JP2019054794A - アッセイ - Google Patents
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- JP2019054794A JP2019054794A JP2018192342A JP2018192342A JP2019054794A JP 2019054794 A JP2019054794 A JP 2019054794A JP 2018192342 A JP2018192342 A JP 2018192342A JP 2018192342 A JP2018192342 A JP 2018192342A JP 2019054794 A JP2019054794 A JP 2019054794A
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2007年7月23日に出願された米国特許出願951,358号(参照により、その全体が組み込まれる。)の優先権を主張する。
本発明は、アッセイ、例えば、ポリヌクレオチドのためのアッセイに関する。
典型的な実施形態によれば、堅固な基材と、該基材を少なくとも部分的に覆う柔軟なカバー要素と、基材中に形成され、液体を収容するように適合され、及び1つ又はそれ以上の細胞、芽胞又はウイルスの内容物を放出するように適合された第一の構造と(内容物は、標的分子(例えば、構造又はチャンバー又はウェル中の乾燥された緩衝液)を含む。)、基材中に形成され、液体を収容するように適合され、並びに標的分子を捕捉するように及び標的分子の存在及び/又は量に対する指標となる値を測定するように適合された少なくとも1つの結合要素を含む第二の構造(第一の構造とは異なり得る。)と、少なくとも第一の構造と第二の構造を相互接続する微小流体ネットワークと、並びに微小流体ネットワークの一部を選択的に閉鎖するために基材に対して柔軟なカバー要素を押圧することによって第一の構造と第二の構造の間に液体流を生じさせるように適合されたアクチュエータ要素とを含む、装置が提供される。
第二の結合要素上の、標的核酸と複合体を形成していないレポーター化合物の量の残りの一部を捕捉すること;並びに第二の結合要素上に捕捉されたレポーター化合物の存在及び/又は量に対する指標となる1つ又はそれ以上の値を測定すること。
生物学的試料の分析は、1つ又はそれ以上のポリヌクレオチド(例えば、DNA、RNA、mRNA又はrRNA)が試料中に存在するかどうかを測定することを含み得る。例えば、特定の病原体の存在の指標となるポリヌクレオチドが存在するかどうかを測定するために、試料を分析し得る。
b)それぞれ標的核酸及び捕捉分子を含む複合体を形成すること;
c)複合体を第一の結合要素に結合させるために、複合体を第一の結合要素と接触させること;
d)第一の結合要素から標的核酸の量の少なくとも一部を放出させること;
e)標的核酸の量の少なくとも一部とのレポーター化合物の量の一部の複合体を形成させること;
f)第二の結合要素上の、標的核酸と複合体を形成していないレポーター化合物の量の残りの一部を捕捉すること;並びに
g)第二の結合要素上に捕捉されたレポーター化合物の存在及び/又は量に対する指標となる値を測定すること。
−レポーター化合物のある量、レポーター化合物を結合することができる結合要素及びレポーター化合物を結合することができる標的核酸の量のある量を含む組成物を形成させること(レポーター化合物への標的核酸の結合は結合要素へのレポーター化合物の結合を阻害する。);
−標的核酸の量の少なくとも一部と、レポーター化合物の量の一部とを結合させること;
−結合要素上の、標的核酸と複合体を形成していないレポーター化合物の量の残りの一部とを結合させること;並びに
−結合要素に結合されたレポーター化合物の存在及び/又は量に対する指標となる値を測定すること
を含む。
−第一のレポーター化合物のある量と、
−第一のレポーター化合物と複合体を形成することができる第一の標的核酸の量と(第一のレポーター化合物との複合体の形成は結合要素による第一のレポーター化合物の捕捉を阻害する。)、
−第二のレポーター化合物のある量、並びに
−第二のレポーター化合物と複合体を形成することができる第二の標的核酸のある量(第二のレポーター化合物との複合体の形成は結合要素による第二のレポーター化合物の捕捉を阻害する。)
を含む組成物を形成することを含む。
徐冷工程は、変性された核酸テンプレート鎖へのプライマー分子の会合(すなわち、ハイブリッド形成/塩基対)を可能とするために、40から65℃の温度まで、典型的には1秒から5分間、分析されるべき試料を冷却することを含む。使用される反応温度は、プライマー分子のヌクレオチド配列組成、融点、分子内折り畳み(例えば、二本鎖ヘアピン又は折り返し構造の形成)の傾向など、徐冷されるべきプライマー分子の化学的及び/又は物理的特性に依存する。このような徐冷工程へ分析されるべき試料を供することによって、二本鎖標的分子の再会合、二本鎖レポーター分子の再会合、核酸標的とのレポーター化合物の複合体の形成及び標的核酸と複合体を形成していないレポーター化合物の、捕捉分子との複合体の形成(後者は、結合要素上のレポーター化合物の捕捉又は再捕捉をもたらす。)をさらにもたらし得る(すなわち、可能とし得る。)。従って、幾つかの実施形態において、徐冷工程は、レポーター化合物の量の一部の、標的核酸の量の少なくとも一部との複合体を形成させる工程と同時に、及び/又は結合要素上の標的核酸と複合体を形成していないレポーター化合物の量の残りの一部を捕捉する工程と同時に行われる。
−流体状態の試料を収容するように適合された装置中に、流体全血試料を導入すること;並びに
−装置中で行われた分析に基づいて、全血試料中のウイルス感染と関連する核酸の存在及び/又は量の指標となる値を測定することを含む、方法が提供される。
−1μLから50μLの容量を有する流体試料を準備すること;並びに
−装置中で行われた分析に基づいて、試料中のウイルス感染と関連する核酸の存在及び/又は量の指標となる値を測定することを含む方法が提供される。
−第二の結合要素からレポーター分子を放出させ、放出されたレポーター分子に、ウイルス感染と関連する核酸との複合体を形成させ、及びウイルス感染と関連する核酸と複合体を形成していないレポーター分子を第二の結合要素上に再捕捉させること;
−第二の結合要素上に捕捉されたレポーター分子の量に対する指標となる1つ若しくはそれ以上の値を測定すること;及び/又は
−レポーター分子の量に対する指標となる値に基づいて、ウイルス感染と関連する核酸の量に対する指標となる1つ若しくはそれ以上の値を測定すること
をさらに含む。
実施した競合的アッセイの原理は、図22中に模式的に示されている。適切な発現ベクター中(pCR(R)2.1−TOPO(R),Clontech,Inc.Palo Alto,CA,USA)にクローニングされたヒトポリオウイルス1単離株TCDCO1−861(GenBank受付番号AF538843)のDNAをDNAテンプレートとして使用した(本明細書では、「EV」(エンテロウイルス)DNAとも表記される。)。
pr for EV 02:5’−CAAACCAGTGATTGGCCTGTCGTAACG−3’(AF538843のヌクレオチド位置492から518に対応する。)
リバースPCRプライマー:
pr rev EV01:5’−TTCACCGGATGGCCAATCCAATTCG−3’(AF538843のヌクレオチド位置617から641に対応する。)。
(AF538843のヌクレオチド位置536から561に対応する。)。
EV2 02CY3:5’−ACCGACTACTTTGGGTGTCCGTGTTT−3’−CY3
(AF538843のヌクレオチド位置536から561に相当する。)の20nM(最終濃度)をさらに含有した。
実施した競合的アッセイの原理は、図24A中に模式的に示されている。発現ベクターpCR(R)2.1−TOPO(R)(Clontech,Inc.Palo Alto,CA,USA)のEcoRIエンドヌクレアーゼ制限部位中にクローニングされた合成HIV1gag/env融合構築物(EMBL受付番号A06258)のDNAをDNAテンプレートとして使用した。
リバースプライマー:
cdis:5’−ATCAAGCAGCCATGCAAATGTT−3’(A06258のヌクレオチド位置384から405に対応する。)。
ara 54986 NH2:5’−ACCAGCTTTGAACCCAACAC−3’受容体特異的プローブ:
cdso29 NH2:5’−ACCATCAATGAGGAAGCTGCAGAATGGGA−3’。
HIV救急、Friedrich−Schiller−University Jena、Germanyで投薬を受けた52名のHIV感染患者から、最初に血液試料を得た。患者らの性別、年齢、HIV感染の病因、臨床徴候、存在するHIVの種/サブタイプ、付随する疾患などによって患者はグループ分けされていない。
投薬計画中の様々な時間点で、実施例1に記載のアッセイに従い、HIV抗ウイルス療法を受けている上記対象集団からの5名のHIV陽性患者(即ち、患者#028、#003、#004、#009及び#066)の個々の血漿及び全血ウイルス量を調べた。得られた個々の結果を次の表3から7ならびに図33から35でまとめる。
Claims (12)
- 流体状態の試料を収容するように適合され、反応チャンバーを含む装置中に流体全血試料を導入する工程であって、前記反応チャンバーが第一の表面及び第二の表面を含み、及び、前記第一の表面又は前記第二の表面上に配置されたマイクロアレイをさらに含む工程;並びに
装置中でマイクロアレイに基づく分析を行うことによって、全血試料中のウイルス感染と関連する核酸の存在及び/又は量の指標となる値を測定する工程を含む方法。 - ウイルス感染と関連する核酸の存在及び/又は量の指標となる値に基づき、感染患者におけるウイルス負荷量の指標となる値を測定する工程をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 試料の容積が1μLから45μLである、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- ウイルス感染がHIV感染である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 流体状態の試料を収容するように適合された装置が微小流体装置である、請求項2〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 装置中で行われる分析が、試料から核酸を放出させる工程をさらに含み、当該放出工程が流体試料を溶解試薬と接触させる工程を任意で含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 装置中で行われる分析が、複合体を形成させる工程をさらに含み、各複合体はウイルス感染と関連する核酸と捕捉分子を含み、各捕捉分子は、ウイルス感染と関連する核酸のある領域に対して特異的な結合部分とアンカー基を含み、ここで、装置中で行われる分析が、複合体を装置の第一の結合要素と接触させる工程をさらに任意で含み、前記第一の結合要素は、複合体を第一の結合要素に結合するために、捕捉分子のアンカー基に結合するように構成されている、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ウイルス感染と関連する核酸と捕捉分子の複合体を形成させる工程が、複合体を第一の結合要素と接触させる工程から空間的に分離されて行われる、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 装置中で行われる分析が、ウイルス感染と関連する核酸を増幅する工程をさらに含み、核酸がPCRによって任意に増幅される、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 装置中で行われる分析が、ウイルス感染と関連する核酸と複合体を形成することができるレポーター化合物の一定量及び当該レポーター化合物を捕捉することができる第二の結合要素を準備する工程をさらに含み、レポーター化合物の核酸との複合体の形成が第二の結合要素によるレポーター化合物の捕捉を阻害する、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ウイルス感染と関連する核酸の量の少なくとも一部と、レポーター化合物の量の一部との複合体を形成させる工程;
第二の結合要素上の、ウイルス感染と関連する核酸と複合体を形成していないレポーター化合物の量の残りの一部を捕捉する工程;並びに
第二の結合要素上に捕捉されたレポーター化合物の存在及び/又は量に対する指標となる値を測定する工程をさらに含み、並びに、
レポーター化合物の量に対する指標となる値に基づいて、ウイルス感染と関連する核酸の量の指標となる1つ又はそれ以上の値を測定することをさらに任意で含む、請求項10に記載の方法。 - ウイルス感染と関連する核酸を増幅に供する工程をさらに含み、核酸の量の少なくとも一部とレポーター化合物の量の一部の複合体を形成させる工程の前に、核酸の増幅が開始される、請求項11に記載の方法。
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