JP2020029829A - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置及び排気浄化方法 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置及び排気浄化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0835—Hydrocarbons
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- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N9/005—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus using models instead of sensors to determine operating characteristics of exhaust systems, e.g. calculating catalyst temperature instead of measuring it directly
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1439—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
- F02D41/1441—Plural sensors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/18—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an adsorber or absorber
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- F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
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Abstract
Description
最初に図1〜図4を参照して、本発明の第一実施形態について説明する。
図1は、本発明の第一実施形態に係る内燃機関の排気浄化装置が用いられる内燃機関50を概略的に示す図である。図1に示される内燃機関50は火花点火式内燃機関(例えばガソリンエンジン)である。内燃機関50は車両に搭載される。
以下、本発明の第一実施形態に係る内燃機関の排気浄化装置(以下、単に「排気浄化装置」という)について説明する。
FA=IA/TAF …(1)
以下、図4のフローチャートを参照して、本実施形態においてHC及びNOxを浄化するための空燃比制御について説明する。図4は、第一実施形態における空燃比制御の制御ルーチンを示すフローチャートである。本制御ルーチンはECU30によって所定の実行間隔で繰り返し実行される。
Dc=vdH/(vex+vdH)…(2)
vdH=AdH・exp(−EdH(1−CH・θ)/RT)・θ・φ…(3)
TAF=AFst+ΔAF…(4)
AF=(a/(PCO+Pco2+PHC))・(1−PH2O−bPCO+cPco2−PHC)…(5)
PH2O=d・r・(PCO+Pco2)/(1+PCO/(e・Pco2)+d・r・(PCO+Pco2))…(6)
第二実施形態における内燃機関の排気浄化装置及び排気浄化方法は、以下に説明する点を除いて、基本的に第一実施形態における内燃機関の排気浄化装置及び排気浄化方法と同様である。このため、以下、本発明の第二実施形態について、第一実施形態と異なる部分を中心に説明する。
以下、図6のフローチャートを参照して、本実施形態においてHC及びNOxを浄化するための空燃比制御について説明する。図6は、第二実施形態における空燃比制御の制御ルーチンを示すフローチャートである。本制御ルーチンはECU30によって所定の実行間隔で繰り返し実行される。
第三実施形態における内燃機関の排気浄化装置及び排気浄化方法は、以下に説明する点を除いて、基本的に第一実施形態における内燃機関の排気浄化装置及び排気浄化方法と同様である。このため、以下、本発明の第三実施形態について、第一実施形態と異なる部分を中心に説明する。
図9A〜図9Cは、第三実施形態における空燃比制御の制御ルーチンを示すフローチャートである。本制御ルーチンはECU30’によって所定の実行間隔で繰り返し実行される。
M=∫(va−vd)dt…(7)
va=Aa・exp(−Ea/RT)・P・(1−θ)・φ…(8)
vd=Ad・exp(−Ed(1−C・θ)/RT)・θ・φ…(9)
以上、本発明に係る好適な実施形態を説明したが、本発明はこれら実施形態に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲の記載内で様々な修正及び変更を施すことができる。例えば、HC吸着材及びNOx吸着材の温度差が小さければ、HC吸着材とNOx吸着材とは、別体であってもよい。例えば、HC吸着材とNOx吸着材とは別個のケーシングに収容されていてもよい。この場合、第二実施形態において、HC吸着材を加熱するHC吸着材加熱装置と、NOx吸着材を加熱するNOx吸着材加熱装置とが別個に設けられてもよい。
24 触媒
30 ECU
31 空燃比制御部
32 HC濃度算出部
Claims (6)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に配置されると共に排気ガス中のHCを吸着するHC吸着材と、
前記排気通路に配置されると共に排気ガス中のNOxを吸着するNOx吸着材と、
前記排気通路において前記HC吸着材及び前記NOx吸着材よりも排気流れ方向下流側に配置されると共に所定空燃比においてHC及びNOxを浄化する触媒と、
排気ガスの空燃比を制御する空燃比制御部と、
前記HC吸着材から脱離するHCの濃度を算出するHC濃度算出部と
を備え、
前記HC吸着材におけるHCの脱離温度のピークと、前記NOx吸着材におけるNOxの脱離温度のピークとが略同一であり、
前記空燃比制御部は、前記HC吸着材からHCが脱離するとき、前記HC濃度算出部によって算出された前記HCの濃度に基づいて、前記触媒に流入する流入排気ガスの空燃比を前記所定空燃比に制御する、内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記HC吸着材を加熱する吸着材加熱装置と、
前記吸着材加熱装置を制御する吸着材加熱部と
を更に備え、
前記吸着材加熱部は、前記空燃比制御部が、前記HC濃度算出部によって算出された前記HCの濃度に基づいて、前記排気ガスの空燃比を前記所定空燃比に制御するとき、前記吸着材加熱装置によって前記HC吸着材の温度を前記HCの脱離温度近傍に維持する、請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記触媒よりも排気流れ方向上流側の前記排気通路に空気を供給する空気供給装置を更に備え、
前記空燃比制御部は、前記HC濃度算出部によって算出された前記HCの濃度に基づいて、前記空気供給装置を用いて前記流入排気ガスの空燃比を前記所定空燃比に制御する、請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記触媒は三元触媒であり、
前記空燃比制御部は、前記HC吸着材へのHCの吸着量が予め定められたHC基準量以下であり且つ前記NOx吸着材へのNOxの吸着量が予め定められたNOx基準量よりも多い場合には、前記内燃機関の機関本体から排出される排気ガスの空燃比を理論空燃比に制御する、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記触媒は三元触媒であり、
前記空燃比制御部は、前記HC吸着材へのHCの吸着量が予め定められたHC基準量よりも多く且つ前記NOx吸着材へのNOxの吸着量が予め定められたNOx基準量以下である場合には、前記内燃機関の機関本体から排出される排気ガスの空燃比を理論空燃比よりもリーンに制御する、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 内燃機関の排気通路に配置されると共に排気ガス中のHCを吸着するHC吸着材と、前記排気通路に配置されると共に排気ガス中のNOxを吸着するNOx吸着材と、前記排気通路において前記HC吸着材及び前記NOx吸着材よりも排気流れ方向下流側に配置されると共に所定空燃比においてHC及びNOxを浄化する触媒とを用いた排気浄化方法であって、
前記HC吸着材からHCが脱離するとき、前記HC吸着材から脱離するHCの濃度に基づいて、前記触媒に流入する排気ガスの空燃比を前記所定空燃比に制御することを含み、
前記HC吸着材におけるHCの脱離温度のピークと、前記NOx吸着材におけるNOxの脱離温度のピークとが略同一である、排気浄化方法。
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