JP2019524640A - 抗Ror2抗体、抗体断片、それらの免疫コンジュゲートおよびそれらの使用 - Google Patents
抗Ror2抗体、抗体断片、それらの免疫コンジュゲートおよびそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019524640A JP2019524640A JP2018559715A JP2018559715A JP2019524640A JP 2019524640 A JP2019524640 A JP 2019524640A JP 2018559715 A JP2018559715 A JP 2018559715A JP 2018559715 A JP2018559715 A JP 2018559715A JP 2019524640 A JP2019524640 A JP 2019524640A
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- 229960001727 tretinoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004043 trisaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004917 tyrosine kinase inhibitor derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229960002066 vinorelbine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CILBMBUYJCWATM-PYGJLNRPSA-N vinorelbine ditartrate Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O.C1N(CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC([C@]23[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC CILBMBUYJCWATM-PYGJLNRPSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
H1配列は、GYTX1TEX2X3X4H(配列番号1)またはGYSITTGX29YWN(配列番号4)であり;
H2配列は、X5X6X7X8NNGGTGYNQKFKG(配列番号2)またはYITYDGSX30NYNPSLKN(配列番号5)であり;
H3配列は、X9X10X11SX12YX13YX14X15SYFX16X17X18(配列番号3)またはCSX31X32X33X34VX35X36X37LDX38(配列番号6)であり;
X1は、FまたはEであり、
X2は、YまたはDであり、
X3は、TまたはCであり、
X4は、MまたはDまたはEまたはYであり、
X5は、GまたはSであり、
X6は、IまたはEであり、
X7は、NまたはCまたはLまたはVであり、
X8は、TまたはDまたはEであり、
X9は、AまたはMまたはTであり、
X10は、RまたはHであり、
X11は、GまたはEであり、
X12は、LまたはFであり、
X13は、SまたはGであり、
X14は、GまたはDであり、
X15は、NまたはEであり、
X16は、DまたはLであり、
X17は、YまたはCまたはTであり、
X18は、WまたはLであり、
X29は、YまたはEまたはRまたはTであり、
X30は、KまたはNであり、
X31は、RまたはGまたはHまたはWまたはYであり、
X32は、FまたはCまたはNまたはQであり、
X33は、EまたはSであり、
X34は、GまたはEまたはFまたはHまたはMまたはQまたはSであり、
X35は、WまたはAまたはIまたはPまたはQまたはTまたはVであり、
X36は、YまたはGまたはNまたはQであり、
X37は、GまたはSまたはTであり、
X38は、YまたはIである。
L1配列は、SATSSX19X20X21MX22(配列番号7)またはRASESVDRYGNSX39IH(配列番号10)であり;
L2配列は、X23TSNLAS(配列番号8)またはX40TYX41LES(配列番号11)であり;
L3配列は、QX24X25SX26YPFX27X28(配列番号9)またはQQX42NX43DPX44TX45(配列番号12)であり;
X19は、VまたはEであり、
X20は、SまたはDであり、
X21は、YまたはCまたはDであり、
X22は、HまたはGまたはLであり、
X23は、GまたはCまたはHまたはPであり、
X24は、QまたはEであり、
X25は、RまたはHであり、
X26は、SまたはDまたはGまたはIまたはQまたはVであり、
X27は、TまたはDであり、
X28は、FまたはDまたはEであり、
X39は、FまたはSまたはTであり、
X40は、RまたはCまたはDまたはEまたはWであり、
X41は、NまたはDであり、
X42は、TまたはIまたはPであり、
X43は、EまたはVであり、
X44は、WまたはTであり、
X45は、FまたはTである、
単離軽鎖可変領域と組み合わせられている。
本明細書において提供される実施例の理解を容易にするため、ある高頻度に使用される用語を本明細書において定義する。
分数(X/Y)の100倍
(式中、Xは、配列アラインメントプログラムALIGN−2によりAおよびBのそのプログラムのアラインメントにおいて同一マッチとしてスコアリングされたアミノ酸残基の数であり、Yは、B中のアミノ酸残基の総数である)。アミノ酸配列Aの長さがアミノ酸配列Bの長さと等しくない場合、AのBに対する%アミノ酸配列同一性は、BのAに対する%アミノ酸配列同一性と等しくないことが認識される。特に具体的に記述されない限り、本明細書において使用される全ての%アミノ酸配列同一性値は、ALIGN−2コンピュータプログラムを使用して直前の段落に記載のとおりに得られる。
例示を目的として、種々の例示的実施形態を参照して本発明の原理を説明する。本発明のある実施形態が本明細書において具体的に説明されるが、当業者は、同一原理が他の系および方法において同様に適用可能であり、用いることができることを容易に認識する。本発明の開示される実施形態を詳細に説明する前に、本発明は、示される任意の特定の実施形態の詳細にその適用が限定されないことを理解すべきである。さらに、本明細書において使用される用語は説明を目的とするものであり、限定を目的とするものではない。さらに、ある方法は本明細書においてある順序で提示されるステップを参照して記載されるが、多くの場合、当業者が理解し得るとおり、これらのステップは任意の順序で実施することができ;したがって、新規方法は、本明細書に開示の特定のステップの順に限定されるものではない。
一態様において、本発明は、ヒトRor2タンパク質に特異的に結合する単離重鎖可変領域ポリペプチドを提供する。重鎖可変領域ポリペプチドは、3つの相補性決定領域H1、H2、およびH3配列を含み、
H1配列は、GYTX1TEX2X3X4H(配列番号1)またはGYSITTGX29YWN(配列番号4)であり;
H2配列は、X5X6X7X8NNGGTGYNQKFKG(配列番号2)またはYITYDGSX30NYNPSLKN(配列番号5)であり;
H3配列は、X9X10X11SX12YX13YX14X15SYFX16X17X18(配列番号3)またはCSX31X32X33X34VX35X36X37LDX38(配列番号6)であり;
X1は、FまたはEであり、
X2は、YまたはDであり、
X3は、TまたはCであり、
X4は、MまたはDまたはEまたはYであり、
X5は、GまたはSであり、
X6は、IまたはEであり、
X7は、NまたはCまたはLまたはVであり、
X8は、TまたはDまたはEであり、
X9は、AまたはMまたはTであり、
X10は、RまたはHであり、
X11は、GまたはEであり、
X12は、LまたはFであり、
X13は、SまたはGであり、
X14は、GまたはDであり、
X15は、NまたはEであり、
X16は、DまたはLであり、
X17は、YまたはCまたはTであり、
X18は、WまたはLであり、
X29は、YまたはEまたはRまたはTであり、
X30は、KまたはNであり、
X31は、RまたはGまたはHまたはWまたはYであり、
X32は、FまたはCまたはNまたはQであり、
X33は、EまたはSであり、
X34は、GまたはEまたはFまたはHまたはMまたはQまたはSであり、
X35は、WまたはAまたはIまたはPまたはQまたはTまたはVであり、
X36は、YまたはGまたはNまたはQであり、
X37は、GまたはSまたはTであり、
X38は、YまたはIである。
L1配列は、SATSSX19X20X21MX22(配列番号7)またはRASESVDRYGNSX39IH(配列番号10)であり;
L2配列は、X23TSNLAS(配列番号8)またはX40TYX41LES(配列番号11)であり;
L3配列は、QX24X25SX26YPFX27X28(配列番号9)またはQQX42NX43DPX44TX45(配列番号12)であり;
X19は、VまたはEであり、
X20は、SまたはDであり、
X21は、YまたはCまたはDであり、
X22は、HまたはGまたはLであり、
X23は、GまたはCまたはHまたはPであり、
X24は、QまたはEであり、
X25は、RまたはHであり、
X26は、SまたはDまたはGまたはIまたはQまたはVであり、
X27は、TまたはDであり、
X28は、FまたはDまたはEであり、
X39は、FまたはSまたはTであり、
X40は、RまたはCまたはDまたはEまたはWであり、
X41は、NまたはDであり、
X42は、TまたはIまたはPであり、
X43は、EまたはVであり、
X44は、WまたはTであり、
X45は、FまたはTである。
ある実施形態において、1つ以上のアミノ酸置換を有する抗体または抗体断片バリアントが提供される。置換突然変異誘発のための目的部位としては、CDRおよびフレームワーク領域(FR)が挙げられる。保存的置換を「保存的置換」という見出しで表3に示す。より実質的な変化を、「例示的な置換」という見出しで表3に提供し、アミノ酸側鎖のクラスに関してさらに以下に記載する。アミノ酸置換を目的の抗体または抗体断片に導入することができ、その生成物を、所望の活性、例えば、抗原結合の保持/改善、または免疫原性の減少についてスクリーニングすることができる。
(1)疎水性:ノルロイシン、Met、Ala、Val、Leu、Ile;
(2)中性の親水性:Cys、Ser、Thr、Asn、Gln;
(3)酸性:Asp、Glu;
(4)塩基性:His、Lys、Arg;
(5)鎖配向に影響を与える残基:Gly、Pro;
(6)芳香族:Trp、Tyr、Phe。
ある実施形態において、本明細書において提供される抗体は、抗体がグリコシル化される程度を増加または減少させるように変更される。抗体へのグリコシル化部位の付加または欠失は、1つ以上のグリコシル化部位が作出または除去されるようにアミノ酸配列を変更することにより簡便に達成することができる。
ある実施形態において、1つ以上のアミノ酸改変を本明細書において提供される抗体のFc領域中に導入し、それによりFc領域バリアントを生成することができる。Fc領域バリアントは、1つ以上のアミノ酸位置におけるアミノ酸改変(例えば、置換)を含むヒトFc領域配列(例えば、ヒトIgG1、IgG2、IgG3またはIgG4Fc領域)を含み得る。
ある実施形態において、抗体の1つ以上の残基がシステイン残基により置換されているシステインエンジニアリング抗体、例えば、「thioMAb」を作出することが望ましい場合がある。特定の実施形態において、置換残基は抗体のアクセス可能な部位に生じる。それらの残基をシステインにより置換することにより、反応性チオール基は、それにより抗体のアクセス可能な部位に位置され、それを使用して抗体を他の部分、例えば、薬物部分またはリンカー−薬物部分とコンジュゲートさせて本明細書においてさらに記載されるとおり免疫コンジュゲートを作出することができる。ある実施形態において、以下の残基のいずれか1つ以上をシステインにより置換することができる:軽鎖のV205(Kabat番号付け)、重鎖のA118(EU番号付け);および重鎖Fc領域の5400(EU番号付け)。システインエンジニアリング抗体は、例えば、米国特許第7,521,541号明細書に記載のとおり生成することができる。
ある実施形態において、本明細書において提供される抗体または抗体断片は、当分野において公知の容易に利用可能な追加の非タンパク質部分を含有するようにさらに改変することができる。抗体または抗体断片の誘導体化に好適な部分としては、限定されるものではないが、水溶性ポリマーが挙げられる。水溶性ポリマーの非限定的な例としては、限定されるものではないが、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、エチレングリコール/プロピレングリコールのコポリマー、カルボキシメチルセルロース、デキストラン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリ−1,3−ジオキソラン、ポリ−1,3,6−トリオキサン、エチレン/無水マレイン酸コポリマー、ポリアミノ酸(ホモポリマーまたはランダムコポリマーのいずれか)、およびデキストランまたはポリ(n−ビニルピロリドン)ポリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコールホモポリマー、ポリプロピレンオキシド/エチレンオキシドコポリマー、ポリオキシエチル化ポリオール(例えば、グリセロール)、ポリビニルアルコール、ならびにそれらの混合物が挙げられる。ポリエチレングリコールプロピオンアルデヒドは、水中でのその安定性に起因して製造上の利点を有し得る。ポリマーは、任意の分子量のものであり得、分岐でも非分岐でもよい。抗体または抗体断片に付着しているポリマーの数は変動し得、2つ以上のポリマーが付着している場合、それらは同一または異なる分子であり得る。一般に、誘導体化に使用されるポリマーの数および/またはタイプは、検討事項、例として、限定されるものではないが、改善すべき抗体または抗体断片の特定の特性または機能、その誘導体が規定の条件下で治療法において使用されるか否かなどに基づき決定することができる。
別の態様において、本発明はまた、1つ以上の細胞毒性剤、例えば、化学療法剤または化学療法薬、成長阻害剤、毒素(例えば、細菌、真菌、植物、または動物起源のタンパク質毒素、酵素活性毒素、またはそれらの断片)、または放射性同位体にコンジュゲートしている抗Ror2抗体または抗体断片を含む免疫コンジュゲートを提供する。
「リンカー」(L)は、1つ以上の部分、例えば、薬物部分(D)を抗体または抗体断片(Ab)に結合して免疫コンジュゲート、例えば、式IのADCを形成するために使用することができる二官能性または多官能性部分である。一部の実施形態において、ADCは、薬物におよび抗体に共有結合するための反応性官能基を有するリンカーを使用して調製することができる。例えば、一部の実施形態において、抗体または抗体断片(Ab)のシステインチオールは、リンカーの反応性官能基または薬物−リンカー中間体との結合を形成してADCを作製し得る。
1)メイタンシンおよびメイタンシノイド
一部の実施態様において、免疫コンジュゲートは、1つ以上のメイタンシノイド分子にコンジュゲートしている抗体を含む。メイタンシノイドはメイタンシンの誘導体であり、チューブリン重合を阻害することにより作用する有糸分裂阻害剤である。メイタンシンは、最初、東アフリカ低木のメイテナス・セラタ(Maytenus serrata)から単離された(米国特許第3896111号明細書)。続いて、ある微生物もメイタンシノイド、例えば、メイタンシノールおよびC−3メイタンシノールエステルを生成することが発見された(米国特許第4151042号明細書)。合成メイタンシノールおよびその誘導体および類似体は、例えば、米国特許第4,137,230号明細書;同第4,248,870号明細書;同第4,256,746号明細書;同第4,260,608号明細書;同第4,265,814号明細書;同第4,294,757号明細書;同第4,307,016号明細書;同第4,308,268号明細書;同第4,308,269号明細書;同第4,309,428号明細書;同第4,313,946号明細書;同第4,315,929号明細書;同第4,317,821号明細書;同第4,322,348号明細書;同第4,331,598号明細書;同第4,361,650号明細書;同第4,364,866号明細書;同第4,424,219号明細書;同第4,450,254号明細書;同第4,362,663号明細書;および同第4,371,533号明細書に開示されている。
薬物部分としては、ドラスタチン、アウリスタチン、ならびにそれらの類似体および誘導体が挙げられる(米国特許第5,635,483号明細書;米国特許第5,780,588号明細書;米国特許第5,767,237号明細書;米国特許第6,124,431号明細書)。アウリスタチンは、海産軟体動物化合物ドラスタチン−10の誘導体である。任意の特定の理論により拘束されるものではないが、ドラスタチンおよびアウリスタチンは、微小管ダイナミクス、GTP加水分解、ならびに核および細胞分裂(Woyke et al.,Antimicrob.Agents and Chemother.,vol.45,pp.3580−3584,2001)を妨げ、抗癌性(米国特許第5,663,149号明細書)および抗真菌活性(Pettit et al.,Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.,vol.42,pp.2961−2965,1998)を有することが示されている。ドラスタチン/アウリスタチン薬物部分は、ペプチド性薬物部分のN(アミノ)末端またはC(カルボキシル)末端を介して抗体に付着させることができる(国際公開第02/088172号パンフレット;Doronina et al.,Nature Biotechnology,vol.21,pp.778−784,2003;Francisco et al.,Blood,vol.102,pp.1458−1465,2003)。
R2は、HおよびC1〜C8アルキルから選択され;
R3は、H、C1〜C8アルキル、C3〜C8炭素環、アリール、C1〜C8アルキル−アリール、C1〜C8アルキル−(C3〜C8炭素環)、C3〜C8複素環およびC1〜C8アルキル−(C3〜C8複素環)から選択され;
R4は、H、C1〜C8アルキル、C3〜C8炭素環、アリール、C1〜C8アルキル−アリール、C1〜C8アルキル−(C3〜C8炭素環)、C3〜C8複素環およびC1〜C8アルキル−(C3〜C8複素環)から選択され;
R5は、Hおよびメチルから選択され;
またはR4およびR5は共同で炭素環式環を形成し、式−(CRaRb)n−(式中、RaおよびRbは、H、C1〜C8アルキルおよびC3〜C8炭素環式化合物から独立して選択され、nは、2、3、4、5および6から選択される)を有し;
R6は、HおよびC1〜C8アルキルから選択され;
R7は、H、C1〜C8アルキル、C3〜C8炭素環、アリール、C1〜C8アルキル−アリール、C1〜C8アルキル−(C3〜C8炭素環)、C3〜C8複素環およびC1〜C8アルキル−(C3〜C8複素環)から選択され;
それぞれのR8は、H、OH、C1〜C8アルキル、C3〜C8炭素環およびO−(C1〜C8アルキル)から独立して選択され;
R9は、HおよびC1〜C8アルキルから選択され;
R10は、アリールまたはC3〜C8複素環から選択され;
Zは、O、S、NH、またはNR12であり、R12は、C1〜C8アルキルであり;
R11は、H、C1〜C20アルキル、アリール、C3〜C8複素環、−(R13O)m−R14、または(R13O)m−CH(R15)2から選択され;
mは、1〜1000の範囲の整数であり;
R13は、C2〜C8アルキルであり;
R14は、HまたはC1〜C8アルキルであり;
eのそれぞれの存在は、独立してH、COOH、−(CH2)n−N(R16)2、−(CH2)n−SO3H、または(CH2)n−SO3−C1〜C8アルキルであり;
eのそれぞれの存在は、独立してH、C1〜C8アルキル、または(CH2)n−COOHであり;
R18は、−C(R8)2−C(R8)2−アリール、−C(R8)2−C(R8)2(C3〜C8複素環)、およびC(R8)2−C(R8)2(C3〜C8炭素環)から選択され;
nは0〜6の範囲の整数である)。
一部の実施態様において、免疫コンジュゲートは、1つ以上のカリケアマイシン分子にコンジュゲートしている抗体または抗体断片を含む。抗生物質のカリケアマイシンファミリー、およびそれらの類似体は、サブピコモル濃度において二本鎖DNA分解を産生し得る(Hinman et al.,Cancer Research,vol.53,pp.3336−3342,1993;Lode et al.,Cancer Research,vol.58,pp.2925−2928,1998)。カリケアマイシンは、細胞内作用部位を有するが、ある例において、細胞膜を容易に通過しない。したがって、抗体媒介内在化を介するこれらの薬剤の細胞取り込みは、一部の実施形態において、それらの細胞毒性効果を大きく向上させ得る。カリケアマイシン薬物部分を有する抗体−薬物コンジュゲートを調製する非限定的な例示的方法は、例えば、米国特許第5,712,374号明細書;米国特許第5,714,586号明細書;米国特許第5,739,116号明細書;および米国特許第5,767,285号明細書に記載されている。
一部の実施形態において、ADCは、ピロロベンゾジアゼピン(PBD)を含む。一部の実施形態において、PDB二量体は特異的DNA配列を認識し、それに結合する。天然産物アントラマイシンであるPBDは、1965年に最初に報告された(Leimgruber et al.,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,vol.87,pp.5793−5795,1965;Leimgruber et al.,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,vol.87,pp.5791−5793,1965)。それ以降、天然存在および類似体の両方の多数のPBDが報告されており(Thurston et al.,Chem.Rev.vol.1994,pp.433−465 1994)、それらとしては、三環式PBD足場の二量体(米国特許第6,884,799号明細書;米国特許第7,049,311号明細書;米国特許第7,067,511号明細書;米国特許第7,265,105号明細書;米国特許第7,511,032号明細書;米国特許第7,528,126号明細書;米国特許第7,557,099号明細書)が挙げられる。いかなる特定の理論にも拘束されるものではないが、二量体構造が、B型DNAの副溝との等螺旋性(isohelicity)に適切な三次元形状を付与し、結合部位における滑合をもたらすと考えられる(Kohn,In Antibiotics III.Springer−Verlag,New York,pp.3−11(1975);Hurley and Needham−VanDevanter,Acc.Chem.Res.,vol.19,pp.230−237,1986)。C2アリール置換基を担持する二量体PBD化合物は、細胞毒性剤として有用であることが示されている(Hartley et al Cancer Res.,vol.70,pp.6849−6858,2010;Antonow,J.Med.Chem.vol.53,pp.2927−2941,2010;Howard et al.,Bioorganic and Med.Chem.Letters,vol.19,pp.6463−6466,2009)。
波線は、リンカーへの共有結合部位を示し;
点線は、C1とC2との間またはC2とC3との間の二重結合の任意選択の存在を示し;
R2は、H、OH、=O、=CH2、CN、R、OR、=CH−RD、=C(RD)2、O−SO2−R、CO2RおよびCORから独立して選択され、場合により、ハロまたはジハロからさらに選択され、RDは、R、CO2R、COR、CHO、CO2H、およびハロから独立して選択され;
R6およびR9は、H、R、OH、OR、SH、SR、NH2、NHR、NRR’、NO2、Me3Snおよびハロから独立して選択され;
R7は、H、R、OH、OR、SH、SR、NH2、NHR、NRR’、NO2、Me3Snおよびハロから独立して選択され;
Qは、O、S、およびNHから独立して選択され、
R11は、HもしくはRのいずれかであり、またはQがOである場合、SO3Mであり、Mは、金属陽イオンであり;
RおよびR’は、場合により置換されているC1〜8アルキル、C1〜12アルキル、C3〜8ヘテロシクリル、C3〜20複素環、およびC5〜20アリール基からそれぞれ独立して選択され、場合により、基NRR’との関連で、RおよびR’は、それらが付着している窒素原子と一緒になって、場合により置換されている4、5、6、または7員複素環式環を形成し;
R12、R16、R19、およびR17は、それぞれR2、R6、R9、およびR7について定義されるとおりであり、
R’’は、C3〜12アルキレン基であり、その鎖は、1つ以上のヘテロ原子、例えば、O、S、N(H)、NMe、および/または芳香環、例えば、ベンゼンまたはピリジンにより中断されていてよく、それらの環は、場合により置換されており;
XおよびX’は、O、S、およびN(H)から独立して選択される)である。
一部の実施形態において、ADCは、アントラサイクリンを含み得る。アントラサイクリンは、細胞毒性活性を示す抗生物質化合物である。いかなる特定の理論によっても拘束されるものではないが、研究は、アントラサイクリンが多数の異なる機序、例として、1)細胞のDNA中への薬物分子のインターカレーションと、それによるDNA依存的核酸合成の阻害;2)次に細胞巨大分子と反応して細胞への損傷を引き起こすフリーラジカルの薬物による産生、および/または3)薬物分子と細胞膜との相互作用により細胞を殺傷するように機能し得ることを示している(例えば、C.Peterson et al.,“Transport And Storage Of Anthracycline In Experimental Systems And Human Leukemia”in Anthracycline Antibiotics In Cancer Therapy;N.R.Bachur,“Free Radical Damage”id.at pp.97−102参照)。アントラサイクリンは、その細胞毒性潜在性のため、多数の癌、例として、白血病、乳癌、肺癌、卵巣腺癌、および肉腫の治療において使用されている(例えば、P.H−Wiernik,in Anthracycline:Current Status And New Developments p11参照)。
薬物部分としては、ゲルダナマイシン(Mandler et al.,J.Nat.Cancer Inst.,vol.92,pp.1573−1581,2000;Mandler et al.,Bioorganic&Med.Chem.Letters,vol.10,pp.1025−1028,2000;Mandler et al.,Bioconjugate Chem.,vol.13,pp.786−791,2002);ならびに酵素活性毒素およびその断片、例として、限定されるものではないが、ジフテリアA鎖、ジフテリア毒素の非結合活性断片、外毒素A鎖(緑膿菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)からのもの)、リシンA鎖、アブリンA鎖、モデシンA鎖、アルファ−サルシン、シナアブラギリ(Aleurites fordii)タンパク質、ジアンチンタンパク質、ヨウシュヤマゴボウ(Phytolaca americana)タンパク質(PAPI、PAPII、およびPAP−S)、ニガウリ(momordica charantia)阻害剤、クルシン、クロチン、サボンソウ(sapaonaria officinalis)阻害剤、ゲロニン、ミトゲリン、レストリクトシン、フェノマイシン、エノマイシン、およびトリコテセンも挙げられる。例えば、国際公開第93/21232号パンフレット参照。
薬物負荷は、式Iの分子における抗体当たりの薬物部分の平均数pにより表される。薬物負荷は、抗体当たり1〜20個の薬物部分(D)の範囲であり得る。式IのADCは、1〜20個の範囲の薬物部分とコンジュゲートしている抗体の集団を含む。コンジュゲーション反応からのADC調製において使用される抗体当たりの薬物部分の平均数は、慣用の手段、例えば、質量分析、ELISAアッセイ、およびHPLCにより特徴付けすることができる。また、pの単位でのADCの定量分布を測定することもできる。一部の例において、pがある値である同種ADCを、他の薬物負荷を有するADCから分離し、精製し、特徴付けることは、逆相HPLCまたは電気泳動のような手段により達成することができる。
式IのADCである免疫コンジュゲートは、当業者に公知の有機化学反応、条件、および試薬を用いるいくつかの経路、例として、(1)抗体の求核基を二価リンカー試薬と反応させて共有結合を介してAb−Lを形成し、次いで薬物部分Dと反応させることと;ならびに(2)薬物部分の求核基を二価リンカー試薬と反応させて共有結合を介してD−Lを形成し、次いで抗体の求核基と反応させることにより調製することができる。後者の経路を介して式IのADCを調製する例示的な方法は、米国特許第7,498,298号明細書に記載されている。
ある実施形態において、本明細書において提供される抗Ror2抗体または抗体断片のいずれも、生物学的試料中のRor2の存在の検出に使用することができる。本明細書において使用される用語「検出すること」は、定量または定性的検出を包含する。ある実施形態において、生物学的試料は、細胞または組織、例えば、乳房、膵臓、食道、肺および/または脳細胞または組織を含む。
(a)対象の生物学的試料を、本発明による抗体または抗体断片と、抗体または抗体断片がRor2を発現する生物学的試料の細胞との複合体を形成するのに好適な条件下で接触させるステップ;ならびに
(b)前記複合体を検出および/または定量するステップ(前記複合体の検出は、Ror2過剰発現に関連する癌を示す)
を含み得る。
抗Ror2抗体または抗体断片は、細胞殺傷活性を有する。この細胞殺傷活性は、複数の異なる細胞系のタイプに及ぶ。さらに、これらの抗原または抗体断片は、細胞毒性剤にコンジュゲートされると腫瘍サイズを低減させ得、低減した毒性を示し得る。本出願の実施例2参照。したがって、抗Ror2抗体、その断片または免疫コンジュゲートは、Ror2発現に関連する増殖性疾患の治療に有用であり得る。抗体、断片または免疫コンジュゲートは、単独で、または任意の好適な薬剤または他の慣用の治療との組合せで使用することができる。
本明細書において提供される抗Ror2抗体または抗体断片のいずれも、治療方法において使用することができる。一態様において、医薬品として使用される抗Ror2抗体または抗体断片が提供される。さらなる態様において、癌(例えば、乳癌、非小細胞肺癌、膵臓癌、脳腫瘍、膵臓、脳、腎臓、卵巣、胃、白血病、子宮内膜、結腸、前立腺、甲状腺、肝臓の癌、骨肉腫、および/または黒色腫)の治療において使用される抗Ror2抗体または抗体断片が提供される。ある実施形態において、治療の方法において使用される抗Ror2抗体または抗体断片が提供される。ある実施形態において、本発明は、個体に有効量の抗Ror2抗体または抗体断片を投与することを含む、癌を有する個体を治療する方法において使用される抗Ror2抗体または抗体断片を提供する。ある実施形態において、本発明は、個体に有効量の抗Ror2抗体または抗体断片を投与することを含む、免疫障害(例えば、自己免疫障害)、心血管障害(例えば、アテローム性動脈硬化症、高血圧、血栓症)、感染性疾患(例えば、エボラウイルス、マールブルグウイルス)または糖尿病を有する個体を治療する方法において使用される抗Ror2抗体または抗体断片を提供する。1つのそのような実施形態において、本方法は、個体に有効量の少なくとも1つの追加の治療剤、例えば、下記のものを投与することをさらに含む。さらなる実施形態において、本発明は、血管新生の阻害、細胞増殖の阻害、免疫機能の阻害、炎症性サイトカイン分泌(例えば、腫瘍関連マクロファージからのもの)の阻害、腫瘍血管系(例えば、腫瘍内血管系または腫瘍関連血管系)の阻害、および/または腫瘍間質機能の阻害において使用される抗Ror2抗体または抗体断片を提供する。
本発明の別の態様において、抗Ror2抗体または抗体断片および上記障害の治療、予防および/または診断に有用な他の材料を含有する製品が提供される。製品は、容器および容器上または容器に伴うラベルまたは添付文書を含む。好適な容器としては、例えば、瓶、バイアル、注射器、IV溶液バッグなどが挙げられる。容器は、種々の材料、例えばガラスまたはプラスチックから形成することができる。容器は、組成物それ自体、または病態の治療、予防、および/もしくは診断に有効な別の組成物との組合せである組成物を保持し、無菌アクセスポートを有し得る(例えば、容器は、静脈内溶液バッグまたは皮下注射針により貫通可能な栓を有するバイアルであり得る)。組成物中の少なくとも1つの活性剤は、本発明の抗体または抗体断片である。ラベルまたは添付文書は、組成物が選択される病態の治療に使用されることを示す。さらに、製品は、(a)抗体または抗体断片を含む組成物を中に含有する第1の容器;および(b)さらなる細胞毒性剤または他の治療剤を含む組成物を中に含有する第2の容器を含み得る。本発明のこの実施形態における製品は、組成物を特定の病態を治療するために使用することができることを示す添付文書をさらに含み得る。あるいは、またはさらに、製品は、薬学的に許容可能な緩衝液、例えば、注射用の静菌水(BWFI)、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水、リンガー液およびデキストロース溶液を含む第2(または第3)の容器をさらに含み得る。これは、商業的および使用者の見地から望ましい他の材料、例として、他の緩衝液、希釈剤、フィルタ、針および注射器をさらに含み得る。
本実施例においてヒトRor2に対する抗体を産生した。Ror2に対するヒト化抗体を野生型抗体として使用してRor2に対するCAB抗体を生成した。野生型抗体(重鎖および軽鎖可変領域)をコードするDNAを進化させて突然変異抗体重鎖および軽鎖可変領域ライブラリーを生成した。ライブラリー中の突然変異重鎖および軽鎖可変領域を、ELISAによりpH7.4と比べたpH6.0におけるヒトRor2に対する選択的結合親和性についてスクリーニングした(図2A〜2Bおよび3A〜3B)。同時に、突然変異抗体の発現レベルも、後続の製造プロセスにおけるより高い収量を提供する目的のために最適化した。スクリーニングは、スクリーニングについて偽陽性を引き起こし得る血清中のヒト抗体が存在するため、FLAGタグを使用して血清中で行った。生成された条件的に活性な抗体は、pH7.4におけるRor2に対する結合親和性よりも高いpH6.0におけるRor2に対する結合親和性を有することが見出された(表1および2)。
本発明の抗Ror2抗体を、モデル毒素(例えば、パクリタキセル)にコンジュゲートさせて条件的に活性な抗体−薬物コンジュゲート(Ror2−CAB−ADC)を産生した。
本発明により同定された条件的に活性な抗体の1つ、BAP048(または図面の一部に示されるBAP048.7)の結合親和性を、pH滴定により試験した。野生型抗体を対照として使用した。図8に示されるとおり、条件的に活性な抗体BAP048は、pH6.5よりも低いpHにおいてより活性であるが、pH7.0においては低活性である。野生型抗体は、その結合親和性についてpH依存性を示さない。
条件的に活性な抗体BAP048を、ヒトRor2の条件的結合親和性について選択した。ELISAを使用してこの条件的に活性な抗体を3つの標的:ヒトRor2(hROR2)、カニクイザルRor2(cynoROR2)、およびマウスRor2(mROR2)に対するその結合親和性について試験した(図9)。条件的に活性な抗体BAP048は、ヒトおよびカニクイザルRor2に対するほぼ同一の結合親和性を示したが、マウスRor2に対する有意に低い結合親和性を示した。3つの標的についての条件的に活性な抗体BAP048のEC50は、ヒトRor2について201.4ng/ml、カニクイザルRor2について327.1ng/ml、およびマウスRor2について7653ng/mlであると算出された。
条件的に活性な抗体BAP048を化学療法薬モノメチルアウリスタチンE(MMAE)にコンジュゲートさせて抗体薬物コンジュゲート(ADC)を産生した。ADCを、ヒトRor2を細胞表面上で発現するHEK293細胞に対して試験した。この試験に使用される陰性対照は、親和性一致抗体であるが、ヒトRor2に特異的でないものである。陰性対照もMMAEにコンジュゲートさせた。
肺癌細胞LCLC103Hをマウス中に注射してマウスゼノグラフト(マウス中の腫瘍)を生成した。条件的に活性な抗体BAP048をMMAEにリンカーチオ架橋を介してコンジュゲートさせ、2つの濃度1mg/kgおよび6mg/kgにおけるマウスへの注射のためのADCを生成した。陰性対照は、ADCを有さない緩衝液(ビヒクル)であった。一方の用量群を、1mg/kg用量において3回の投与について週1回注射し、他方の用量群を6mg/kg用量において4回の投与について4日毎に注射した。
条件的に活性な抗体BAP048MMAEコンジュゲーションのリンカーの効果を、2つの異なるリンカー:mc−vc−PABおよびmc−PEG8−vcを使用して試験した(図14)。同一の陰性対照(ビヒクル)を使用した。これら2つのBAP048−MMAEコンジュゲートを、1mg/mlの単回用量においてマウスゼノグラフト中に注射した。試験の間、腫瘍のサイズを計測した。両方のBAP048−MMAEコンジュゲートが陰性対照と比較して腫瘍の成長を有意に減速させたが、2つのBAP048−MMAEコンジュゲート間の差は有意でないことが観察された(図14)。したがって、BAP048−MMAEコンジュゲートに対するリンカーの影響は有意でないと考えられる。
本実施例は実施例6と類似するが、マウス中の腫瘍を誘導するために使用される細胞は異なった。本実施例において使用される2つの細胞系は、HT1080細胞(線維肉腫細胞系)およびMDA−MB−436細胞(乳癌細胞系)である。
Claims (25)
- Ror2タンパク質に特異的に結合する単離ポリペプチドであって、3つの相補性決定領域を含む重鎖可変領域を含み、前記領域は、H1、H2、およびH3配列を有し、
(a)前記H1配列は、GYTX1TEX2X3X4H(配列番号1)またはGYSITTGX29YWN(配列番号4)であり;
(b)前記H2配列は、X5X6X7X8NNGGTGYNQKFKG(配列番号2)またはYITYDGSX30NYNPSLKN(配列番号5)であり;
(c)前記H3配列は、X9X10X11SX12YX13YX14X15SYFX16X17X18(配列番号3)またはCSX31X32X33X34VX35X36X37LDX38(配列番号6)であり;
X1は、FまたはEであり、
X2は、YまたはDであり、
X3は、TまたはCであり、
X4は、MまたはDまたはEまたはYであり、
X5は、GまたはSであり、
X6は、IまたはEであり、
X7は、NまたはCまたはLまたはVであり、
X8は、TまたはDまたはEであり、
X9は、AまたはMまたはTであり、
X10は、RまたはHであり、
X11は、GまたはEであり、
X12は、LまたはFであり、
X13は、SまたはGであり、
X14は、GまたはDであり、
X15は、NまたはEであり、
X16は、DまたはLであり、
X17は、YまたはCまたはTであり、
X18は、WまたはLであり、
X29は、YまたはEまたはRまたはTであり、
X30は、KまたはNであり、
X31は、RまたはGまたはHまたはWまたはYであり、
X32は、FまたはCまたはNまたはQであり、
X33は、EまたはSであり、
X34は、GまたはEまたはFまたはHまたはMまたはQまたはSであり、
X35は、WまたはAまたはIまたはPまたはQまたはTまたはVであり、
X36は、YまたはGまたはNまたはQであり、
X37は、GまたはSまたはTであり、
X38は、YまたはIである、
単離ポリペプチド。 - 前記重鎖可変領域が、配列番号18〜26の配列から選択されるアミノ酸配列を有する、請求項1に記載のポリペプチド。
- 3つの相補性決定領域L1、L2、およびL3配列を含み、
(a)前記L1配列は、SATSSX19X20X21MX22(配列番号7)またはRASESVDRYGNSX39IH(配列番号10)であり;
(b)前記L2配列は、X23TSNLAS(配列番号8)またはX40TYX41LES(配列番号11)であり;
(c)前記L3配列は、QX24X25SX26YPFX27X28(配列番号9)またはQQX42NX43DPX44TX45(配列番号12)であり;
X19は、VまたはEであり、
X20は、SまたはDであり、
X21は、YまたはCまたはDであり、
X22は、HまたはGまたはLであり、
X23は、GまたはCまたはHまたはPであり、
X24は、QまたはEであり、
X25は、RまたはHであり、
X26は、SまたはDまたはGまたはIまたはQまたはVであり、
X27は、TまたはDであり、
X28は、FまたはDまたはEであり、
X39は、FまたはSまたはTであり、
X40は、RまたはCまたはDまたはEまたはWであり、
X41は、NまたはDであり、
X42は、TまたはIまたはPであり、
X43は、EまたはVであり、
X44は、WまたはTであり、
X45は、FまたはTである、
単離軽鎖可変領域との組合せの、請求項1または2に記載のポリペプチド。 - 前記軽鎖可変領域が、配列番号13〜17および27から選択されるアミノ酸配列を有する、請求項3に記載のポリペプチド。
- 前記X29が、Yである、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチド。
- 前記X29が、Eである、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチド。
- Ror2タンパク質に特異的に結合する単離ポリペプチドであって、L1、L2、およびL3配列を有する3つの相補性決定領域を含む軽鎖可変領域を含み、
(a)前記L1配列は、SATSSX19X20X21MX22(配列番号7)またはRASESVDRYGNSX39IH(配列番号10)であり;
(b)前記L2配列は、X23TSNLAS(配列番号8)またはX40TYX41LES(配列番号11)であり;
(c)前記L3配列は、QX24X25SX26YPFX27X28(配列番号9)またはQQX42NX43DPX44TX45(配列番号12)であり;
X19は、VまたはEであり、
X20は、SまたはDであり、
X21は、YまたはCまたはDであり、
X22は、HまたはGまたはLであり、
X23は、GまたはCまたはHまたはPであり、
X24は、QまたはEであり、
X25は、RまたはHであり、
X26は、SまたはDまたはGまたはIまたはQまたはVであり、
X27は、TまたはDであり、
X28は、FまたはDまたはEであり、
X39は、FまたはSまたはTであり、
X40は、RまたはCまたはDまたはEまたはWであり、
X41は、NまたはDであり、
X42は、TまたはIまたはPであり、
X43は、EまたはVであり、
X44は、WまたはTであり、
X45は、FまたはTである、
単離ポリペプチド。 - 前記軽鎖可変領域が、配列番号13〜17および27から選択されるDNA配列によりコードされる、請求項7に記載のポリペプチド。
- 前記軽鎖可変領域が、配列番号10〜12の配列をそれぞれ有する3つの相補性決定領域L1、L2、およびL3を含む、請求項7に記載のポリペプチド。
- 請求項1に記載の単離重鎖可変領域ポリペプチドを含む抗Ror2抗体または抗体断片。
- 3つの相補性決定領域L1、L2、およびL3配列を含み、
(a)前記L1配列は、SATSSX19X20X21MX22(配列番号7)またはRASESVDRYGNSX39IH(配列番号10)であり;
(b)前記L2配列は、X23TSNLAS(配列番号8)またはX40TYX41LES(配列番号11)であり;
(c)前記L3配列は、QX24X25SX26YPFX27X28(配列番号9)またはQQX42NX43DPX44TX45(配列番号12)であり;
X19は、VまたはEであり、
X20は、SまたはDであり、
X21は、YまたはCまたはDであり、
X22は、HまたはGまたはLであり、
X23は、GまたはCまたはHまたはPであり、
X24は、QまたはEであり、
X25は、RまたはHであり、
X26は、SまたはDまたはGまたはIまたはQまたはVであり、
X27は、TまたはDであり、
X28は、FまたはDまたはEであり、
X39は、FまたはSまたはTであり、
X40は、RまたはCまたはDまたはEまたはWであり、
X41は、NまたはDであり、
X42は、TまたはIまたはPであり、
X43は、EまたはVであり、
X44は、WまたはTであり、
X45は、FまたはTである、
単離軽鎖可変領域をさらに含む、請求項10に記載の抗体または抗体断片。 - 腫瘍微小環境中の条件の値において、非腫瘍微小環境中で生じる同一条件の異なる値と比較してRor2タンパク質に対する高い結合親和性を有する、請求項10または11に記載の抗体または抗体断片。
- 前記条件が、pHである、請求項12に記載の抗体または抗体断片。
- 前記腫瘍微小環境中のpHが、5.8〜6.8の範囲であり、前記非腫瘍微小環境中のpHが、7.0〜7.6の範囲である、請求項13に記載の抗体または抗体断片。
- 少なくとも約1.5:1、少なくとも約2:1、少なくとも約3:1、少なくとも約4:1、少なくとも約5:1、少なくとも約6:1、少なくとも約7:1、少なくとも約8:1、少なくとも約9:1、少なくとも約10:1、少なくとも約20:1、少なくとも約30:1、少なくとも約50:1、少なくとも約70:1、または少なくとも約100:1の、腫瘍微小環境中の条件の値におけるRor2タンパク質に対する結合親和性と、非腫瘍微小環境中の同一条件の異なる値におけるRor2タンパク質に対する結合親和性との比を有する、請求項10〜14のいずれか一項に記載の抗体または抗体断片。
- キメラ抗体、多重特異的抗体、またはヒト化抗体である、請求項10〜15のいずれか一項に記載の抗体または抗体断片。
- 請求項10〜16のいずれか一項に記載の抗体または抗体断片を含む免疫コンジュゲート。
- 化学療法剤、放射性原子、細胞増殖抑制剤および細胞毒性剤から選択される少なくとも1つの薬剤を含む、請求項17に記載の免疫コンジュゲート。
- 少なくとも2つの前記薬剤を含む、請求項18に記載の免疫コンジュゲート。
- 前記抗体または抗体断片および少なくとも1つの薬剤が、リンカー分子に共有結合している、請求項18または19に記載の免疫コンジュゲート。
- 前記少なくとも1つの薬剤が、メイタンシノイド、アウリスタチン、ドラスタチン、カリケアマイシン、ピロロベンゾジアゼピン、およびアントラサイクリンから選択される、請求項18〜20のいずれか一項に記載の免疫コンジュゲート。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチド、請求項10〜16のいずれか一項に記載の抗体もしくは抗体断片、または請求項14〜18のいずれか一項に記載の免疫コンジュゲート;および
薬学的に許容可能な担体
を含む医薬組成物。 - 等張化剤をさらに含む、請求項22に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項22または23に記載の医薬組成物を、癌を有する患者に投与するステップを含む、癌を治療する方法。
- 診断または治療用キットであって、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチド、請求項10〜16のいずれか一項に記載の抗体もしくは抗体断片、または請求項17〜21のいずれか一項に記載の免疫コンジュゲート、または請求項22もしくは23に記載の医薬組成物ならびに前記抗体もしくは抗体断片、前記免疫コンジュゲートおよび/または前記医薬組成物を診断または治療に使用するための説明書を含むキット。
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