JP2019069912A - 非水系皮膚外用組成物およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
非水系皮膚外用組成物およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019069912A JP2019069912A JP2017195931A JP2017195931A JP2019069912A JP 2019069912 A JP2019069912 A JP 2019069912A JP 2017195931 A JP2017195931 A JP 2017195931A JP 2017195931 A JP2017195931 A JP 2017195931A JP 2019069912 A JP2019069912 A JP 2019069912A
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- active ingredient
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- solid active
- oil
- amphiphilic solid
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- TUHBEKDERLKLEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N squalene Natural products CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC=C(/C)CCC=C(/C)CC=C(C)C)C)C)C TUHBEKDERLKLEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940098760 steareth-2 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940100458 steareth-21 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052917 strontium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSQXISIULMTHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O QSQXISIULMTHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940117986 sulfobetaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LINXHFKHZLOLEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[phenyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]oxysilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](O[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 LINXHFKHZLOLEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical class [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- GPYYEEJOMCKTPR-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dodecanoate Chemical class [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O GPYYEEJOMCKTPR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
一般に、外用の基材設計に当たっては、基材−皮膚(角層)間の分配係数、基材中における成分の活量係数、および角層中の成分の拡散性を考慮する必要がある。すなわち、成分の経皮吸収を改善するためには、基材の処方設計の工夫や、化合物にアルキル鎖を修飾し親油性を付与する化学的修飾(プロドラッグ化)、さらには吸収促進剤の併用などが行われている。
しかし、その有効性と相反して、化合物へのアルキル鎖の導入は、医薬品、医薬部外品および化粧品などの皮膚外用組成物の品質保証の点では好ましくない結晶化や融点の上昇をもたらすことが知られている。また、アルキル鎖で修飾した化合物は、その両親媒性的な性質から、界面活性能および自己組織能等を有するため、意図しない形態をとる場合があり、基材設計の点では好ましくない性質を有することが知られている。さらに、その水系処方への配合では、化学的修飾部の加水分解により有効成分自体の安定性が低下することも知られている。
一方、水溶性または親水性の固体有効成分を界面活性剤の分子膜で被覆することにより油相中に微細な粒子として分散させるSolid−in−Oil化技術(以下「S/O」という。)を利用した製剤が知られている(例えば、特許第4349639号公報(特許文献1)および特許第4843494号公報(特許文献2))。
しかし、従来のS/O型製剤では、水溶性または親水性の固体有効成分が、界面活性剤の分子膜の内部(コア部)に存在するため、有効成分の内包量に応じて粒子径は界面活性剤単独のミセルと比較して大きくなる傾向にある。また、界面活性剤の量を増やすと粒子径は小さくなるが、界面活性剤由来のべたつき等の為使用感が悪くなり、他方、界面活性剤の量を減らすと使用感は向上するが、粒子径が大きくなる、または安定性が悪くなるというトレードオフの関係になることが知られている。
[1]強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体が粒子径2nm〜200nmの粒子として油相中に溶解または分散してなる非水系皮膚外用組成物。
[2]強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体において、強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分に対する界面活性剤の質量比が5〜50倍である、[1]に記載の組成物。
[3]強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分が、パルミトイル−L−カルニチン、パルミチン酸ヒドロキシクエン酸、パルミチン酸アスコルビルリン酸、(アスコルビル/トコフェリル)リン酸、環状リゾフォスファチジン酸、およびそれらの塩からなる群より選ばれる1種以上である、[1]または[2]に記載の組成物。
[4]界面活性剤のHLB値が10以下である、[1]から[3]のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
[5]界面活性剤が、ノニオン性界面活性剤である、[1]から[4]のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
[6]界面活性剤が、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレングリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンソルビット脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンヒマシ油および硬化ヒマシ油からなる群より選ばれる1種以上である、[1]から[5]のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
[7][1]から[6]のいずれか一項に記載の非水系皮膚外用組成物の製造方法であって、
(a)水相に強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分を添加して水相混合物を得る工程と、
(b)油相に界面活性剤を添加して油相混合物を得る工程と、
(c)工程(a)で得られた水相混合物と、工程(b)で得られた油相混合物とを混合し、油中水型エマルションを得る工程と、
(d)工程(c)で得られた油中水型エマルションを凍結乾燥し、強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体を得る工程と、
(e)工程(d)で得られた強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体を油剤に溶解または分散させる工程と
を含む、製造方法。
[8]化粧料である、[1]から[6]のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
本発明の非水系皮膚外用組成物は、強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体が粒子径2nm〜200nmの粒子として油相中に溶解または分散してなることを特徴としている。
本発明においては、強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分が界面活性剤と複合体を形成することで、油相中に強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分を可溶化することができる。
ここで「強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体」とは、強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分と界面活性剤が一体となっているものであれば特に制限されない。
これらの中でも、本発明においては、親油基の炭素数が8以上である強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分を用いることが好ましく、より好ましくは親油基の炭素数が12以上、さらに好ましくは炭素数が16以上である強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分を用いる。本発明の一実施態様において、親油基は、飽和もしくは不飽和の、直鎖状、分岐状、環状またはそれらの組み合わせからなる炭素数が8以上、12以上、さらには16以上の炭化水素基を含むことが好ましい。ここで、炭化水素基としては、例えば、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アルキルジエニル基、アリール基、アルキルアリール基、アリールアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキルシクロアルキル基などが挙げられる。
さらに、本発明においては、IOB値が1以上である強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分を用いることが好ましく、より好ましくはIOB値が1〜5、さらに好ましくはIOB値が1.2〜3、特に好ましくはIOB値が1.2〜1.5である親水性両親媒性固体有効成分を用いる。親油基の炭素数が8以上でIOB値が1以上である強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分を用いることにより、強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体を油相中により安定に溶解または分散させることができる。なお、「IOB値」とは、化合物の官能基の無機性値(Inorganic Value:IV)と有機性値(Organic Value:OV)を用い、IV/OVの式から算出されるもので、無機性と有機性のバランスの指標とされる値である。
強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分の具体例としては、パルミトイル−L−カルニチン、パルミチン酸ヒドロキシクエン酸、パルミチン酸アスコルビルリン酸、(アスコルビル/トコフェリル)リン酸、環状リゾフォスファチジン酸、およびそれらの塩からなる群より選ばれる1種以上が好ましく挙げられるが、これらに制限されない。
中でも、強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分としては、パルミトイル−L−カルニチンクロリド、パルミチン酸ヒドロキシクエン酸、パルミチン酸アスコルビルリン酸3Na、(アスコルビル/トコフェリル)リン酸Kおよび環状リゾフォスファチジン酸などが好ましい。
強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分は、1種で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
これらの中でも、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレングリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンソルビット脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンヒマシ油および硬化ヒマシ油が好ましい。特に、エルカ酸またはオレイン酸などの不飽和脂肪酸を原料として用いるエステル化合物が好ましく、ショ糖エルカ酸エステル、ショ糖オレイン酸エステル、またはこれらを含むショ糖混合脂肪酸エステルがより好ましい。
本発明の非水系皮膚外用組成物において、強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体の含有量は特に制限されないが、組成物の全質量に対して、概ね0.03〜60質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは0.06質量%以上、さらに好ましくは0.3質量%以上であり、より好ましくは30質量%以下、さらに好ましくは18質量%以下である。さらには、0.06〜30質量%が好ましく、0.3〜18質量%がより好ましい。強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体の含有量は、目的や用途に応じて適宜決定すればよい。
脂肪酸としては、炭素数22以下のものが好ましく、炭素数6〜20のものがより好ましい。例えば、オレイン酸、イソステアリン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、カプリル酸、カプリン酸、水添ヤシ脂肪酸等が挙げられる。
有機日焼け防止剤としては、ブチルメトキシジベンゾイルメタンなどのジベンゾイルメタン誘導体(HOFFMANN LA ROCHEより「Parsol 1789」の名称で市販されているものなど);メトキシケイヒ酸オクチルなどのケイヒ酸誘導体(HOFFMANN LA ROCHEより「Parsol MCX」の名称で市販されているものなど);サリチル酸塩;パラアミノ安息香酸;β,β’−ジフェニルアクリレート誘導体;ベンゾフェノン誘導体;テレフタリリデンジカンファースルホン酸などのベンジリデンカンファー誘導体;フェニルベンジイミダゾール誘導体;トリアジン誘導体;フェニルベンゾトリアゾール誘導体;アントラニル酸誘導体などが挙げられる。これらは被覆またはカプセル化されていてもよい。
無機日焼け防止剤としては、顔料あるいは金属酸化物を任意に被覆してなるナノ顔料などが挙げられる。ナノ顔料としては、例えば、酸化チタン、酸化鉄、酸化亜鉛、酸化ジルコニウムまたは酸化セリウムなどが挙げられる。これらの化合物はいずれもUV光防御剤としてよく知られている。
これらの任意成分の配合量は、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲であれば特に制限されない。
本発明の非水系皮膚外用組成物は、
(a)水相に強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分を添加して水相混合物を得る工程と、
(b)油相に界面活性剤を添加して油相混合物を得る工程と、
(c)工程(a)で得られた水相混合物と、工程(b)で得られた油相混合物とを混合し、油中水型エマルションを得る工程と、
(d)工程(c)で得られた油中水型エマルションを凍結乾燥し、強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体を得る工程と、
(e)工程(d)で得られた強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体を油剤に溶解または分散させる工程と
を含む方法によって製造することができる。以下、各工程について説明する。
工程(a)では、水相に強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分を添加して水相混合物を得る。
水相を構成する成分としては、強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分を溶解するものであればよく、水を主成分とし、必要に応じて水溶性有機溶媒を含むことが好ましい。
水溶性有機溶媒としては、特に制限されなく、皮膚外用組成物において汎用されているものが好ましく挙げられる。例えば、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール等の低級アルコール(好ましくは炭素数1〜5のアルコール);エチレングリコール、1,3−ブチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、イソプレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリオキシエチレンメチルグルコシド、グリセリン、ジグリセリン等の多価アルコール等が挙げられる。これらの水溶性有機溶媒は、1種で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
工程(b)では、油相に界面活性剤を添加して油相混合物を得る。
油相を構成する成分としては、天然油、炭化水素油、エステル油、高級アルコール、脂肪酸、シリコーン油などの油剤が挙げられる。これらの具体例としては、前記「1.非水系皮膚外用組成物」の油相において用いたものと同じものを挙げることができるが、工程(d)において凍結乾燥することを考慮すると、揮発性を有する油剤を用いることが好ましい。
界面活性剤については、前記「1.非水系皮膚外用組成物」において説明したとおりである。
工程(c)では、工程(a)で得られた水相混合物と、工程(b)で得られた油相混合物とを混合し、油中水型エマルションを得る。
水相混合物と、油相混合物とを混合した後は、必要に応じてホモジナイザー等を用いて撹拌することで油中水型エマルションを得ることができる。
工程(d)では、工程(c)で得られた油中水型エマルションを凍結乾燥し、強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体を得る。
油中水型エマルションを凍結乾燥する方法は特に制限されない。例えば、油中水型エマルションを液体窒素に浸漬させて凍結した後、真空乾燥することにより、揮発成分を除去し、凍結乾燥物として、強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体を得ることができる。
工程(e)では、工程(d)で得られた強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体を油剤に添加し、必要に応じて撹拌等することにより溶解または分散させる。
油剤については、前記「1.非水系皮膚外用組成物」において説明したとおりである。
本発明によれば、強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体を粒子径2nm〜200nmの粒子として、油相中に溶解または分散させることができる。強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体の粒子径は、より好ましくは100nm以下、さらに好ましくは50nm以下である。
次のようにして、表1に示す組成を有する非水系皮膚外用組成物を調製した。なお、試験実施前に、パルミトイル−L−カルニチンクロリド (昭和電工株式会社製「Hi−カルニチン」)が水に溶解し、ミリスチン酸イソプロピルに溶解しないことを確認した。
(a)パルミトイル−L−カルニチンクロリド (昭和電工株式会社製「Hi−カルニチン」;親油基炭素数16、IOB値1.36)を含んだ水溶液2mLを調製した。
(b)ショ糖エルカ酸エステル(三菱化学フーズ株式会社製「リョートーシュガーエステル・ER−290」;HLB値2)25mg/mLをシクロヘキサンへ溶解し、4mLの溶液を調製した。
(c)工程(a)で調製した水溶液と、工程(b)で調製したシクロヘキサン溶液とを混合し、ホモジナイザー(26000rpm)で2分間撹拌し、油中水型エマルションを得た。
(d)工程(c)で得られた油中水型エマルションを20分間液体窒素に浸漬させて凍結させた後、42時間真空乾燥して揮発成分を蒸発させ、凍結乾燥物を得た。
(e)工程(d)で得られた凍結乾燥物をミリスチン酸イソプロピルに溶解または分散させ、非水系皮膚外用組成物を調製した。
調製直後の非水系皮膚外用組成物に含まれる粒子の粒子径を動的光散乱法により測定した。
具体的には、ナノ粒子解析システム(マルバーン社製 ゼータサイザーナノZSP型)を用いNumber Modeにより測定した。結果を表1に示す。
なお、パルミトイル−L−カルニチンクロリドを用いないことを除いて工程(a)〜(e)と同様の処理を行って得た、界面活性剤であるショ糖エルカ酸エステル単独の粒子を含む非水系皮膚外用組成物の粒子径は凡そ2.5nmであった。
非水系皮膚外用組成物の安定性を目視により評価した。評価基準は以下のとおりとした。
A:14日後も透明性を維持していた。
B:14日後に内容物が沈殿した。
結果を表1に示す。
パルミトイル−L−カルニチンクロリドに替えて、化粧品に使用される強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分を用いて実施例1群と同様な操作を行い、得られた非水系皮膚外用組成物について粒子径および安定性を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
また、強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分に対する界面活性剤の質量比を従来のS/O型製剤よりも低減できることから、界面活性剤の使用に伴うべたつきなどの好まれない感触を軽減することができる。
Claims (8)
- 強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体が粒子径2nm〜200nmの粒子として油相中に溶解または分散してなる非水系皮膚外用組成物。
- 強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体において、強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分に対する界面活性剤の質量比が5〜50倍である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分が、パルミトイル−L−カルニチン、パルミチン酸ヒドロキシクエン酸、パルミチン酸アスコルビルリン酸、(アスコルビル/トコフェリル)リン酸、環状リゾフォスファチジン酸、およびそれらの塩からなる群より選ばれる1種以上である、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- 界面活性剤のHLB値が10以下である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 界面活性剤が、ノニオン性界面活性剤である、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 界面活性剤が、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレングリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンソルビット脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンヒマシ油および硬化ヒマシ油からなる群より選ばれる1種以上である、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の非水系皮膚外用組成物の製造方法であって、
(a)水相に強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分を添加して水相混合物を得る工程と、
(b)油相に界面活性剤を添加して油相混合物を得る工程と、
(c)工程(a)で得られた水相混合物と、工程(b)で得られた油相混合物とを混合し、油中水型エマルションを得る工程と、
(d)工程(c)で得られた油中水型エマルションを凍結乾燥し、強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体を得る工程と、
(e)工程(d)で得られた強親水性両親媒性固体有効成分−界面活性剤複合体を油剤に溶解または分散させる工程と
を含む、製造方法。 - 化粧料である、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
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