで、送達された因子は、ケラチノサイトを誘導して、PDGF、IL-1、TGF-αおよびTGF-βが挙げられるがこれらに限定されない、増殖因子を産生することができ、これは、皮膚線維芽細胞の増殖および活性化においてパラクリン効果を発揮し、皮膚再生および皮膚細胞外マトリックスのリモデリングをもたらすことが示された。
もしくは水を吸収することができる物質、例えば、無水ラノリンからなる基剤のいずれかを使用して調製される。通例、油質であれ吸収剤であれ、基剤の形成後に、活性成分(例えば、因子(複数可)または馴化培地)が、所望の濃度をもたらす量で添加される。
ルコール、ケトン);脂肪酸エステル、有機酸、エーテル、アミド、アミン、炭化水素、アルコール、フェノール、ポリオール、界面活性物質(アニオン性、カチオン性、非イオン性、胆汁酸塩)。
オン性界面活性物質;アルキルアミン塩、ポリアミン、アミノアルコール脂肪酸、有機シリコーン樹脂、アルキル四級アンモニウム塩および他のカチオン性界面活性物質;ならびにレシチン、ベタイン誘導体および他の両性界面活性物質が挙げられる。
ク(mink)油および卵黄油等の動物性油脂;蜜ろう、鯨ろう(whale wax)、ラノリン、カルナウバろうおよびカンデリラろう等のワックス;液体パラフィン、スクアレン、微結晶性ワックス、セレシンワックス、パラフィンワックスおよびワセリン等の炭化水素;ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、ステアリン酸、オレイン酸、イソステアリン酸およびベヘン酸等の天然または合成脂肪酸;セタノール、ステアリルアルコール、ヘキシルデカノール、オクチルデカノールおよびラウリルアルコール等の天然または高級アルコール;ならびにイソプロピルミリステート、イソプロピルパルミテート、オクチルドデシルミリステート、オクチルドデシルオレエートおよびコレステロールオレエート等のエステルが挙げられる。
ビトール、マルトトリオース、トレイトール(threitol)ならびにエリスリトールが挙げられる。
ンB)、ナイアシンアミド(niacinaminde)(Vit B3)、d-パンテノール、ヒアルロン酸、セラミドまたは海藻(藻類)エキス等の他の化合物である。
IV.製造品
材料および方法
この実施例は、実施例2~9で後に使用される材料および方法を提供する。
MSCの単離、培養および特徴付け
IL-2を、37℃で24時間培養培地に加えた。
老化関連のSA-βガラクトシダーゼアッセイ
:3016~3030頁で以前に公開されている通りに実行した。培養されたhADSCをPBSで室温で15分間洗浄し、PBSで2回洗浄し、37℃で一晩X-Gal含有補助剤で染色した。細胞をPBSで2回洗浄し、顕微鏡(Nikons、TE300、DXM1200デジタルカメラ、Japan)を使用して画像を捕捉した。
遊走および浸潤アッセイ
Inc.(Rocky Hill、NJ、USA)から得た。遊走アッセイは、8mm厚のトランスウェルチャンバーを使用して、Perez LM、Bernal A、San Martin N、Galvez BG(2013年)、Arch Physiol Biochem119巻:195~201頁に記載されるように実行した。トランスウェル遊走アッセイのために、1.0×104個の細胞を80ulの無血清アルファ-MEMに懸濁し、8mm孔径フィルターを含有する24ウェルトランスウェルプレート(Corning、Costar、USA)の上部チャンバーに播種した。下部チャンバーに、600ulのDMEMまたはサイトカイン:IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、HMGβ1を含有する培地を加えた。使用濃度は:50ng/mlのIL-2、IL-6、IL-8およびHMGβ1;(Perezら、2013
年、Arch Physiol Biochem119巻:195~201頁)に記載されているように30ng/mlのTNF-αであった。hADSCを37℃で16時間インキュベートした。上部チャンバーに保持された細胞はスワブによって除去し、フィルターを通して遊走したものは室温で20分間4%パラホルムアルデヒドで固定し、5%トルイジンブルーで一晩染色した。細胞は、下側で数えた;明視野顕微鏡(Nikons、TE300、DXM1200デジタルカメラ、Japan)を使用して、5つの異なるランダムに選択された10×視野で。これらの実験は、SRまたはSEN集団のいずれかの32歳および41歳の2名のドナーのhADSCで行い、各ドナーは3回を超えて試料採取した。
酵素結合免疫吸着検定法(ELISA)
a calculus revealing IL-2 regulation of precursor frequencies, cell cycle time, and survival. J Immunol170巻:4963~4972頁に既述の通
りである。次に、MemPER Plus#89842(ThermoFisher Scientific)を製造業者のプロトコールに従って使用して、細胞膜に会合しているタンパク分画を調製した。ヒトIL-2RアルファおよびヒトIL-2RベータELISAキット#ELH-IL-2Raおよび#ELH-IL-2Rb(RayBiotech,Inc)をそれぞれ使用して、IL-2受容体アルファおよびベータの濃度の測定を得た。標準(組換えIL-2受容体アルファおよびベータ)ならびに実験試料の光学密度はSPECTRA Max Plus(Molecular Devices)によって450nmで測定し、濃度は製造業者のプロトコールに記載されるように計算した。
リアルタイム定量的ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応
RNA-seqデータ分析
from RNA-seq data. Bioinformatics28巻:2782~2788頁を使用して実行した。複製データセットの非存在下で差次的に発現された遺伝子の特徴付けにおいて実証されたその優れた性能に基づいて、GFOLDを選択した。GFOLD分析は、条件間の差次的遺伝子発現の程度を測定するスコアを与える;差次的に発現された遺伝子をここで規定するために、推奨された±0.01のGFOLDスコアカットオフを使用した。ライブラリーの対の間の差次的に発現された遺伝子に関する、機能の濃縮についての分析(functional enrichment analysis)は、プログラムGSEA v2.1.0を使用して実行した。具体的には、SR、SENまたは両方でのIL-2処置の後に上方調節または下方調節される複数の遺伝子を含有する個々の経路は、このように識別した。ノードが経路に対応し、端が経路間で共有される遺伝子の存在に対応するネットワークを使用して、差次的に調節された遺伝子(SRおよび/またはSENで上方調節されたIL-2+とSRおよび/またはSENで下方調節されたIL-2+)の特異的セットのための個々の経路を関連付けた。
spike-in RNA配列の予想されたカウントを、同じ配列にマッピングされるRNA-seqタグの観察されたカウントに対して回帰させた。回帰およびピアソン相関r値の形状によって示されるように、観察されたカウント対予想されたカウントは非常に相関しており、高品質RNA-seq結果と一致していた。
(実施例2)
MSC老化表現型の特徴付け
(実施例3)
SEN-MSCは、遊走のより高い傾向を示す
(実施例4)
複製老化の際のヒト脂肪由来MSCにおけるIl-2刺激への差次的応答
(実施例5)
Il-2刺激後のhADSCの栄養特性は、ex vivo複製加齢に感受性である
IL-2刺激ヒトMSCの抗炎症および免疫調節特性
(実施例7)
複製老化の際のIL-2刺激hADSCの抗アポトーシスおよび転移促進特性
(実施例8)
転写プロファイリングは、複製老化の際にIL-2刺激hADSCで強化された遊走および血管新生を調節する遺伝子標的を示す
(実施例9)
プロテオーム抗体アレイデータ
(実施例10)
マイクロRNAを使用した老化の誘導
細胞培養
RT-PCR
リアルタイム定量的PCR
ReadyMixで実行した。全RNAのPCR増幅は、以下のプログラムを使用して、LightCycler(登録商標)480リアルタイムPCRシステム(Roche)で実行した:サイクル1、95℃で10分間。サイクル2、95℃で15秒間、60℃で60秒間を40サイクル。CT値は、自動的に得た。RNAの相対発現値は、CT方法を使用して、内在性対照(ベータ-アクチン)のCT値と比較してmRNA遺伝子のCT値を正規化することにより得た。マイクロRNAのPCR増幅は、以下のプログラムを使用して、LightCycler(登録商標)480リアルタイムPCRシステム(Roche)で実行した:サイクル1、95℃で2分間。サイクル2、95℃で5秒間、60℃で30秒間を40サイクル。マイクロRNAの相対発現値は、CT方法を使用して、内在性対照(U6)のCT値と比較してマイクロRNA遺伝子のCT値を正規化することにより得た。
(実施例11)
Treg細胞の産生を増加させるためのヒトPBMCの因子依存的免疫促進
hADSCの単離、培養および特徴付け
由来幹細胞株は、DMEM/F12培地(Life Technologies)で成長させた。International Society for Cellular Therapyによって設定されたMSC最小定義基準(Dominiciら、2006年、Cytotherapy8巻:315~317頁)により、フローサイトメトリー分析は、hADSCがC
D29、CD73、CD90およびCD105を発現するが、CD11b、CD14、CD19、CD34、CD45、CD80、CD86(eBiosciense、USAからの抗体)を発現しないことを示した。形態学的分析は、細胞が線維芽細胞様形態を示し、プラスチック粘着性であり、市販の分化培地(Invitrogen、USA)を使用したin vitro条件下で脂肪生成、軟骨形成および骨形成分化が可能なことを示した。累積集団倍加(PD)は、記載のように(Wangら、Cell Cycle、2011年;Niuら、2015年、Oncotarget)培養での成長日数の関数としての複数の継代にわたるPD=log(N/N0)×3.33として計算し、ここで、N0はフラスコに平板培養した細胞の数であり、Nはこの継代で回収された細胞の数である。SR集団のためのhADSC
PD4またはPD6。
遺伝毒性物質を使用した老化の誘導
chemical)抗がん化学療法薬で処置した。患者のhADSCを接種した因子産生ユニット(3-D ECMを模倣するポリカプロラクトン(PCL)マトリックス/ファイバーから作製された3-D足場を含有する)を、10%PRP含有StemPro MSC SFM xeno不含培地中の50ug/mlのブレオマイシンにより、37℃で2時間処置した(Niuら、Oncotarget、2015年)。遺伝毒性曝露の後、因子産生ユ
ニットをPBS-cmfで2回洗浄し、新鮮な培地と交換した。完全な遺伝毒性誘導老化を達成するために因子産生ユニットを5日間維持し、その後、SEN細胞を有する因子産生ユニットは未処置のまま放置したか(SEN)、または下記のように20U/mlのIL-2で24時間処置した(SEN+IL-2)。pH依存性の老化関連β-ガラクトシダーゼ活性(SA-βGal)の発現をモニタリングするためのアッセイを、製造業者のキット(BioVision)に記載されているように、および(Wangら、2011年、Cell Cycle10巻:3016~3030頁)で以前に公開されているように実行した。
培養したhADSCをPBSで室温で15分間洗浄し、37℃で一晩X-Gal含有補助剤で染色した。細胞をPBSで2回洗浄し、顕微鏡(Nikons、TE300、DXM1200デジタルカメラ、Japan)を使用して画像を捕捉した。
IL-2刺激/処置
免疫調節のためのPBMCとの共培養
FACSデータ分析戦略-Treg産生の分析
Fluor647抗体とインキュベートした。インキュベーション期間の終わりに、PBMCを洗浄して500ulの固定剤緩衝液に再懸濁させ、FACS Canto IIフローサイトメーター(BD Biosciences)でフローサイトメトリーを実行した。
図99は、FACS分析からの代表的データを示す。プロットの中の数字は、マーカーを発現する集団中の細胞の数を表す。表は、パネルA~Dでマーカーを発現する細胞の数の要約を提供する。このゲーティングでは、リンパ球は光散乱プロット分布(SSC-A対FSC-A)に基づいてゲーティングした(A)。パネルAからのリンパ球集団は、結合したCD4 FITCに基づいてCD4+リンパ球についてさらに分析し、ヒストグラムプロットとして示す(B)。次にCD25発現(D)についてCD4+リンパ球を逐次的に分析し、その後、陽性Alexa-Fluor647抗FoxP3抗体結合に基づいてFoxp3を発現するTregを分析した。パネルE~Hは、2つのマーカーの発現についてのリンパ球のドットプロットを示す。CD4+リンパ球はx軸に示し、CD25発現はy軸に示す(E)。CD4+CD25+リンパ球は、Q2にある。CD25+またはCD25陰性を発現するFoxp3+陽性T-Regを表す(パネルFおよびG)。全CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregは、パネルHにプロットする。
特定の実施形態では、例えば以下の項目が提供される。
(項目1)
個体における疾患または障害を処置する方法であって、幹細胞の集団によって産生された1つまたは複数の因子を、前記個体または前記個体由来の生体液に送達するステップを含む方法。
(項目2)
前記幹細胞が、間葉系幹細胞(MSC)を含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目3)
前記幹細胞が、自己再生(SR)細胞および老化(SEN)細胞を含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目4)
前記幹細胞の集団が、少なくとも50%のSR細胞を含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目5)
幹細胞の前記集団が、少なくとも50%のSEN細胞を含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目6)
前記幹細胞が、誘導剤への曝露により、前記因子を産生するように誘導されている、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目7)
前記曝露が、約24時間である、項目6に記載の方法。
(項目8)
前記誘導剤が、IL-2を含む、項目6に記載の方法。
(項目9)
前記幹細胞が、少なくとも50%のSR細胞を含む、項目6に記載の方法。
(項目10)
前記幹細胞が、少なくとも50%のSEN細胞を含む、項目6に記載の方法。
(項目11)
前記因子が、前記細胞から分泌される、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目12)
前記因子が、誘導24、48または72時間後に送達される、項目7に記載の方法。
(項目13)
前記疾患または障害が、がん、自己免疫性疾患、心血管疾患、糖尿病、皮膚疾患、神経変性疾患、骨粗鬆症、変形性関節症、脊髄傷害、肝臓の疾患、腎臓の疾患、加齢性病理、脱毛、熱傷、植皮を必要とする状態または皮膚病変である、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目14)
前記幹細胞が、脂肪由来幹細胞(ADSC)である、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目15)
前記幹細胞が、小胞間質画分に由来する、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目16)
前記送達が、経皮パッチ、プラスマフェレーシスシステム、マイクロニードルに基づくシステム、クリームまたはダーマローラーの使用を含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目17)
前記因子が、前記個体に対して自家である、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目18)
前記因子が、前記個体に対して同種異系である、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目19)
前記因子が、因子産生ユニットにおいて産生される、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目20)
前記因子が、インターロイキン1ベータ(IL1b)、インターロイキン3(IL3)、インターロイキン-13受容体サブユニットアルファ-2(IL13Rα2)、インターロイキン1受容体アルファ(IL1Rα)、プロベータセルリン(BTC)、コロニー刺激因子(CSF1)、線維芽細胞増殖因子6(FGF6)、グリア細胞株由来神経栄養因子(GDNF)、インスリン様増殖因子1(IGF-1)、レプチン、血小板由来増殖因子Bベータ(PDGF BB)、脳由来神経栄養因子(BDNF)、骨形成タンパク質4(BMP4)、骨形成タンパク質6(BMP6)、毛様体神経栄養因子(CNTF)、上皮増殖因子(EGF)、線維芽細胞増殖因子7(FGF7)、インスリン様増殖因子結合タンパク質-4(IGFBP4)、幹細胞因子/c-kitリガンド(SCF)、間質細胞由来因子-1アルファ(SDF1a)、間質細胞由来因子-1ベータ(SDF1b)、アンジオテンシン(ANG)、コロニー刺激因子2(CSF2)、トランスフォーミング増殖因子ベータ1(TGFb1)、トランスフォーミング増殖因子ベータ3(TGFb3)、腫瘍壊死因子スーパーファミリーメンバー14(TNFSF14)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド2(CCL2)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド5(CCL5)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド7(CCL7)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド8(CCL8)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド11(CCL11)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド13(CCL13)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド22(CCL22)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド23(CCL23)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド24(CCL24)、CXCケモカインリガンド10(CXCL10)、ケモカイン(C-X-Cモチーフ)リガンド13(BLC)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド23(CCL23)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド28(CCL28)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド11(エオタキシン1)、ケモカイン(C-X-Cモチーフ)リガンド6(GCP-2)、FLT3LG(Fms関連チロシンキナーゼ3リガンド)およびフラクタルカイン(CX3CL1)を含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目21)
前記因子が、前記個体由来の生体液に送達される、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目22)
前記因子が、前記個体由来の血漿に送達される、項目21に記載の方法。
(項目23)
血漿への前記因子の前記送達が、血液における調節性T細胞の産生を誘導する、項目21に記載の方法。
(項目24)
前記血液を前記個体に再導入するステップをさらに含む、項目23に記載の方法。
(項目25)
因子産生ユニットにおいて1つまたは複数の因子を産生する方法であって、誘導剤を幹細胞の集団に添加するステップであって、因子の前記産生を誘導し、それによって、前記1つまたは複数の因子を産生するステップを含む方法。
(項目26)
前記幹細胞が、間葉系幹細胞(MSC)を含む、項目25に記載の方法。
(項目27)
前記幹細胞が、脂肪由来幹細胞(ADSC)である、項目25に記載の方法。
(項目28)
前記幹細胞が、小胞間質画分に由来する、項目25に記載の方法。
(項目29)
前記幹細胞が、自己再生(SR)細胞および老化(SEN)細胞を含む、項目25に記載の方法。
(項目30)
幹細胞の前記集団が、少なくとも50%のSR細胞を含む、項目25に記載の方法。
(項目31)
幹細胞の前記集団が、少なくとも50%のSEN細胞を含む、項目25に記載の方法。
(項目32)
前記幹細胞が、誘導剤への曝露により、前記因子を産生するように誘導されている、項目25に記載の方法。
(項目33)
前記誘導剤が、IL-2を含む、項目32に記載の方法。
(項目34)
前記因子が、前記細胞から分泌される、項目25に記載の方法。
(項目35)
前記因子が、誘導24、48または72時間後に得られる、項目32に記載の方法。
(項目36)
幹細胞の前記集団が、単一の個体に由来する、項目25に記載の方法。
(項目37)
幹細胞の前記集団が、複数の個体に由来する、項目25に記載の方法。
(項目38)
前記因子が、インターロイキン1ベータ(IL1b)、インターロイキン3(IL3)、インターロイキン-13受容体サブユニットアルファ-2(IL13Rα2)、インターロイキン1受容体アルファ(IL1Rα)、プロベータセルリン(BTC)、コロニー刺激因子(CSF1)、線維芽細胞増殖因子6(FGF6)、グリア細胞株由来神経栄養因子(GDNF)、インスリン様増殖因子1(IGF-1)、レプチン、血小板由来増殖因子Bベータ(PDGF BB)、脳由来神経栄養因子(BDNF)、骨形成タンパク質4(BMP4)、骨形成タンパク質6(BMP6)、毛様体神経栄養因子(CNTF)、上皮増殖因子(EGF)、線維芽細胞増殖因子7(FGF7)、インスリン様増殖因子結合タンパク質-4(IGFBP4)、幹細胞因子/c-kitリガンド(SCF)、間質細胞由来因子-1アルファ(SDF1a)、間質細胞由来因子-1ベータ(SDF1b)、アンジオテンシン(ANG)、コロニー刺激因子2(CSF2)、トランスフォーミング増殖因子ベータ1(TGFb1)、トランスフォーミング増殖因子ベータ3(TGFb3)、腫瘍壊死因子スーパーファミリーメンバー14(TNFSF14)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド2(CCL2)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド5(CCL5)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド7(CCL7)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド8(CCL8)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド11(CCL11)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド13(CCL13)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド22(CCL22)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド23(CCL23)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド24(CCL24)、CXCケモカインリガンド10(CXCL10)、ケモカイン(C-X-Cモチーフ)リガンド13(BLC)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド23(CCL23)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド28(CCL28)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド11(エオタキシン1)、ケモカイン(C-X-Cモチーフ)リガンド6(GCP-2)、FLT3LG(Fms関連チロシンキナーゼ3リガンド)およびフラクタルカイン(CX3CL1)を含む、項目25に記載の方法。
(項目39)
前記因子が、皮膚美容適用に有用である、項目38に記載の方法。
(項目40)
前記因子が、がん、自己免疫性疾患、心血管疾患、糖尿病、皮膚疾患、神経変性疾患、骨粗鬆症、変形性関節症、脊髄傷害、肝臓の疾患、腎臓の疾患、加齢性病理、脱毛、熱傷、植皮を必要とする状態または皮膚病変の処置に有用である、項目25に記載の方法。
(項目41)
皮膚美容適用に適した1つまたは複数の因子を産生する方法であって、10%PRPと共に幹細胞の集団をインキュベートするステップであって、それによって、皮膚美容適用に適した1つまたは複数の因子を産生するステップを含む方法。
(項目42)
IL-2とのインキュベーションの72時間後にSR-hADSCから収集された因子を含む因子組成物。
(項目43)
試料における調節性T細胞の数を増加させる方法であって、T細胞を含む試料を因子組成物と接触させるステップを含み、前記因子組成物が、IL-2とのインキュベーションの72時間後にSR-hADSCから収集された因子を含む、方法。
(項目44)
前記試料が、血液を含む、項目43に記載の方法。
(項目45)
前記試料が、血漿を含む、項目43に記載の方法。
(項目46)
基材と、インプット幹細胞の集団とを含む因子産生ユニット。
(項目47)
基材が、ポリマー材料を含む、項目42に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目48)
インプット幹細胞が、MSCを含む、項目42に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目49)
基材が、三次元基材である、項目42に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目50)
前記ポリマー材料が、生分解性ポリマーを含む、項目47に記載の因子産生ユニット。(項目51)
前記ポリマー材料が、生分解性でないポリマーを含む、項目47に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目52)
前記ポリマー材料が、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエステル、ポリメタクリル酸メチル、ポリアクリロニトリル、シリコーン、ポリウレタン、ポリカーボネート、ポリエーテルケトンケトン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリアミド、ポリスチレン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリスルホン、ポリカプロラクトン(PCL)、ポリ乳酸(PLA)、ポリグリコール酸(PGA)、ポリグリセロールセバシン酸、ポリジオールクエン酸、ポリヒドロキシ酪酸、ポリエーテルアミド、ポリジアキサノン、フィブロネクチン、コラーゲン、ゼラチン、ヒアルロン酸、キトサン、およびこれらの組合せ、ブレンドまたはコポリマーを含む、項目47に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目53)
基材が、複数のエレクトロスピニングされたナノファイバーまたは3-Dプリントされたナノファイバーを含む、項目42に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目54)
前記ナノファイバーが、幹細胞と共にエレクトロスピニングされている、項目53に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目55)
前記複数のエレクトロスピニングされたファイバーが、人工細胞外マトリックスとして構成されている、項目53に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目56)
幹細胞の集団が、基材の表面上に配置されている、項目42に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目57)
幹細胞の集団が、基材のポリマー材料内に配置されている、項目42に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目58)
幹細胞が、自己再生(SR)細胞および老化細胞(SEN)を含む、項目42に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目59)
幹細胞の集団が、少なくとも50%のSR細胞を含む、項目42に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目60)
前記幹細胞が、誘導されたSR細胞である、項目59に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目61)
幹細胞の集団が、少なくとも50%のSEN細胞を含む、項目42に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目62)
前記幹細胞が、誘導されたSR細胞である、項目61に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目63)
アフェレーシスシステムの一部である、項目42に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目64)
前記アフェレーシスシステムが、プラスマフェレーシスシステムである、項目63に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目65)
因子が産生され、前記因子が、免疫細胞のモジュレーションに使用される、項目42に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目66)
因子が産生され、そして使用されて、調節性T細胞の産生を増加させる、項目65に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目67)
因子が産生され、前記因子が、自己免疫性疾患、がん、糖尿病、皮膚疾患、神経変性疾患、骨粗鬆症、変形性関節症、肝臓の疾患、腎臓の疾患、加齢性病理、植皮を必要とする状態または皮膚病変の処置に使用される、項目42に記載の因子産生ユニット。
(項目68)
インターロイキン1ベータ(IL1b)、インターロイキン3(IL3)、インターロイキン-13受容体サブユニットアルファ-2(IL13Rα2)、インターロイキン1受容体アルファ(IL1Rα)、プロベータセルリン(BTC)、コロニー刺激因子(CSF1)、線維芽細胞増殖因子6(FGF6)、グリア細胞株由来神経栄養因子(GDNF)、インスリン様増殖因子1(IGF-1)、レプチン、血小板由来増殖因子Bベータ(PDGF BB)、脳由来神経栄養因子(BDNF)、骨形成タンパク質4(BMP4)、骨形成タンパク質6(BMP6)、毛様体神経栄養因子(CNTF)、上皮増殖因子(EGF)、線維芽細胞増殖因子7(FGF7)、インスリン様増殖因子結合タンパク質-4(IGFBP4)、幹細胞因子/c-kitリガンド(SCF)、間質細胞由来因子-1アルファ(SDF1a)、間質細胞由来因子-1ベータ(SDF1b)、アンジオテンシン(ANG)、コロニー刺激因子2(CSF2)、トランスフォーミング増殖因子ベータ1(TGFb1)、トランスフォーミング増殖因子ベータ3(TGFb3)、腫瘍壊死因子スーパーファミリーメンバー14(TNFSF14)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド2(CCL2)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド5(CCL5)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド7(CCL7)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド8(CCL8)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド11(CCL11)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド13(CCL13)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド22(CCL22)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド23(CCL23)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド24(CCL24)、CXCケモカインリガンド10(CXCL10)、ケモカイン(C-X-Cモチーフ)リガンド13(BLC)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド23(CCL23)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド28(CCL28)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド11(エオタキシン1)、ケモカイン(C-X-Cモチーフ)リガンド6(GCP-2)、FLT3LG(Fms関連チロシンキナーゼ3リガンド)およびフラクタルカイン(CX3CL1)を含む、因子組成物。
(項目69)
クリームまたはローションの形態にさらに製剤化される、項目68に記載の因子組成物。
(項目70)
マイクロニードルを含むパッチ上にさらに製剤化される、項目68に記載の因子組成物。
(項目71)
ダーマローラーに基づく送達系と組み合わされるようにさらに製剤化される、項目68に記載の因子組成物。
(項目72)
項目68に記載の因子組成物を含むキット。
(項目73)
SR-幹細胞における老化を誘導する方法であって、miR-17-5p、miR-18a-5p、miR-20a-5p、mir-92a1-5p、mir-19a-3p、mir-125b1-5p、mir100-5pおよびmir-let7a-2-3pからなる群から選択されるマイクロRNA(miRNA)のうちの1つを前記細胞にトランスフェクトするステップを含む方法。
(項目74)
前記SR-幹細胞が、SR-hADSCである、項目73に記載の方法。
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