JP2021113334A - 硬化性樹脂組成物、およびその硬化物 - Google Patents
硬化性樹脂組成物、およびその硬化物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021113334A JP2021113334A JP2021076755A JP2021076755A JP2021113334A JP 2021113334 A JP2021113334 A JP 2021113334A JP 2021076755 A JP2021076755 A JP 2021076755A JP 2021076755 A JP2021076755 A JP 2021076755A JP 2021113334 A JP2021113334 A JP 2021113334A
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- acrylate
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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Images
Classifications
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/671—Unsaturated compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/672—Esters of acrylic or alkyl acrylic acid having only one group containing active hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
- B29C64/129—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態の硬化性組成物に含まれる多官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートは、分子内に少なくとも2個の(メタ)アクリロイル基と少なくとも2個のウレタン基とを有するウレタン(メタ)アクリレートである。
本実施形態の硬化性樹脂組成物に含まれる単官能ラジカル重合性化合物は、分子内に1個のラジカル重合性官能基を有するラジカル重合性化合物である。ラジカル重合性官能基としては、エチレン性不飽和基が挙げられる。具体的に、エチレン性不飽和基としては、(メタ)アクリロイル基、ビニル基、などが挙げられる。なお、本明細書において、(メタ)アクリロイル基とは、アクリロイル基またはメタクリロイル基を意味する。
本実施形態の硬化性組成物に含まれてもよい多官能ラジカル重合性化合物は、分子内に2個以上のラジカル重合性官能基を有する。ここで、多官能ラジカル重合性化合物は、前記多官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートを含まない。そして、多官能ラジカル重合性化合物には、ラジカル重合性官能基当量が300g/eq未満である多官能ラジカル重合性化合物と、ラジカル重合性官能基当量が300g/eq以上である多官能ラジカル重合性化合物とが含まれる。本実施形態において、ラジカル重合性官能基当量とは、ラジカル重合性官能基1個あたりの分子量を示す値である。以下、ラジカル重合性官能基当量が300g/eq未満であるラジカル重合性化合物とラジカル重合性官能基当量が300g/eq以上であるラジカル重合性化合物とを区別する必要のない場合には、単に多官能ラジカル重合性化合物と記述する。
本実施形態の硬化性樹脂組成物は、ゴム粒子を含有させることにより、硬化物の耐衝撃性を著しく向上させることができる。
ゲル分率(%)=W2/W1×100
ラジカル重合開始剤は、光ラジカル重合開始剤や熱ラジカル重合開始剤を用いることができる。
本実施形態の硬化性樹脂組成物には、本発明の目的、効果を損なわない範囲において、その他の任意成分として各種の添加剤が含有されていてもよい。添加剤の添加量としては、多官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートと単官能ラジカル重合性化合物と多官能ラジカル重合性化合物の合計100質量部に対して、0.05質量部以上25質量部以下であることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.1質量部以上20質量部以下である。例えば、硬化物に所望の物性を付与するための物性改質剤として、エポキシ樹脂、ポリウレタン、ポリクロロプレン、ポリエステル、ポリシロキサン、石油樹脂、キシレン樹脂、ケトン樹脂、セルロース樹脂などの樹脂、あるいはポリカーボネート、変性ポリフェニレンエーテル、ポリアミド、ポリアセタール、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、超高分子量ポリエチレン、ポリフェニルスルホン、ポリスルホン、ポリアリレート、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリアミドイミド、液晶ポリマー、ポリトラフルオロエチレン、ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン、ポリフッ化ビニリデンなどのエンジニアリングプラスチック、フッ素系オリゴマー、シリコーン系オリゴマー、ポリスルフィド系オリゴマー、金、銀、鉛などの軟質金属、黒鉛、二硫化モリブデン、二硫化タングステン、窒化ホウ素、フッ化黒鉛、フッ化カルシウム、フッ化バリウム、フッ化リチウム、窒化ケイ素、セレン化モリブデンなどの層状結晶構造物質を添加しても良い。
本実施形態の硬化性樹脂組成物は、多官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレート、単官能ラジカル重合性化合物、ゴム粒子、およびラジカル重合開始剤、並びに、必要に応じて多官能ラジカル重合性化合物、その他の任意成分の適量を攪拌容器に仕込んで攪拌する。攪拌温度は、通常20℃以上120℃以下、好ましくは40℃以上100℃以下である。そして、必要に応じて揮発性の溶剤等を除去することにより製造することができる。
本実施形態の樹脂硬化物は、前述の硬化性樹脂組成物を、活性エネルギー線照射や熱照射といった公知の方法を用いて硬化せしめることで得ることができる。活性エネルギー線としては、紫外・可視光線、電子線、X線、放射線などを挙げることができる。なかでも、入手が容易な点と、光ラジカル重合開始剤との相性の点で、300nm以上450nm以下の波長を有する紫外・可視光線を好ましく用いることができる。紫外・可視光線の光源としては、紫外・可視光線レーザー(例えばArレーザー、He−Cdレーザーなど)、水銀ランプ、キセノンランプ、ハロゲンランプ、蛍光灯などを使用することができる。なかでも、レーザー光源が、エネルギーレベルを高めて造形時間を短縮でき、しかも集光性に優れていて高い造形精度を得ることができる点から、好ましく採用される。硬化方法は、硬化性樹脂組成物が含有するラジカル重合開始剤の種類に合わせて適宜選択することができる。また、硬化方法は単独でも、複数組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本実施形態の硬化性樹脂組成物は、光造形法の造形材料として好適に用いることができる。本実施形態の硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化せしめてなる立体造形物は、公知の光造形法および装置を用いて作製することができる。好ましい光造形法の代表例としては、三次元モデルの三次元形状データから生成したスライスデータに基づいて、硬化性樹脂組成物を層毎に光硬化させて造形物を造形する工程を有する方法である。具体的には、液状の硬化性樹脂組成物に所望のパターンを有する硬化層が得られるように、スライスデータに基づいて前記活性エネルギー線を選択的に照射して硬化層を形成する。次いで、この硬化層に接して、液状の硬化性樹脂組成物からなる未硬化層を供給し、同様にスライスデータに基づいて前記活性エネルギー光線を照射して前記の硬化層と連続した硬化層を新たに形成する。この積層工程を繰り返すことによって最終的に三次元モデルに対応した目的とする立体的造形物を得る方法を挙げることができる。
以下、実施例および比較例にて使用した材料を列記する。
A−1:二官能ウレタンアクリレート;「KAYARAD UX−6101」(日本化薬社製、重量平均分子量(実測値):6.7×103)
A−2:二官能ウレタンアクリレート;「KAYARAD UX−8101」(日本化薬社製、重量平均分子量(実測値):3.3×103)
A−3:二官能ウレタンアクリレート;「UA−122P」(新中村化学社製、重量平均分子量(実測値):2.3×103)
A−4:二官能ウレタンアクリレート;「KUA−PC2I」(ケーエスエム社製、重量平均分子量(実測値):2.3×103)
A−5:以下に記載の方法で製造したウレタン(メタ)アクリレート(重量平均分子量(実測値):7.1×103)
((A−5)の製造)
ガラス容器に、ポリカーボネートジオール(T6002:旭化成社製、水酸基価:57.6mgKOH/g)100質量部および2−イソシアナトエチルアクリラート(AOI−VM:昭和電工社製)15質量部を仕込み、触媒としてジブチル錫ジラウレート0.020質量部を加えて60℃で撹拌して2時間反応させた。その後、常温まで冷却することにより、反応生成物として白色固体を得た。
B−1:アクリロイルモルフォリン;「ACMO」(KJケミカルズ社製)
B−2:N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド;「NIPAM」(KJケミカルズ社製)
B−3:イソボルニルメタクリレート
B−4:アクリロイルピペリジン
B−5:N−フェニルメタクリルアミド
B−6:N−フェニルアクリルアミド
B−7:N−tert−ブチルメタクリルアミド
B−8:N−tert−ブチルアクリルアミド
B−9:N,N−ジエチルアクリルアミド;「DEAA」(KJケミカルズ社製)
B−10:N−フェミルマレイミド;「imilex−P」(株式会社日本触媒製)
B−11:N−シクロヘキシルマレイミド;「imilex−C」(株式会社日本触媒製)
B−12:メタクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル
B−13:メタクリル酸メチル
B−14:ジシクロペンテニルアクリレート
B−15:メタクリル酸 1H,1H,5H−オクタフルオロペンチル
B−16:スチレン
B−17:グリシジルメタクリレート
B−18:(3−エチルオキセタン−3−イル)メチルメタクリレート
B−19:α−アリルオキシメチルアクリル酸メチル
B−20:3−ヒドロキシ−1−アダマンチルメタアクリレート
C−1:ヒドロキシピバリン酸ネオペンチルグリコールのカプロラクトン2モル付加物のジアクリル酸エステル;「KAYARAD HX−220」(分子量:540.65,ラジカル重合性官能基当量:270g/eq,日本化薬社製)
C−2:ウレタンジメタクリレート(分子量:470.56,ラジカル重合性官能基当量:235g/eq,シグマ−アルドリッチ社製)
C−3:エトキシ化イソシアヌル酸トリアクリレート;「A―9300」(分子量:423,ラジカル重合性官能基当量:141g/eq,新中村化学工業社製)
C−4:ポリカーボネートジオールジアクリレート「UM−90(1/3)DM」(分子量:約900,ラジカル重合性官能基当量:約450g/eq,宇部興産社製)
E−1:光ラジカル発生剤;「Irgacure819」(BASF社製)
ゴム粒子は以下に示す製造例で製造した。
ガラス容器に、ポリブタジエンラテックス(Nipol LX111A2:日本ゼオン社製)185質量部(ポリブタジエンゴム粒子100質量部相当)および脱イオン水315質量部を仕込み、窒素置換を行いながら60℃で撹拌した。エチレンジアミン四酢酸二ナトリウム(EDTA)0.005質量部、硫酸第一鉄・7水和塩0.001質量部、およびナトリウムホルムアルデヒドスルホキシレート0.2質量部を加えた後、シェル層を形成するラジカル重合性化合物35質量部(メチルメタクリレート;MMA 17.5質量部、3−メチル−3−オキセタニル−メチルメタクリレート;OXMA:宇部興産社製17.5質量部)、およびクメンヒドロパーオキサイド0.1質量部の混合物を2時間かけて連続的に添加することにより、ポリブタジエンゴムの粒子の表面にラジカル重合性化合物をグラフト重合した。添加終了後、さらに2時間撹拌して反応を終了させ、ポリブタジエンゴムをコア、ラジカル重合性化合物の重合体をシェルとして有するコアシェル構造を有するゴム粒子の水分散液を得た。
シェル層を形成するラジカル重合性化合物の組成をMMA35質量部に変えた以外は、製造例1同様にしてコアシェル構造を有するゴム粒子(D−2)のアセトン分散液を得た。ゴム粒子(D−2)の平均粒径は0.30μmであった。
表1に示す配合比にて各化合物とラジカル重合開始剤を配合し、均一に混合した。この配合物中に、ゴム粒子のアセトン分散液を混合し、回転式の蒸発装置を用いて揮発分であるアセトンを除去することによって硬化性樹脂組成物を得た。
調製した硬化性樹脂組成物から、下記の方法で硬化物を作成した。まず、二枚の石英ガラスの間に長さ80mm、幅10mm、厚さ4mmの金型を挟み、ここに硬化性樹脂組成物を流し込んだ。流し込んだ硬化性樹脂組成物に対して紫外線照射機(HOYA CANDEO OPTRONICS社製、商品名「LIGHT SOURCE EXECURE3000」)で5mW/cm2の紫外線を金型の両面から交互に180秒間ずつ4回照射した。得られた硬化物を50℃の加熱オーブン内に入れて1時間、100℃の加熱オーブン内に入れて2時間熱処理を行うことで、長さ80mm、幅10mm、厚さ4mmの試験片を得た。
[多官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートの重量平均分子量の測定]
ゲルパーミエションクロマトグラフィー(Gel Permeation Chromatography;GPC)装置(東ソー社製、HLC−8220GPC)に、Shodex GPC LF−804カラム(昭和電工社製、排除限界分子量:2×106、分離範囲:300〜2×106)を2本直列に配置した。40℃、展開溶媒としてTHFを用い、RI(Refractive Index、示差屈折率)検出器により、多官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートA−1〜A−5の重量平均分子量を測定した。得られた重量平均分子量は標準ポリスチレン換算値である。
粒度分布計(マルバーン社製、ゼータサイザーナノZS)を用いて、ガラス製セルにゴム粒子(D−1)の希薄アセトン分散液を約1ml入れて25℃で測定した。結果として得られるZ−averageサイズを平均粒径とした。ゴム粒子(D−2)の平均粒径についても同様に求めた。
試験片について、JIS K 7191−2に準じて、荷重たわみ温度試験機(東洋精機製作所製、商品名「No.533 HDT 試験装置 3M−2」)を用い、曲げ応力1.80MPaで、室温から2℃毎分で昇温した。試験片のたわみ量が0.34mmに達した温度を荷重たわみ温度とし、耐熱性の指標とした。得られた結果を表1に示す。耐熱性の評価は、荷重撓み温度が80℃以上のものをA(非常に良好)、60℃以上80℃未満のものをB(良好)、60℃未満のものをC(不良)とした。
JIS K 7111に準じて、切欠き形成機(東洋精機製作所製、商品名「ノッチングツール A−4」)にて試験片の中央部に深さ2mm、45°の切欠き(ノッチ)を入れた。衝撃試験機(東洋精機製作所製、商品名「IMPACT TESTER IT」)を用い、試験片の切欠きの背面から2Jのエネルギーで破壊する。150°まで振り上げたハンマーが試験片破壊後に振りあがる角度から破壊に要したエネルギーを算出し、それをシャルピー衝撃強さとし、耐衝撃性の指標とした。得られた結果を表1に示す。耐衝撃性の評価は、シャルピー衝撃強さが12kJ/m2以上のものをA(非常に良好)、8kJ/m2以上12kJ/m2未満のものをB(良好)、8kJ/m2未満のものをC(不良)とした。
11 島相/連続相
12 島相/連続相
Claims (14)
- 重量平均分子量が1000以上60000以下である多官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートと、
分子内に1個のラジカル重合性官能基を有する単官能ラジカル重合性化合物と、
ゴム粒子と、
ラジカル重合開始剤と、を含有する硬化性樹脂組成物。 - さらに多官能ラジカル重合性化合物を含む請求項1に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物であって、
前記多官能ラジカル重合性化合物は前記多官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートを含まず、
前記単官能ラジカル重合性化合物と、前記多官能ラジカル重合性化合物との合計100質量部に対する、ラジカル重合性官能基当量が300g/eq未満である前記多官能ラジカル重合性化合物の含有量が、0質量部より多く20質量部未満であることを特徴とする硬化性樹脂組成物。 - 前記多官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートと前記単官能ラジカル重合性化合物と前記多官能ラジカル重合性化合物との合計100質量部に対して、前記多官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートの含有量が5質量部以上70質量部以下であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記多官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートと前記単官能ラジカル重合性化合物と前記多官能ラジカル重合性化合物との合計100質量部に対して、前記ゴム粒子の含有量が2質量部以上65質量部以下であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記単官能ラジカル重合性化合物が、少なくとも単官能アクリルアミド系化合物および単官能(メタ)アクリレート系化合物からなる群から選ばれることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記単官能ラジカル重合性化合物の100質量部に対して、前記単官能アクリルアミド系化合物および前記単官能(メタ)アクリレート系化合物の含有量が5質量部以上100質量部以下であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記ゴム粒子の平均粒径が、20nm以上10μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記ゴム粒子がコアシェル構造を有し、シェルが(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する単官能ラジカル重合性化合物の重合体を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記ゴム粒子のコアが、ブタジエンゴム粒子、架橋ブタジエンゴム、スチレン/ブタジエン共重合ゴム、アクリルゴムおよびシリコーン/アクリル複合ゴムの少なくともいずれか1つからなることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記ゴム粒子のシェルが、さらに前記多官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートの重合体または前記多官能ラジカル重合性化合物の重合体を含むことを特徴とする請求項8または9に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記ゴム粒子のコアとシェルの質量比率は、コア100質量部に対して、シェルが1質量部以上200質量部以下であることを特徴とする請求項8から10のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化する硬化物の製造方法。
- 多官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートと、分子内に1個のラジカル重合性官能基を有する単官能ラジカル重合性化合物との重合体を含む海相と、ゴム粒子を含む島相/連続相とを有し、
前記島相/連続相の内部に、前記多官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートと、前記単官能ラジカル重合性化合物との重合体、および前記多官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートと、前記単官能ラジカル重合性化合物と、ラジカル重合性官能基当量が300g/eq未満である前記多官能ラジカル重合性化合物との重合体からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一方が点在していることを特徴とする樹脂硬化物。 - 前記単官能ラジカル重合性化合物が、単官能アクリルアミド系化合物および単官能(メタ)アクリレート系化合物からなる群から選ばれることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の樹脂硬化物。
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