JP2022097689A - 反射体を伴う切り替え可能な光コリメート層 - Google Patents
反射体を伴う切り替え可能な光コリメート層 Download PDFInfo
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- FGKCGMMQJOWMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl]azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC(=C)C(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C FGKCGMMQJOWMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
- G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
- G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
-
- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/004—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
-
- G—PHYSICS
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-
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- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/002—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide, e.g. with collimating, focussing or diverging surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/1323—Arrangements for providing a switchable viewing angle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/13338—Input devices, e.g. touch panels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F1/1677—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F1/1679—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells
- G02F1/1681—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/3406—Control of illumination source
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F2001/1678—Constructional details characterised by the composition or particle type
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2018年8月10日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/717,104号の優先権を主張する。本明細書で参照される任意の特許、公開出願、または他の公開研究の全内容は、参照することによって組み込まれる。
本発明は、例えば、透明または半透明基板を通過する入射光の方向性を制御するために使用され得る切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルムに関する。この能力を有する受動フィルムは、しばらく前から市販されており、コンピュータモニタのための「プライバシーフィルタ」としての使用のために広く販売されている。例えば、3M Corporation(St. Paul,MN)および第US8,213,082号等の種々の米国特許からの提案を参照されたい。典型的に、プライバシーフィルタは、ユーザがディスプレイ上の画像をユーザによってのみ視認可能である「プライバシーコーン」に限定することを欲するとき、ビデオディスプレイの正面表面に適用される。プライバシーフィルムは、典型的に、プラスチック基板と異なる屈折率を有する材料で裏込めされたプラスチックのマイクロ加工されたチャネルを採用する。材料間の界面は、屈折表面を作成し、正しい方向に向けられた光のみが、フィルタを通過するであろう一方、正しくない方向に向けられた他の入射光は、後方反射および/または吸収されるであろう。この同じ技術は、例えば、外部窓を通過する太陽光の方向性を修正するための窓処置としても使用されることができる。
本発明は、例えば、以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルムであって、前記光コリメートフィルムは、
第1の光透過電極層と、
少なくとも20μmの厚さを有するコリメート層であって、前記コリメート層は、複数の細長いチャンバと、前記細長いチャンバ間の前記コリメート層の一部とを備え、各細長いチャンバは、開口部を有する、コリメート層と、
顔料粒子を備えている双安定電気泳動流体であって、前記双安定電気泳動流体は、各細長いチャンバ内に配置されている、双安定電気泳動流体と、
シール層であって、前記シール層は、前記細長いチャンバの開口部にまたがることによって、前記双安定電気泳動流体を前記複数の細長いチャンバのうちの少なくとも1つ内にシールしている、シール層と、
第2の光透過電極層であって、前記第1の光透過層と第2の光透過層とは、前記コリメート層の両側に配置されている、第2の光透過電極層と、
各細長いチャンバの前記開口部と整列させられた光反射性表面と
を備え、
前記光反射性表面は、前記細長いチャンバ間の前記コリメート層の前記一部と実質的に重複していない、切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルム。
(項目2)
前記コリメート層は、500μm未満の厚さを有する、項目1に記載の切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルム。
(項目3)
前記細長いチャンバの高さは、前記コリメート層の厚さ以下であり、前記細長いチャンバの幅は、5μm~150μmであり、前記チャンバの長さは、200μm~5mmである、項目1に記載の切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルム。
(項目4)
前記コリメート層は、ポリマーを備え、前記ポリマーは、アクリレートモノマー、ウレタンモノマー、スチレンモノマー、エポキシドモノマー、シランモノマー、チオ-エンモノマー、チオ-インモノマー、またはビニルエーテルモノマーを含む、項目1に記載の切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルム。
(項目5)
前記光反射性表面は、金属または光反射性金属酸化物を備えている、項目1に記載の切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルム。
(項目6)
前記第1または第2の光透過電極層は、酸化インジウムスズを備えている、項目1に記載の切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルム。
(項目7)
前記双安定電気泳動流体は、非極性溶媒中のポリマー官能化顔料粒子および遊離ポリマーを備えている、項目1に記載の切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルム。
(項目8)
前記顔料は、ポリアクリレート、ポリスチレン、ポリナフタレン、またはポリジメチルシロキサンで官能化されている、項目7に記載の切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルム。
(項目9)
前記遊離ポリマーは、ポリイソブチレン、または、エチレン、プロピレン、またはスチレンモノマーを含むコポリマーを備えている、項目7に記載の切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルム。
(項目10)
前記シール層は、セルロース、ゼラチン、ポリアクリレート、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリエチレン、ポリ(ビニル)酢酸、ポリ(ビニル)ピロリデン、ポリウレタン、または前記ポリマーのうちのいずれかのコポリマーを備えている、項目1に記載の切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルム。
(項目11)
前記光反射性表面は、前記双安定電気泳動流体に接触している、項目1に記載の切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルム。
(項目12)
前記第1または第2の光透過電極に接触している基板をさらに備え、前記光反射性表面は、前記基板に接触している、項目1に記載の切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルム。
(項目13)
前記基板は、前記第1または第2の光透過電極に隣接した第1の表面と、前記光反射性表面に接触している反対側の表面とを備えている、項目12に記載の切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルム。
(項目14)
光学的に透明な接着剤層をさらに備えている、項目1に記載の切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルム。
(項目15)
前記光学的に透明な接着剤層に隣接した剥離層をさらに備えている、項目14に記載の切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルム。
(項目16)
前記シール層は、前記光反射性表面を形成している、項目1に記載の切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルム。
(項目17)
項目1-16のいずれかに記載の切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルムを備えているディスプレイ。
(項目18)
ディスプレイであって、前記ディスプレイは、
光源と、
切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルムであって、前記切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルムは、
第1の光透過電極層と、
少なくとも20μmの厚さを有しているコリメート層であって、前記コリメート層は、複数の細長いチャンバと、前記細長いチャンバ間の前記コリメート層の一部とを備え、各細長いチャンバは、開口部を有する、コリメート層と、
顔料粒子を備えている双安定電気泳動流体であって、前記双安定電気泳動流体は、各細長いチャンバ内に配置されている、双安定電気泳動流体と、
シール層であって、前記シール層は、前記開口部にまたがることによって、前記双安定電気泳動流体を細長いチャンバ内にシールしている、シール層と、
第2の光透過電極層であって、前記第1の光透過層と第2の光透過層とは、前記コリメート層の両側に配置されている、第2の光透過電極層と、
各細長いチャンバの開口部と整列させられた光反射性表面と
を備え、前記光反射性表面は、前記細長いチャンバ間の前記コリメート層の前記一部と実質的に重複していない、切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルムと
薄膜トランジスタのアクティブマトリクスと、
液晶層と、
カラーフィルタアレイと
を備えている、ディスプレイ。
(項目19)
電圧インパルスを前記第1の光透過電極層と第2の光透過電極層との間に提供するために、電圧源とコントローラとをさらに備えている、項目18に記載のディスプレイ。
(項目20)
前記光源と前記切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルムとの間に配置されたプリズムフィルムをさらに備えている、項目18に記載のディスプレイ。
(項目21)
前記プリズムフィルムと前記光源との間の拡散層をさらに備えている、項目18に記載のディスプレイ。
(項目22)
タッチスクリーン層をさらに備えている、項目18に記載のディスプレイ。
(項目23)
前記光反射性表面は、前記光源と前記薄膜トランジスタのアクティブマトリクスとの間に配置されている、項目18に記載のディスプレイ。
光コリメートフィルムは、図8に図示され、第US9,081,250号に詳細に説明されるように、ロールツーロールプロセスを使用して生産されることができる。図8に示されるように、プロセスは、いくつかのステップを伴う。第1のステップにおいて、エンボス加工組成物、例えば、熱可塑性物質、熱硬化性物質、またはその前駆体の層(60)が、随意に、溶媒とともに、インジウムスズ酸化物(PET-ITO)の層を含むテレフタル酸ポリエチレン(PET)のフィルム等の伝導性透明フィルム(61)上に堆積させられる。(溶媒は、存在する場合、容易に蒸発する。)プライマ層(すなわち、電極保護層)が、エンボス加工組成物の層と、PETであり得る支持層との間の接着力を増加させるために使用され得る。加えて、接着力促進剤が、支持層への接着力を改良するためにプライマ層において使用され得る。第2のステップにおいて、層(60)は、事前にパターン化されたエンボス加工ツール(62)によって、層材料のガラス遷移温度より高い温度でエンボス加工され、その製作は、下で説明される。(プライマおよび/または接着力促進剤は、エンボス加工ツール(62)への接着力を減少させるように調節され得る。)第3のステップにおいて、パターン化された層(60)が、好ましくは、例えば、冷却することによって硬化させられる間またはその後、エンボス加工ツール(62)から剥離される。(上で説明されるような)細長いチャンバの特徴的なパターンが、ここで確立される。ステップ4において、細長いチャンバ(63)が、上で説明される、双安定電気泳動流体(64)で充填される。いくつかの実施形態において、双安定電気泳動流体は、電気泳動流体(64)と不親和性であり、電気泳動流体(64)中の溶媒および顔料粒子より低い比重を有するシール組成物を含むであろう。そのような実施形態において、シール組成物は、細長いチャンバ(63)の上部まで上昇し、それによって、後続ステップにおいて硬化させられることができる。代替として(図8に示されない)、シール組成物は、細長いチャンバ(63)が電気泳動流体(64)で充填された後、オーバーコーティングされ得る。次のステップにおいて、電気泳動流体(64)で充填された細長いチャンバ(63)が、例えば、UV放射(65)を用いて、または熱または湿気によって、シール組成物を硬化させることによって、シールされる。第6のステップにおいて、シールされた細長いチャンバが、感圧式接着剤、高温溶融接着剤、熱、湿気、または放射硬化性接着剤であり得る光学的に透明な接着剤層(67)で事前にコーティングされ得る第2の透明伝導性フィルム(66)に積層される。[光学的に透明な接着剤のための好ましい材料は、アクリル、スチレン-ブタジエンコポリマー、スチレン-ブタジエン-スチレンブロックコポリマー、スチレン-イソプレン-スチレンブロックコポリマー、ポリビニルブチラール、酢酸酪酸セルロ-ス、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリウレタン、ポリアミド、エチレン-ビニル酢酸コポリマー、エポキシド、多官能アクリレート、ビニル、ビニルエーテル、およびそのオリゴマー、ポリマー、およびコポリマーを含む。]最終ステップにおいて、切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルムの仕上げられたシートが、例えば、ナイフ刃(69)を用いて、またはレーザカッタを用いて、切断され得る。いくつかの実施形態において、フィルムが、裁断シートまたはロールで出荷され、例えば、ディスプレイ、窓、または他のデバイス/基板の中への組み込みのために使用されるべきとき、定型サイズに切断され得るように、別の光学的に透明な接着剤および剥離シートを積層することを含む第8のステップが、仕上げられた切り替え可能な光コリメートフィルムにおいて実施され得る。
Proc. Vol.3099,pp76-82(1997年))に説明されるように、電子ビーム書き込み、乾燥エッチング、化学エッチング、レーザ書き込み、またはレーザ干渉を含む他のマイクロエンジニアリング技法を使用して作製されることもできる。代替として、エンボス加工ツールは、プラスチック、セラミック、または金属を使用して、光機械加工によって作製されることができる。エンボス加工ツール生産のためのいくつかの方法が、下でより詳細に説明される。
いくつかの実施形態において、光反射性表面は、単に、金属(例えば、Al、Au、Ag、Cr、またはその合金)を細長いチャンバ(22)の開口部の上に堆積させることによって作成される。代替として、金属フィルムは、光コリメートフィルム(10)全体にわたって堆積させられることができ、細長いチャンバ(22)間の介在材料の上方のエリアは、例えば、レーザ切断を用いて、切り離される。高度な実施形態において、図13に示されるように、光反射性表面(27)は、例えば、基板(16)上に印刷し、その後、ドライフィルムレジスト積層またはレジストコーティングが続くことによって、基板(16)上に堆積させられることができる。基板(16)の反対側は、次いで、フォトレジストでコーティングされ、それは、金属反射体側を通して、光にさらされる。後続のレジスト現像は、所望の細長いチャンバ(22)パターンを与え、光反射性表面(27)は、細長いチャンバ(22)の底部と反対側の基板(16)の底部上にある。
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