JP2019160458A - 微生物発電装置及び方法 - Google Patents
微生物発電装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(有機物)+H2O→CO2+H++e−
なる反応が進行する。この電子e−が負極6、端子22、外部抵抗21、端子20を経て正極5へ流れる。
O2+4H++4e−→2H2O
なる反応が進行する。
7cm×25cm×2cm(厚さ)の負極室に、厚さ1cmのグラファイトフェルトを2枚重ねて充填して負極を形成した。この負極に対して、厚さ30μmの不織布(ガーレ値1,200sec/100mL)を介して正極室を形成した。正極室は7cm×25cm×0.5cm(厚さ)であり、PTFEで撥水処理した厚さ160μmのカーボンペーパーに、Pt触媒担持カーボンブラック(Pt含有量50重量%)を5重量%ナフィオン(登録商標)溶液(デュポン社製)に分散させた液を、付着量が0.4mg/cm2となるように塗布し、50℃で乾燥させて得られたものを正極として、上記膜と密着させた。負極のグラファイトフェルトと正極のカーボンペーパーには、ステンレス線を導電性ペーストで接着して電気引出し線とし、5Ωの抵抗で接続した。
比較例1と同じ構成で、さらにPSA式窒素ガス生成装置により生成した窒素ガス(純度99%)を負極室に0.2L/min(通気LV17m/hr)で通気した。発電量は、通液開始後1週間で180W/m3に達し、以後3週間に渡り180〜200W/m3で推移した。電流効率は70%台で推移しており、負極への酸素混入による性能低下が抑制された。
実施例1と同じ構成において、正極室に通気する空気の代わりにPSA式窒素ガス生成装置の排気ガス(酸素濃度30%)を0.2L/minで通気した。発電量は、通液開始後1週間で200W/m3に達し、以後3週間に渡り200〜220W/m3で推移した。
実施例1と同じ構成において、正極室に空気0.2L/minとともに、負極室からの排気の一部を0.05L/minで通気した。発電量は、通液開始後1週間で320W/m3に達し、以後3週間に渡り280〜320W/m3で推移した。
実施例1と同じ構成で、窒素ガスの負極室への通気を6時間おきに10分間、0.6L/min(通気LV50m/hr)とした。発電量は、通液開始後1週間で180W/m3に達し、以後3週間に渡り170〜200W/m3で推移した。
2 多孔性非導電性膜
3 正極室
4 負極室
5 正極
6 負極
40 窒素ガス生成器
Claims (8)
- 負極を有し、微生物及び電子供与体を含む液を保持する負極室と、該負極室に対し多孔性非導電性膜を介して隔てられており、該多孔性非導電性膜に接するエアーカソードを有する正極室とを備えた微生物発電装置において、前記負極室に非酸化性ガスを供給する非酸化性ガス供給手段を備えたことを特徴とする微生物発電装置。
- 前記非酸化性ガスは窒素ガスであることを特徴とする請求項1の微生物発電装置。
- 前記窒素ガスを空気より生成させる窒素ガス生成手段を備えていることを特徴とする請求項2記載の微生物発電装置。
- 前記窒素ガス生成手段により空気より窒素ガスを生成した際に発生する酸素富化ガスの少なくとも一部を前記正極室に供給する手段を備えていることを特徴とする請求項3記載のいずれかの微生物発電装置。
- 前記負極室の排ガスの少なくとも一部を前記正極室に供給する負極排ガス移送手段を備えていることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかの微生物発電装置。
- 負極を有し、微生物及び電子供与体を含む液を保持する負極室と、該負極室に対し多孔性非導電性膜を介して隔てられており、該多孔性非導電性膜に接するエアーカソードを有する正極室とを備えた微生物発電装置を運転する方法において、前記負極室に連続的に又は間欠的に非酸化性ガスを供給することを特徴とする微生物発電装置の運転方法。
- 前記負極室に前記非酸化性ガスをLV(線速度)0.5〜80m/hrで供給することを特徴とする微生物発電装置の運転方法。
- 前記多孔性非導電性膜が紙、織布、不織布のいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれかの微生物発電装置。
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