JP2019071174A - 燃料電池の単セルの製造方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池の単セルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2019071174A JP2019071174A JP2017195501A JP2017195501A JP2019071174A JP 2019071174 A JP2019071174 A JP 2019071174A JP 2017195501 A JP2017195501 A JP 2017195501A JP 2017195501 A JP2017195501 A JP 2017195501A JP 2019071174 A JP2019071174 A JP 2019071174A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- peripheral edge
- frame member
- diffusion layer
- inner peripheral
- gas diffusion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 35
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 37
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004713 Cyclic olefin copolymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920010524 Syndiotactic polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0276—Sealing means characterised by their form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
11e 周縁領域
11c 中央領域
12c カソード側触媒層(第1触媒層)
12a アノード側触媒層(第2触媒層)
22c カソード側ガス拡散層(第1ガス拡散層)
22a アノード側ガス拡散層(第2ガス拡散層)
33c カソード側セパレータ
33a アノード側セパレータ
40 枠部材
43 曲部
431 凸面
432 凹面
60 単セル
Claims (6)
- 電解質膜、前記電解質膜の一方の面の周縁領域を露出するように前記電解質膜の一方の面に形成された第1触媒層、前記電解質膜の他方の面に形成された第2触媒層、前記周縁領域を露出するように前記第1触媒層に接合された第1ガス拡散層、及び前記第2触媒層に接合された第2ガス拡散層、を有する膜電極ガス拡散層接合体を準備する工程と、
前記電解質膜よりも大きい外周縁、前記電解質膜よりも小さく前記第1ガス拡散層よりも大きい内周縁、前記外周縁と前記内周縁との間にあって一方の面から突出した凸面と他方の面から凹んだ凹面とにより画定される曲部、を有する樹脂製の枠部材を準備する工程と、
接着剤を介して前記枠部材の前記他方の面の前記内周縁側を前記周縁領域に接触させた状態で、前記凸面を押圧して前記曲部を変形させることにより、前記枠部材の前記内周縁を前記第1ガス拡散層に接触させる工程と、
前記枠部材の前記内周縁が前記第1ガス拡散層に接触した状態で、前記接着剤により前記枠部材と前記膜電極ガス拡散層接合体とを接合する工程と、を備えた燃料電池の単セルの製造方法。 - 前記枠部材の前記内周縁を前記第1ガス拡散層に接触させる工程の前に、前記膜電極ガス拡散層接合体と、前記枠部材の前記曲部よりも前記外周縁側とを、支持台上に位置決めする工程を備えた、請求項1の燃料電池の単セルの製造方法。
- 前記枠部材の前記内周縁を前記第1ガス拡散層に接触させる工程の前に、前記枠部材の位置決めされた部位よりも前記内周縁側であって前記曲部よりも前記外周縁側を前記支持台側に押さえる工程を備えた、請求項2の燃料電池の単セルの製造方法。
- 前記枠部材の前記内周縁を前記第1ガス拡散層に接触させる工程では、前記曲部を加熱しながら前記凸面を押圧する、請求項1乃至3の何れかの燃料電池の単セルの製造方法。
- 前記枠部材の前記内周縁を前記第1ガス拡散層に接触させる工程では、前記枠部材の融点よりも低い温度で前記曲部を加熱しながら前記凸面を押圧する、請求項4の燃料電池の単セルの製造方法。
- 前記曲部は、前記内周縁の互いに隣接する第1及び第2辺のそれぞれに沿った第1及び第2曲部を含み、
前記枠部材は、前記内周縁に連続して前記第1及び第2曲部を分断した切欠部を有する、請求項1乃至5の何れかの燃料電池の単セルの製造方法。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017195501A JP6848799B2 (ja) | 2017-10-05 | 2017-10-05 | 燃料電池の単セルの製造方法 |
DE102018120608.9A DE102018120608A1 (de) | 2017-10-05 | 2018-08-23 | Herstellungsverfahren für Einheitszelle einer Brennstoffzelle |
CN201811088022.2A CN109638313B (zh) | 2017-10-05 | 2018-09-17 | 燃料电池的单体电池的制造方法 |
US16/151,415 US11056703B2 (en) | 2017-10-05 | 2018-10-04 | Manufacturing method of unit cell of fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017195501A JP6848799B2 (ja) | 2017-10-05 | 2017-10-05 | 燃料電池の単セルの製造方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2019071174A true JP2019071174A (ja) | 2019-05-09 |
JP6848799B2 JP6848799B2 (ja) | 2021-03-24 |
Family
ID=65816866
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017195501A Active JP6848799B2 (ja) | 2017-10-05 | 2017-10-05 | 燃料電池の単セルの製造方法 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11056703B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6848799B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN109638313B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102018120608A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP7196773B2 (ja) * | 2019-05-31 | 2022-12-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
KR20210008679A (ko) * | 2019-07-15 | 2021-01-25 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료전지용 탄성체 셀 프레임 제조장치 |
GB2582399A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-09-23 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Laminated gasket for use with fuel cell stack |
CN111477911B (zh) * | 2020-04-26 | 2021-08-17 | 浙江锋源氢能科技有限公司 | 燃料电池单电池、燃料电池电堆 |
CN113823806B (zh) * | 2020-06-19 | 2023-02-03 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种全钒液流电池用一体化电极框结构和制备方法和应用 |
JP7456373B2 (ja) * | 2020-12-25 | 2024-03-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池セルおよびその製造方法 |
CN114400346A (zh) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-04-26 | 佛山仙湖实验室 | 一种一体化膜电极单元结构及燃料电池电堆 |
DE102023201519A1 (de) * | 2023-02-21 | 2024-08-22 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Elektrochemische Zelle |
DE102023201473A1 (de) * | 2023-02-21 | 2024-08-22 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Membran-Elektroden-Anordnung für eine elektrochemische Zelle sowie elektrochemische Zelle |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006324170A (ja) * | 2005-05-20 | 2006-11-30 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 固体高分子型燃料電池の製造方法 |
JP2013098155A (ja) * | 2011-11-07 | 2013-05-20 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池用樹脂枠付き電解質膜・電極構造体及び燃料電池スタック |
JP2015015256A (ja) * | 2011-11-10 | 2015-01-22 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 接合品の製造方法及びその装置 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5164348B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-03 | 2013-03-21 | 日本ゴア株式会社 | 膜電極組立体およびその製造方法ならびにそれを用いた固体高分子形燃料電池 |
JP5594021B2 (ja) | 2010-09-28 | 2014-09-24 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 膜電極接合体及びその製造方法 |
JP6026561B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-27 | 2016-11-16 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 膜電極接合体および膜電極接合体の製造方法 |
JP6025632B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-25 | 2016-11-16 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
US9825320B2 (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2017-11-21 | Basf Se | Process for the manufacture of membrane electrode units |
US20150380746A1 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2015-12-31 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell and method of producing the fuel cell |
JP6237675B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-03 | 2017-11-29 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池単セル及び燃料電池単セルの製造方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-10-05 JP JP2017195501A patent/JP6848799B2/ja active Active
-
2018
- 2018-08-23 DE DE102018120608.9A patent/DE102018120608A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-09-17 CN CN201811088022.2A patent/CN109638313B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2018-10-04 US US16/151,415 patent/US11056703B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006324170A (ja) * | 2005-05-20 | 2006-11-30 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 固体高分子型燃料電池の製造方法 |
JP2013098155A (ja) * | 2011-11-07 | 2013-05-20 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池用樹脂枠付き電解質膜・電極構造体及び燃料電池スタック |
JP2015015256A (ja) * | 2011-11-10 | 2015-01-22 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 接合品の製造方法及びその装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP6848799B2 (ja) | 2021-03-24 |
CN109638313B (zh) | 2021-10-01 |
DE102018120608A1 (de) | 2019-04-11 |
US11056703B2 (en) | 2021-07-06 |
US20190109341A1 (en) | 2019-04-11 |
CN109638313A (zh) | 2019-04-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6848799B2 (ja) | 燃料電池の単セルの製造方法 | |
CN103443981B (zh) | 燃料电池用电解质膜、电极构造体及其制造方法 | |
US11133514B2 (en) | Resin frame equipped membrane electrode assembly and method of producing the same | |
US10270107B2 (en) | Fuel cell and manufacturing method for fuel cell | |
JP5855442B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用樹脂枠付き電解質膜・電極構造体の製造方法 | |
US10763530B2 (en) | Manufacturing method for fuel cell | |
JP2014029834A (ja) | 燃料電池用電解質膜・電極構造体 | |
US10957917B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of unit cell of fuel cell | |
JP6594809B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用樹脂枠付き段差mea及びその製造方法 | |
JP2020145130A (ja) | 燃料電池セルの製造方法 | |
JP2013258097A (ja) | 電解質膜・電極構造体及びその製造方法 | |
JP6642535B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用セパレータの製造方法 | |
JP6844476B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用のセルの製造方法 | |
JP2017068908A (ja) | 樹脂枠付き電解質膜・電極構造体の製造方法 | |
JP2009193700A (ja) | 燃料電池用電極集成体、燃料電池用電極集成体の製造方法および燃料電池 | |
US11018363B2 (en) | Fuel cell including frame member | |
JP2018073523A (ja) | 燃料電池 | |
JP6642533B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用セパレータ、燃料電池、及び燃料電池用セパレータの製造方法 | |
JP2021136205A (ja) | 燃料電池の製造方法 | |
JP2017010704A (ja) | 樹脂枠付き電解質膜・電極構造体の製造方法 | |
JP6158764B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用樹脂枠付き電解質膜・電極構造体 | |
JP2021131962A (ja) | 燃料電池セルの製造方法 | |
JP2020155247A (ja) | 燃料電池セルの製造方法 | |
JP2019091661A (ja) | 燃料電池スタック | |
JP2017084462A (ja) | 燃料電池用樹脂枠付き電解質膜・電極構造体 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20200123 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20201216 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20201222 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20210108 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20210202 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20210215 |
|
R151 | Written notification of patent or utility model registration |
Ref document number: 6848799 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R151 |