JP2022051160A - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022051160A JP2022051160A JP2020157486A JP2020157486A JP2022051160A JP 2022051160 A JP2022051160 A JP 2022051160A JP 2020157486 A JP2020157486 A JP 2020157486A JP 2020157486 A JP2020157486 A JP 2020157486A JP 2022051160 A JP2022051160 A JP 2022051160A
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 214
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Abstract
Description
図面は模式的または概念的なものであり、各部分の厚みと幅との関係、部分間の大きさの比率などは、必ずしも現実のものと同一とは限らない。同じ部分を表す場合であっても、図面により互いの寸法や比率が異なって表される場合もある。
本願明細書と各図において、既に説明したものと同様の要素には同一の符号を付して詳細な説明は適宜省略する。
以下の説明及び図面において、n+、n、n-及びp+、pの表記は、各不純物濃度の相対的な高低を表す。すなわち、「+」が付されている表記は、「+」及び「-」のいずれも付されていない表記よりも不純物濃度が相対的に高く、「-」が付されている表記は、いずれも付されていない表記よりも不純物濃度が相対的に低いことを示す。これらの表記は、それぞれの領域にp形不純物とn形不純物の両方が含まれている場合には、それらの不純物が補償しあった後の正味の不純物濃度の相対的な高低を表す。
以下で説明する各実施形態について、各半導体領域のp形とn形を反転させて各実施形態を実施してもよい。
図1は、第1実施形態に係る半導体装置を表す斜視断面図である。
第1実施形態に係る半導体装置100は、MOSFETである。半導体装置100は、n-形(第1導電形)ドリフト領域1(第1半導体領域)、p形(第2導電形)ベース領域2(第2半導体領域)、n+形半導体領域3(第3半導体領域)、p+形コンタクト領域4(第4半導体領域)、n+形ドレイン領域8、下部電極10(第1電極)、上部電極20(第2電極)、及びゲート電極30を含む。
図1及び図2に表したように、上部電極20は、第1部分21、第2部分22、及び第3部分23を含む。
下部電極10に、上部電極20に対して正の電圧が印加された状態で、ゲート電極30に閾値より高い電圧を印加する。p形ベース領域2にチャネル(反転層)が形成される。電子は、チャネル及びn-形ドリフト領域1を通って下部電極10へ流れる。これにより、半導体装置100がオン状態になる。その後、ゲート電極30に印加される電圧が閾値よりも低くなると、p形ベース領域2におけるチャネルが消滅し、半導体装置100がオフ状態になる。
n-形ドリフト領域1、p形ベース領域2、n+形半導体領域3、p+形コンタクト領域4、及びn+形ドレイン領域8は、半導体材料として、シリコン、炭化シリコン、窒化ガリウム、またはガリウムヒ素を含む。半導体材料としてシリコンが用いられる場合、n形不純物として、ヒ素、リン、またはアンチモンを用いることができる。p形不純物として、ボロンを用いることができる。ゲート電極30は、ポリシリコンなどの導電材料を含む。ゲート絶縁層31は、酸化シリコンなどの絶縁材料を含む。下部電極10及び上部電極20は、チタン、タングステン、アルミニウムなどの金属を含む。
実施形態に係る半導体装置100の製造方法の一例を説明する。まず、n+形半導体層8aとn-形半導体層1aとを含む基板Subを用意する。n-形半導体層1aは、n+形半導体層8aの上に設けられている。基板Subの上面にp形不純物をイオン注入し、p形半導体領域2aを形成する。反応性イオンエッチング(RIE)により、基板Subの上面に開口OP1を形成する。開口OP1は、X方向において複数形成され、それぞれの開口OP1は、Y方向に延びている。開口OP1は、X方向において、n-形半導体層1aの一部及びp形半導体領域2aと並ぶ。
半導体装置100は、n-形ドリフト領域1、p形ベース領域2、及びn+形半導体領域3からなるnpn寄生バイポーラトランジスタ(以下、寄生トランジスタという)を含む。上述した通り、アバランシェ降伏時には、正孔がp形ベース領域2及びp+形コンタクト領域4を通して排出される。このとき、正孔に対する電気抵抗が低いほど、正孔の流れによる電圧降下を低減できる。電圧降下の低減により、p形ベース領域2の電位の上昇が抑制され、寄生トランジスタの動作を抑制できる。
図6は、第1実施形態の第1変形例に係る半導体装置の一部を表す断面図である。
図6に表した半導体装置110は、半導体装置100と比較して、p+形コンタクト領域5a(第5半導体領域)及びp+形コンタクト領域5bをさらに含む。
図7は、第1実施形態の第2変形例に係る半導体装置の一部を表す断面図である。
図7に表した半導体装置120は、半導体装置100と比較して、p+形コンタクト領域6a(第6半導体領域)及びp+形コンタクト領域6bをさらに含む。
図8は、第1実施形態の第3変形例に係る半導体装置を表す斜視断面図である。
図8に表した半導体装置130は、半導体装置100と比較して、導電部35をさらに含む。
図9は、第2実施形態に係る半導体装置を表す斜視断面図である。
図9に表した半導体装置200は、n+形ドレイン領域8に代えて、p+形コレクタ領域7(第7半導体領域)及びn形バッファ領域9を含む点で、半導体装置100と異なる。半導体装置200は、IGBTである。
下部電極10に、上部電極20に対して正の電圧が印加された状態で、ゲート電極30に閾値より高い電圧を印加する。p形ベース領域2にチャネル(反転層)が形成される。電子は、チャネル及びn-形ドリフト領域1を通って下部電極10へ流れる。正孔は、下部電極10からn-形ドリフト領域1に注入される。これにより、半導体装置200がオン状態になる。n-形ドリフト領域1に電子及び正孔が注入され、電導度変調が生じることで、半導体装置200の電気抵抗が大きく低下する。その後、ゲート電極30に印加される電圧が閾値よりも低くなると、p形ベース領域2におけるチャネルが消滅し、半導体装置200がオフ状態になる。
図10は、第3実施形態に係る半導体装置を表す奢侈断面図である。
第3実施形態に係る半導体装置300は、第1部分21及び第2部分22に代えて第1絶縁部41及び第2絶縁部42を含む点で半導体装置100と異なる。
Claims (8)
- 第1電極と、
前記第1電極の上に設けられ、前記第1電極と電気的に接続された第1導電形の第1半導体領域と、
前記第1半導体領域の上に設けられた第2導電形の第2半導体領域と、
前記第2半導体領域の一部の上に設けられた第1導電形の第3半導体領域と、
前記第2半導体領域の別の一部の上に設けられ、前記第3半導体領域よりも下方に位置し、前記第2半導体領域よりも高い第2導電形の不純物濃度を有する第2導電形の第4半導体領域と、
前記第1半導体領域から前記第2半導体領域に向かう第1方向に垂直な第2方向において、ゲート絶縁層を介して、前記第1半導体領域の一部、前記第2半導体領域、及び前記第3半導体領域の一部と並ぶゲート電極と、
前記ゲート電極、前記第3半導体領域、及び前記第4半導体領域の上に設けられ、前記第3半導体領域及び前記第4半導体領域と電気的に接続された第2電極であって、
前記第2方向において互いに離れ、間に前記第4半導体領域が位置する第1部分及び第2部分と、
前記第1部分及び前記第2部分の上に設けられ、前記第3半導体領域と前記第2方向において並ぶ第3部分と、
を含み、前記第4半導体領域は前記第1部分、前記第2部分、及び前記第3部分と接する、前記第2電極と、
を備えた半導体装置。 - 前記第1部分と接する第2導電形の第5半導体領域をさらに備え、
前記第5半導体領域における第2導電形の不純物濃度は、前記第2半導体領域における第2導電形の不純物濃度よりも高く、
前記第5半導体領域は、前記ゲート絶縁層から離れ、
前記第1部分は、前記第2方向において、前記第4半導体領域と前記第5半導体領域との間に位置する請求項1記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第5半導体領域における第2導電形の不純物濃度は、前記第4半導体領域における第2導電形の不純物濃度よりも低い請求項2記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第1部分の下端及び前記第2部分の下端は、前記第1方向において前記第1半導体領域から離れ、前記第2半導体領域と接する請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第1部分の底部と前記第2半導体領域との間に設けられた第2導電形の第6半導体領域をさらに備え、
前記第6半導体領域における第2導電形の不純物濃度は、前記第2半導体領域における第2導電形の不純物濃度よりも高く、
前記第6半導体領域は、前記第1部分と接する請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第1部分の前記第2方向における長さに対する、前記第1部分の前記第1方向における長さの比は、1よりも大きく且つ20よりも小さく、
前記第2部分の前記第2方向における長さに対する、前記第2部分の前記第1方向における長さの比は、1よりも大きく且つ20よりも小さい請求項1~5のいずれか1つに記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第1部分の前記第2方向における長さ及び前記第2部分の前記第2方向における長さのそれぞれは、前記第4半導体領域の前記第2方向における長さよりも短い請求項1~6のいずれか1つに記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第1電極と前記第1半導体領域との間に設けられた第2導電形の第7半導体領域をさらに備えた請求項1~7のいずれか1つに記載の半導体装置。
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