JP2018505191A - 腎不全患者治療のためのカルボン酸混合物 - Google Patents
腎不全患者治療のためのカルボン酸混合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2018505191A JP2018505191A JP2017541850A JP2017541850A JP2018505191A JP 2018505191 A JP2018505191 A JP 2018505191A JP 2017541850 A JP2017541850 A JP 2017541850A JP 2017541850 A JP2017541850 A JP 2017541850A JP 2018505191 A JP2018505191 A JP 2018505191A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- mixture
- acids
- mixed
- patients
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title abstract description 52
- 208000001647 Renal Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 title description 4
- 201000006370 kidney failure Diseases 0.000 title description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 208000020832 chronic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003797 essential amino acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000020776 essential amino acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 206010020575 Hyperammonaemia Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010253 intravenous injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 150000007513 acids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 44
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 32
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 32
- 235000011087 fumaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical group [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000009304 Acute Kidney Injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000033626 Renal failure acute Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 201000011040 acute kidney failure Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000012998 acute renal failure Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000019423 liver disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000002720 Malnutrition Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001071 malnutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000000824 malnutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000015380 nutritional deficiency disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004143 urea cycle Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010040047 Sepsis Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical group [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960003563 calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000001072 type 2 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010014935 Enzyme abnormality Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004227 calcium gluconate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004494 calcium gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013927 calcium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate Chemical group [Ca+2].OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940016409 methylsulfonylmethane Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002980 postoperative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000001076 sarcopenia Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000027205 Congenital disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010046334 Urease Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005084 calcitriol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- GMRQFYUYWCNGIN-NKMMMXOESA-N calcitriol Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@@H](CCCC(C)(C)O)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)C[C@H](O)C1=C GMRQFYUYWCNGIN-NKMMMXOESA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020964 calcitriol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011612 calcitriol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N lactose group Chemical group OC1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O2)CO)[C@H](O1)CO GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005976 liver dysfunction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N (R)-carnitine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](O)CC([O-])=O PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000004246 Agave americana Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010011485 Aspartame Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001202 Inulin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004376 Sucralose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- YGCFIWIQZPHFLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N acesulfame Chemical group CC1=CC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)O1 YGCFIWIQZPHFLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005164 acesulfame Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000605 aspartame Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N aspartame Chemical group OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010357 aspartame Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003438 aspartame Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium lactate Chemical group [Ca+2].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001527 calcium lactate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011086 calcium lactate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002401 calcium lactate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N inulin Chemical group O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)OC[C@]1(OC[C@]2(OC[C@]3(OC[C@]4(OC[C@]5(OC[C@]6(OC[C@]7(OC[C@]8(OC[C@]9(OC[C@]%10(OC[C@]%11(OC[C@]%12(OC[C@]%13(OC[C@]%14(OC[C@]%15(OC[C@]%16(OC[C@]%17(OC[C@]%18(OC[C@]%19(OC[C@]%20(OC[C@]%21(OC[C@]%22(OC[C@]%23(OC[C@]%24(OC[C@]%25(OC[C@]%26(OC[C@]%27(OC[C@]%28(OC[C@]%29(OC[C@]%30(OC[C@]%31(OC[C@]%32(OC[C@]%33(OC[C@]%34(OC[C@]%35(OC[C@]%36(O[C@@H]%37[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%37)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%36)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%35)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%34)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%33)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%32)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%31)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%30)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%29)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%28)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%27)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%26)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%25)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%24)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%23)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%22)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%21)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%20)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%19)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%18)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%17)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%16)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%15)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%14)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%13)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%12)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%11)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%10)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O9)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O8)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O7)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O6)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O5)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O4)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940029339 inulin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021096 natural sweeteners Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N sucralose Chemical group O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@]1(CCl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CCl)O1 BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019408 sucralose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003080 taurine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 5
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 claims 4
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 244000228451 Stevia rebaudiana Species 0.000 claims 1
- 206010067584 Type 1 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 229940124325 anabolic agent Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003263 anabolic agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007938 effervescent tablet Substances 0.000 claims 1
- BJHIKXHVCXFQLS-UYFOZJQFSA-N fructose group Chemical group OCC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO BJHIKXHVCXFQLS-UYFOZJQFSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 claims 1
- 235000006486 human diet Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- HELXLJCILKEWJH-NCGAPWICSA-N rebaudioside A Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]([C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)O[C@]12C(=C)C[C@@]3(C1)CC[C@@H]1[C@@](C)(CCC[C@]1([C@@H]3CC2)C)C(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HELXLJCILKEWJH-NCGAPWICSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000185 sucrose group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 76
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 abstract description 39
- KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxoglutaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(=O)C(O)=O KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 33
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 33
- KHPXUQMNIQBQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxaloacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(=O)C(O)=O KHPXUQMNIQBQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 26
- 201000000523 end stage renal failure Diseases 0.000 abstract description 20
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 20
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 19
- HWXBTNAVRSUOJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxyglutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CCC(O)=O HWXBTNAVRSUOJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229940009533 alpha-ketoglutaric acid Drugs 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000001631 haemodialysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000000322 hemodialysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005891 transamination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000003907 kidney function Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012959 renal replacement therapy Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000028208 end stage renal disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Gluconic acid Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- PPBAJDRXASKAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;urea Chemical compound N.NC(N)=O PPBAJDRXASKAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatinine Chemical compound CN1CC(=O)NC1=N DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 38
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 33
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 33
- 229940099690 malic acid Drugs 0.000 description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 31
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 29
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyruvic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)C(O)=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 229940109239 creatinine Drugs 0.000 description 22
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229960005137 succinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 15
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 15
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 14
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-leucine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 13
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 235000011044 succinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229960000310 isoleucine Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 229960003136 leucine Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 229940107700 pyruvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 229960004295 valine Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 150000008575 L-amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N L-isoleucine Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 11
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Natural products CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoleucine Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000004102 tricarboxylic acid cycle Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 11
- ZSLZBFCDCINBPY-ZSJPKINUSA-N acetyl-CoA Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCSC(=O)C)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC(N)=C2N=C1 ZSLZBFCDCINBPY-ZSJPKINUSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229960002598 fumaric acid Drugs 0.000 description 10
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-histidine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-arginine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCN=C(N)N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000014852 L-arginine Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229930064664 L-arginine Natural products 0.000 description 8
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 8
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- GRYSXUXXBDSYRT-WOUKDFQISA-N (2r,3r,4r,5r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-5-[6-(methylamino)purin-9-yl]oxolan-3-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(NC)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC GRYSXUXXBDSYRT-WOUKDFQISA-N 0.000 description 7
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920000439 Sulodexide Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229960005261 aspartic acid Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229960002989 glutamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 208000017169 kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- OXCMYAYHXIHQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;[2-butyl-5-chloro-3-[[4-[2-(1,2,4-triaza-3-azanidacyclopenta-1,4-dien-5-yl)phenyl]phenyl]methyl]imidazol-4-yl]methanol Chemical compound [K+].CCCCC1=NC(Cl)=C(CO)N1CC1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2=N[N-]N=N2)C=C1 OXCMYAYHXIHQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229960003491 sulodexide Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 102000003951 Erythropoietin Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108090000394 Erythropoietin Proteins 0.000 description 6
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AHLPHDHHMVZTML-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Ornithine Chemical compound NCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O AHLPHDHHMVZTML-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 6
- AHLPHDHHMVZTML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orn-delta-NH2 Natural products NCCCC(N)C(O)=O AHLPHDHHMVZTML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UTJLXEIPEHZYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ornithine Natural products OC(=O)C(C)CCCN UTJLXEIPEHZYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 6
- RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Chemical compound CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229960004106 citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229940105423 erythropoietin Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229960002885 histidine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229960003104 ornithine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 208000010444 Acidosis Diseases 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000005693 branched-chain amino acids Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000022831 chronic renal failure syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 235000020905 low-protein-diet Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960002898 threonine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-J ATP(4-) Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-J 0.000 description 4
- ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenosine triphosphate Natural products C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1C1OC(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)C(O)C1O ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000007342 Diabetic Nephropathies Diseases 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 4
- 208000002682 Hyperkalemia Diseases 0.000 description 4
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 description 4
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010027417 Metabolic acidosis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-M Pyruvate Chemical compound CC(=O)C([O-])=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric Acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1NC(=O)N2 LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric acid Natural products N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2NC(=O)NC21 TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001195 anabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000009697 arginine Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229960003121 arginine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-HNQUOIGGSA-N cis-Aconitic acid Natural products OC(=O)C\C(C(O)=O)=C/C(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-HNQUOIGGSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N cis-aconitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C(C(O)=O)=C\C(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000009615 deamination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006481 deamination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 208000033679 diabetic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- ODBLHEXUDAPZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocitric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)C(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O ODBLHEXUDAPZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 isoleucine amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LCCNCVORNKJIRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N parathion Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 LCCNCVORNKJIRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940076788 pyruvate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-aconitic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003627 tricarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229960004441 tyrosine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocaffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N(C)C=N2 LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 3
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000007502 anemia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229960001948 caffeine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1C=CN2C VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000024924 glomerular filtration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000018977 lysine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960003646 lysine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960004452 methionine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004303 peritoneum Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 235000021075 protein intake Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960004799 tryptophan Drugs 0.000 description 3
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropansäure Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000009836 Aconitate hydratase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010009924 Aconitate hydratase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000243818 Annelida Species 0.000 description 2
- ODBLHEXUDAPZAU-ZAFYKAAXSA-N D-threo-isocitric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O ODBLHEXUDAPZAU-ZAFYKAAXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010018367 Glomerulonephritis chronic Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ODBLHEXUDAPZAU-FONMRSAGSA-N Isocitric acid Natural products OC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O ODBLHEXUDAPZAU-FONMRSAGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N L-asparagine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010053763 Pyruvate Carboxylase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Threonine Natural products CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010063661 Vascular encephalopathy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 description 2
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002612 cardiopulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 2
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001434 glomerular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000005991 hyperphosphatemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002171 loop diuretic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006241 metabolic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000010125 myocardial infarction Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960005190 phenylalanine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001243 protein synthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930188627 soysaponin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- WPLOVIFNBMNBPD-ATHMIXSHSA-N subtilin Chemical compound CC1SCC(NC2=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C(C)CC)C(=O)NC(=C)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(O)=O)CSC(C)C2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C1NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C1NC(=O)C(=C/C)/NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C2NC(=O)CNC(=O)C3CCCN3C(=O)C(NC(=O)C3NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(=C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(N)CC=4C5=CC=CC=C5NC=4)CSC3)C(C)SC2)C(C)C)C(C)SC1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WPLOVIFNBMNBPD-ATHMIXSHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002485 urinary effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- GQYAUZAWKROOLF-IPIKRLCPSA-N (2s)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid;(2s)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O.OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GQYAUZAWKROOLF-IPIKRLCPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STGNLGBPLOVYMA-MAZDBSFSSA-N (E)-but-2-enedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O.OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O STGNLGBPLOVYMA-MAZDBSFSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWKSKIMOESPYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)NC(CS)C(O)=O PWKSKIMOESPYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDGAVODICPCDMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-3-[3-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC(N(CCCl)CCCl)=C1 QDGAVODICPCDMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONFOSYPQQXJWGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid Chemical compound CSCCC(O)C(O)=O ONFOSYPQQXJWGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010030844 2-methylcitrate synthase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FZIPCQLKPTZZIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxidanylpropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O FZIPCQLKPTZZIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKAJNAXTPSGJCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(=O)C(O)=O BKAJNAXTPSGJCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1(C)OC(=O)N(C(N)=O)C1=O QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGYXYKHTHJPEBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethoxy-3-ethoxycarbonyl-3-hydroxy-5-oxopentanoic acid Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(O)(CC(O)=O)C(=O)OCC KGYXYKHTHJPEBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUKRTJQSGPLQKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methylsulfonyl-3h-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C2OC(=O)NC2=C1 QUKRTJQSGPLQKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010001580 Albuminuria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000000044 Amnesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004452 Arginase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700024123 Arginases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010003591 Ataxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010007733 Catabolic state Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010071536 Citrate (Si)-synthase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000006732 Citrate synthase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000243321 Cnidaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010010356 Congenital anomaly Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026372 Congenital cystic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000938605 Crocodylia Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000026292 Cystic Kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-OH-Asp Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-alpha-Ala Natural products CC([NH3+])C([O-])=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEVWYRKDKASIDU-QWWZWVQMSA-N D-cystine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](N)CSSC[C@@H](N)C(O)=O LEVWYRKDKASIDU-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710088194 Dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010012335 Dependence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKMROQRQHGEIOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl succinate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCC DKMROQRQHGEIOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010036781 Fumarate Hydratase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000022461 Glomerular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002527 Glycogen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002683 Glycosaminoglycan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003839 Human Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000144 Human Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035150 Hypercholesterolemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000001431 Hyperuricemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000003623 Hypoalbuminemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000013038 Hypocalcemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004877 Insulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000012011 Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010075869 Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UWTATZPHSA-N L-Alanine Natural products C[C@@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UWTATZPHSA-N L-Aspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)[C@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-Methionine Natural products CSCCC(N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182816 L-glutamine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930182844 L-isoleucine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004395 L-leucine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019454 L-leucine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930195722 L-methionine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930182821 L-proline Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910017569 La2(CO3)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000270322 Lepidosauria Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000013460 Malate Dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010026217 Malate Dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000026139 Memory disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000008934 Muscle Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010074084 Muscle Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010028289 Muscle atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930012538 Paclitaxel Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010035664 Pneumonia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005374 Poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101710104378 Putative malate oxidoreductase [NAD] Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100039895 Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial Human genes 0.000 description 1
- GRLJIIJNZJVMGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N S-Methyl butanethioate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)SC GRLJIIJNZJVMGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000007562 Serum Albumin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010071390 Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000001880 Sexual dysfunction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000019259 Succinate Dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010012901 Succinate Dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010042674 Swelling Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007536 Thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000036142 Viral infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930003270 Vitamin B Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007950 acidosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000026545 acidosis disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000577 adipose tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000464 adrenergic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003767 alanine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NDAUXUAQIAJITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N albuterol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(CO)=C1 NDAUXUAQIAJITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OFCNXPDARWKPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N allopurinol Chemical compound OC1=NC=NC2=C1C=NN2 OFCNXPDARWKPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003459 allopurinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000037354 amino acid metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940041181 antineoplastic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001483 arginine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000037849 arterial hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008122 artificial sweetener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021311 artificial sweeteners Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001230 asparagine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002567 autonomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000023555 blood coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009535 clinical urine test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005515 coenzyme Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002648 combination therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002433 cysteine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003067 cystine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001086 cytosolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000385 dialysis solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020805 dietary restrictions Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013681 dietary sucrose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YSAVZVORKRDODB-WDSKDSINSA-N diethyl tartrate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(=O)OCC YSAVZVORKRDODB-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002249 digestive system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000005293 duran Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014103 egg white Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000969 egg white Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002996 emotional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003527 eukaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010016256 fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003883 furosemide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000852 glomerular disease Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000004110 gluconeogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000001727 glucose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009229 glucose formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002743 glutamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002449 glycine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940096919 glycogen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000087 hemolymph Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002440 hepatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001981 hip bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005260 human cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 208000006575 hypertriglyceridemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000705 hypocalcaemia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000031891 intestinal absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004347 intestinal mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004715 keto acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940116298 l- malic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- NZPIUJUFIFZSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-H lanthanum carbonate Chemical compound [La+3].[La+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O NZPIUJUFIFZSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229960001633 lanthanum carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940049920 malate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006984 memory degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000023060 memory loss Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003470 mitochondria Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016337 monopotassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000000585 muscular atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000008383 nephritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000885 nephron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000003715 nutritional status Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007935 oral tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940096978 oral tablet Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012261 overproduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001592 paclitaxel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010034674 peritonitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KYKNRZGSIGMXFH-ZVGUSBNCSA-M potassium bitartrate Chemical compound [K+].OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O KYKNRZGSIGMXFH-ZVGUSBNCSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940081543 potassium bitartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000037821 progressive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001236 prokaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960002429 proline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000017854 proteolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010038433 renal dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002052 salbutamol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960001153 serine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003693 sevelamer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZNSIZMQNQCNRBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sevelamer Chemical compound NCC=C.ClCC1CO1 ZNSIZMQNQCNRBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000872 sexual dysfunction Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- IFGCUJZIWBUILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium 2-[[2-[[hydroxy-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyphosphoryl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C=1NC2=CC=CC=C2C=1CC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NP(O)(=O)OC1OC(C)C(O)C(O)C1O IFGCUJZIWBUILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940006186 sodium polystyrene sulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNOYUJKHFWYWIR-ITIYDSSPSA-N succinyl-CoA Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCSC(=O)CCC(O)=O)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC(N)=C2N=C1 VNOYUJKHFWYWIR-ITIYDSSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N taxol Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tristearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014107 unsaturated dietary fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003604 ureolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009385 viral infection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011720 vitamin B Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/194—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having two or more carboxyl groups, e.g. succinic, maleic or phthalic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/15—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
- A61K31/047—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates having two or more hydroxy groups, e.g. sorbitol
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/095—Sulfur, selenium, or tellurium compounds, e.g. thiols
- A61K31/10—Sulfides; Sulfoxides; Sulfones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/205—Amine addition salts of organic acids; Inner quaternary ammonium salts, e.g. betaine, carnitine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/365—Lactones
- A61K31/375—Ascorbic acid, i.e. vitamin C; Salts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
- A61K31/4188—1,3-Diazoles condensed with other heterocyclic ring systems, e.g. biotin, sorbinil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/455—Nicotinic acids, e.g. niacin; Derivatives thereof, e.g. esters, amides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
- A61K31/51—Thiamines, e.g. vitamin B1
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
- A61K31/525—Isoalloxazines, e.g. riboflavins, vitamin B2
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/59—Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
- A61K31/593—9,10-Secocholestane derivatives, e.g. cholecalciferol, i.e. vitamin D3
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
- A61K31/675—Phosphorus compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pyridoxal phosphate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7135—Compounds containing heavy metals
- A61K31/714—Cobalamins, e.g. cyanocobalamin, i.e. vitamin B12
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/06—Aluminium, calcium or magnesium; Compounds thereof, e.g. clay
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/06—Aluminium, calcium or magnesium; Compounds thereof, e.g. clay
- A61K33/10—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A61K33/26—Iron; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/02—Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C55/00—Saturated compounds having more than one carboxyl group bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C55/02—Dicarboxylic acids
- C07C55/10—Succinic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C55/00—Saturated compounds having more than one carboxyl group bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C55/02—Dicarboxylic acids
- C07C55/20—Sebacic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
II.1. 慢性腎不全
II.2. 急性腎不全
II.3. 慢性又は急性肝機能障害で高アンモニア血症を伴うもの
II.4. 尿素回路酵素異常を伴う先天性疾病
II.5. 窒化物不足状態を伴うヒトの病状、つまり
II.5.1. 敗血症
II.5.2. やけど
II.5.3. 手術後状態
II.5.4. アミノ酸混合物を含む、非経口栄養補助物
II.5.5. 経口栄養補助物
II.5.6. サルコペニア
II.5.7. がん
II.5.8. 栄養失調
II.6. 糖尿病
1.− 55歳以上の米国市民は平均で26年生きる、つまり平均寿命は81歳である。
2.− 55歳以上の米国市民のうち生体腎移植を受けた者は平均で15年生きる、つまり平均寿命は70歳である。しかしながら、
3.− 55歳以上で透析を受ける者は平均5年、つまり60歳までしか生きられない。
4.− 米国で透析を受ける全患者の平均存命期間は、3年である。この数字が示す通り存命期間が短いのは、患者が透析を受け始める年齢が65歳を超えていることによる。血液透析治療の実績は、直近20年では殆ど変化が無い(米国では患者の90%が血液透析を受け、腹膜透析は10%に過ぎない)
ESRD、つまりCKDのステージ5を糸球体濾過量が体表面の15mL/min/1.73m2未満に低下することと定めると、その治療は今日まで以下のようなものである。
1.a. 血液透析は、米国にて年間高額な80,000米ドルの費用がかかっている治療方法である。『メキシコにおけるCKD疫学』という研究によると、メキシコでは一般平均寿命は32か月と見込まれている。一方、米国では一般平均寿命は36ヶ月前後と報告されている。生活の質において言っておかねばならないのは、大抵の場合患者は自宅で血液透析をする場合を除き、病院や専門クリニックに行って週3回、3〜4時間透析のためにそこに居なければならないことだ。
1.b. 腹膜透析については、米国では年間60,000ドルの費用がかかり、平均寿命は米国での血液透析の場合に類似する。メキシコの場合は、一般平均寿命は30.6ヶ月との記録があった。(Mendez−Duran,Mendez−Bueno,Tapia−Yanez,Munoz Montes,&Aguilar−Sanchez,2010).重要な点は、患者一人が平均して1年に一度は細菌性腹膜炎にかかってしまうことで、重篤な場合治すのに28日必要であるということだ。(メキシコ保健省、2009年)。
1.c. 腎臓移植については2通りの方法がある。つまり、死体腎移植の場合存命期間は血液・腹膜透析を行う患者に類似するが、生体腎移植の場合は平均寿命が15〜17年となり、かつ生活の質も大きく向上し年間治療費も大変安くなる。米国の場合は、年間で30,000ドル程度であるとされる。
我々の新しい特許はジカルボン酸・トリカルボン酸の混合物を用い、CKD及びその他症状、例えば急性腎不全、慢性又は急性肝機能障害で高アンモニア血症を伴うもの、尿素回路酵素異常を伴う先天性疾病や、窒化物不足状態となる病状を呈する疾病、つまり敗血症、やけど、あるいは術後状態に用いたり、非経口でのアミノ酸混合物を含む栄養補助物、経口栄養補助物として、サルコペニア、ガン、栄養失調や糖尿病の患者の治療に用いるものである。特に、この混合物は以下からなる。1)リンゴ酸(ヒドロキシブタン二酸)ラセミ体混合物、2)フマル酸(トランスブテン二酸)、3)コハク酸(ブタン二酸)、および4)クエン酸(2−ヒドロキシプロパン−1,2,3−トリカルボン酸)これらの酸は、単体あるいは以下の組み合わせによって用いることが出来る。つまり、
1.− クエン酸にコハク酸、フマル酸やリンゴ酸を混合(4種の酸を混合)
2.− コハク酸にフマル酸、リンゴ酸を混合(3種の酸を混合)
3.− コハク酸にクエン酸とリンゴ酸を混合(3種の酸を混合)
4.− クエン酸にフマル酸とリンゴ酸を混合(3種の酸を混合)
5.− クエン酸にフマル酸とコハク酸を混合(3種の酸を混合)
6.− フマル酸にリンゴ酸を混合(2種の酸を混合)
7.− コハク酸にリンゴ酸を混合(2種の酸を混合)
8.− コハク酸にフマル酸を混合(2種の酸を混合)
9.− クエン酸にリンゴ酸を混合(2種の酸を混合)
10.− クエン酸にフマル酸を混合(2種の酸を混合)
11.− クエン酸にコハク酸を混合(2種の酸を混合)
12− クエン酸単体(1種の酸のみで、コハク酸、フマル酸やリンゴ酸と混合しない)
13.− コハク酸単体(1種の酸のみで、クエン酸、フマル酸やリンゴ酸と混合しない)
14.− フマル酸単体(1種の酸のみで、コハク酸、クエン酸やリンゴ酸と混合しない)
15.− リンゴ酸単体(1種の酸のみで、コハク酸、フマル酸やクエン酸と混合しない)
a) ヒトなどを含む動物界、植物界やキノコ、原生生物、そしてバクテリアなど菌界といった全ての生物において行われる、普遍的な代謝回路である。
b) 一般的な代謝の中心をなす回路である。
c) 2系統の相関した反応回路であり、一つは異化反応として炭化化合物を利用しATPを通してエネルギーやNAD・FADといった電子伝達物質を産生する。また同化反応では回路中のなかだちとなる物質や、他にオキサロ酢酸やα−ケトグルタル酸がスターターとして利用され、その他の分子、特に本特許の科学的根拠における課題として考慮されている非必須アミノ酸を構成する。
d) 同時に、同化反応ではいくつかのなかだちとなる物質(オキサロ酢酸、α−ケトグルタル酸、アセチルCoA)が回路から取り出され、回路中の化合物とは異なった新規の分子を産生する。これは消費反応として知られており、なかだちとなる物質の補充を行う反応により補填される。
1.− タンパク質について一人日当たり、キロあたり0.6〜0.8グラムの食事制限をすることが望ましい。つまり体重70キロの男性の場合、1日42〜56グラムのタンパク質を摂取する。理想としては、生体的に質の高いタンパク質である。
2.− ある大数の、摂取されるタンパク質に対する平均的アミノ酸の量は以下の表1にて、4列目に記されている。これら20種のアミノ酸のうち、14種には窒素(N)が1つ、4種には2つ、1種には3つ、1種には4つある。原子量は、6列目に記載されている。前述のデータを相関させると、平均で1モルはタンパク質で125.76グラム、窒素は18.802グラムの重さとなる。
1 アミノ酸を構成する物質の原子質量は以下の通り。:水素...1、炭素...12、窒素...14、酸素...16、硫黄...32
2 各アミノ酸の比重は、原子質量ごとの平均的タンパク質にある、アミノ酸における比率を掛けて算出した。そこから、タンパク質を構成する各アミノ酸の比重を足して、タンパク質の平均重量125.76グラムを算出した。
3 タンパク質中の含有率に比例する各アミノ酸の窒素原子量は、窒素比重にアミノ酸ごとの原子量を掛け、これを原子質量で割ったものに等しい。平均タンパク質中の各アミノ酸における窒素原子数の合計は、1.34である。
4 窒素1モルあたりが14グラムであるので、これが1.34モルでは18.8グラムということが出来る。
1.− 尿素が生成される前に、肝臓でアンモニウムを捕捉することにより
1.1− 体内組織中に蓄積するアンモニウム、およびこの毒性による影響を減らす。
1.2− 体内組織中に蓄積する尿素、およびこの毒性による影響を減らす。
2.− ジカルボン酸(コハク酸、フマル酸、リンゴ酸)がケトオキサロ酢酸となる酵素反応や、ケトオキサロ酢酸がアミノ基転移を通してアスパラギン酸やその他関連アミノ酸を生成する際、これらの酸によりアンモニウムを捕捉する。一方クエン酸はcis−アコニット酸やイソクエン酸になった後、二酸化炭素とα−ケトグルタル酸を生成し炭素原子を1つ失う。α−ケトグルタル酸はアミノ基転移により、グルタル酸やその他関連アミノ酸を生成する。
2.1− 窒素量のバランスを改善する。
2.2− 非必須アミノ酸合成量を増やす。
2.3− 栄養状態を改善する。
2.4−血中アルブミンの血清量を増やす。
3.− 枝状鎖アミノ酸α−ケトアナログのカルシウム塩とL−アミノ酸混合物を合わせたものから成る、これまでの特許に対して、味覚を改善する。
4.− 患者の治療アドヒアランスを改善する。
5.− 生活の質を改善する。
6.− 治療費用を削減する。
7.− 炭酸カルシウム、酢酸カルシウム、グルコン酸カルシウムや乳酸カルシウムに混ぜることにより、食物中のリン酸塩をキレート剤として用いることが出来る。このカルシウム塩の混合は、以下のようなメリットとなる。
7.1− 混合物のpHを緩衝する。
7.2− 胃腸を保護する。
7.3− 個別に服用せねばならない、リンのキレート剤を用いた薬剤の追加使用に伴うESRD治療の費用を低減し、かつ治療全体へのアドヒアランスを得る。
8.− CKDステージ4〜5で非常に顕著な症状である代謝性アシドーシスを、以下2つの目的のために重曹を追加することで、改善する。
8.1− ジカルボン酸混合物の緩衝。
8.2− CKDステージ4〜5の特徴である、代謝性アシドーシスの改善。および、
8.3− アシドーシスに伴い悪化する高カリウム血症や、これに伴い大変致命的となる諸症状悪化から患者を守る。
前述II.にて本発明における利用分野について、III.では本特許が利用される分野の技術的現状について、またIV.では本特許の説明とこれを開発するに至った科学的根拠について述べた。したがい、以下について請求項とする。
Claims (81)
- カルボン酸の混合物、特にクエン酸、コハク酸、フマル酸、リンゴ酸、およびこれを用いたヒトへの食事療法を、CKD、急性腎不全、慢性又は急性肝機能障害で高アンモニア血症を伴うもの、尿素回路酵素異常を伴う先天性疾病や、窒化物不足状態となる病状を呈するヒトの疾病、つまり敗血症、やけど、あるいは術後状態に用いたり、非経口でのアミノ酸混合物を含む栄養補助物、経口栄養補助物として、サルコペニア、ガン、栄養失調や糖尿病の患者の治療に用いること。
- 請求項1に記載の通り、本発明はカルボン酸混合物、とりわけ3種のジカルボン酸と1種のトリカルボン酸の混合物にある。
- 請求項2に記載の通り、ジカルボン酸とは特にコハク酸、フマル酸、リンゴ酸であり、トリカルボン酸はクエン酸である。
- 請求項1〜3に記載の通り、これらの酸によりコハク酸、フマル酸、リンゴ酸とクエン酸の混合物を形成する。
- 請求項1〜4に記載の通り、コハク酸、フマル酸、リンゴ酸およびクエン酸の混合物は、4種混合として最も完全であるが、これだけに限らず、コハク酸、フマル酸、リンゴ酸とクエン酸の中から選択したジカルボン酸・トリカルボン酸の混合物において、そのいずれを組み合わせることも有用であり、以下にこれを示す。
- 請求項1〜5にて記載の通り、クエン酸にコハク酸、フマル酸やリンゴ酸を混合(4種の酸を混合)。
- 請求項1〜5にて記載の通り、,コハク酸にフマル酸やリンゴ酸を混合(3種の酸を混合)。
- 請求項1〜5にて記載の通り、,コハク酸にクエン酸やリンゴ酸を混合(3種の酸を混合)。
- 請求項1〜5にて記載の通り、,クエン酸にフマル酸やリンゴ酸を混合(3種の酸を混合)。
- 請求項1〜5にて記載の通り、,クエン酸にフマル酸やコハク酸を混合(3種の酸を混合)。
- 請求項1〜5にて記載の通り、,フマル酸にリンゴ酸を混合(2種の酸を混合)。
- 請求項1〜5にて記載の通り、,コハク酸にリンゴ酸を混合(2種の酸を混合)。
- 請求項1〜5にて記載の通り、,コハク酸にフマル酸を混合(2種の酸を混合)。
- 請求項1〜5にて記載の通り、,クエン酸にリンゴ酸を混合(2種の酸を混合)。
- 請求項1〜5にて記載の通り、,クエン酸にフマル酸を混合(2種の酸を混合)。
- 請求項1〜5にて記載の通り、,クエン酸にコハク酸を混合(2種の酸を混合)。
- 請求項3に記載の通り、クエン酸単体(単独で、コハク酸、フマル酸、リンゴ酸のいずれとも混ぜない)。
- 請求項3に記載の通り、コハク酸単体(単独で、クエン酸、フマル酸、リンゴ酸のいずれとも混ぜない)。
- 請求項3に記載の通り、フマル酸単体(単独で、クエン酸、コハク酸、リンゴ酸のいずれとも混ぜない)。
- 請求項3に記載の通り、リンゴ酸単体(単独で、クエン酸、コハク酸、フマル酸のいずれとも混ぜない)。
- 請求項1〜20に記載の通り、コハク酸は単体、または酸の混合物の構成として、1回の用量が10〜600ミリモル(1.18〜70.8グラム)である。
- 請求項21に記載の通り、コハク酸は単体、または酸の混合物の構成として、1日の用量が10〜1800ミリモル(1.18〜212.4グラム)である。
- 請求項1〜20に記載の通り、フマル酸は単体、または酸の混合物の構成として、1回の用量が10〜600ミリモル(1.16〜69.6グラム)である。
- 請求項23に記載の通り、フマル酸は単体、または酸の混合物の構成として、1日の用量が10〜1800ミリモル(1.16〜208.8グラム)である。
- 請求項1〜20に記載の通り、リンゴ酸は単体、または酸の混合物の構成として、1回の用量が10〜600ミリモル(1.34〜80.4グラム)である。
- 請求項25に記載の通り、リンゴ酸は単体、または酸の混合物の構成として、1日の用量が10〜1800ミリモル(1.34〜241グラム)である。
- 請求項1〜20に記載の通り、クエン酸は単体、または酸の混合物の構成として、1回の用量が12〜600ミリモル(2.304〜116.4グラム)である。
- 請求項27に記載の通り、クエン酸は単体、または酸の混合物の構成として、1日の用量が12〜1800ミリモル(2.304〜345.6グラム)である。
- 請求項1〜28に記載の通り、コハク酸、フマル酸、リンゴ酸およびクエン酸から選択した酸の混合物、あるいはそれぞれ単体は、経口投与にて使用される。
- 請求項29に記載の通り、酸の混合物あるいはそれぞれ単体は、経口投与時粉末にて水に溶いて使用される。
- 請求項29に記載の通り、果汁に溶かして使用される。
- 請求項29に記載の通り、酸の混合物あるいはそれぞれ単体は、発泡性錠剤の形にされる。
- 請求項29に記載の通り、混合物はあらかじめ混ぜた、あるいは溶かした形で、果汁に含有される。
- 請求項29に記載の通り、混合物はあらかじめ混ぜた、あるいは溶かした形で、飲料に含有される。
- 請求項1〜34に記載の通り、酸の混合物あるいはそれぞれ単体は、さらにその他カルボン酸、例えば酒石酸などに混ぜ、経口時の味覚を良くしたり、溶けやすくしたりされる。
- 請求項1〜35に記載の通り、酸の混合物あるいはそれぞれ単体は、さらリン酸キレート剤に混ぜられる。
- 請求項36に記載の通り、リン酸キレート剤は炭酸カルシウムである。
- 請求項36に記載の通り、リン酸キレート剤は酢酸カルシウムである。
- 請求項36に記載の通り、リン酸キレート剤はグルコン酸カルシウムである。
- 請求項36に記載の通り、リン酸キレート剤は乳酸カルシウムである。
- 請求項1〜40に記載の通り、混合物には重曹が追加される。
- 請求項1〜41に記載の通り、混合物にはビタミンCが追加される。
- 請求項1〜42に記載の通り、混合物には葉酸が追加される。
- 請求項1〜43に記載の通り、混合物には硫酸鉄が追加される。
- 請求項1〜44に記載の通り、混合物にはカルシトリオールが追加される。
- 請求項1〜45に記載の通り、酸の混合物あるいはそれぞれ単体には、合成甘味料が追加される。
- 請求項46に記載の通り、合成甘味料はアセスルファムである。
- 請求項46に記載の通り、合成甘味料はアスパルテームである。
- 請求項46に記載の通り、合成甘味料はスクラロースである。
- 請求項1〜49に記載の通り、酸の混合物あるいはそれぞれ単体には、ステビアのような天然甘味料も追加される。
- 請求項1〜50にて記載の通り、酸の混合物あるいはそれぞれ単体には、二糖類も追加される。
- 請求項51にて記載の通り、二糖類はサッカロースである。
- 請求項51にて記載の通り、二糖類はラクトースである。
- 請求項1〜53にて記載の通り、酸の混合物あるいはそれぞれ単体には、単糖
類も追加される。 - 請求項54にて記載の通り、単糖類はフラクトースである。
- 請求項54にて記載の通り、単糖類はグルコースである。
- 請求項1〜56にて記載の通り、酸の混合物あるいはそれぞれ単体には、多糖類も追加される。
- 請求項57にて記載の通り、多糖類はイヌリンである。
- 請求項57にて記載の通り、多糖類はリュウゼツランの蜜である。
- 請求項1〜59にて記載の通り、タウリンが追加される。
- 請求項1〜60に記載の通り、α−脂肪酸が追加される。
- 請求項1〜61に記載の通り、MSM(メチルスルフォニルメタン)が追加される。
- 請求項1〜62に記載の通り、L−カルチニンが追加される。
- 請求項1〜63に記載の通り、1日キログラムあたり0.6〜0.8グラムにタンパク質を制限した食事を並行で行う。好ましくは生体的に質の高いタンパク質、例えば乳清分離タンパク質や、卵の白身、あるいは必須アミノ酸欠乏を補うような、より生体的に質の低いタンパク質の組み合わせである。
- 請求項1〜64に記載の通り、この治療法は尿量増加と並行して行われる。
- 請求項1〜65に記載の通り、この治療法はタンパク同化薬と並行して行われる。
- 請求項1〜66に記載の通り、この治療法は定期的な腸清掃と並行して行われる。
- 請求項1〜67に記載の通り、この治療法は経口ウレアーゼ酵素使用と並行して行われる。
- 請求項1〜28に記載の通り、酸の混合物あるいはそれぞれ単体は、静脈注射用に滅菌が行われる。
- 請求項1〜69に記載の通り、CKD患者に利用される。
- 請求項1〜69に記載の通り、急性腎不全患者に利用される。
- 請求項1〜69に記載の通り、高アンモニア血症を伴う慢性・急性の肝疾患のある患者に利用される。
- 請求項1〜69に記載の通り、尿素回路での酵素異常を持つ患者に利用される。
- 請求項1〜69に記載の通り、敗血症に伴い窒素バランスがマイナス状態の患者に利用される。
- 請求項1〜69に記載の通り、やけどに伴い窒素バランスがマイナス状態の患者に利用される。
- 請求項1〜69に記載の通り、術後状態に伴い窒素バランスがマイナス状態の患者に利用される。
- 請求項1〜69に記載の通り、サルコペニアに伴い窒素バランスがマイナス状態の患者に利用される。
- 請求項1〜69に記載の通り、ガンに伴い窒素バランスがマイナス状態の患者に利用される。
- 請求項1〜69に記載の通り、栄養失調に伴い窒素バランスがマイナス状態の患者に利用される。
- 請求項1〜69に記載の通り、I型・II型糖尿病の患者に利用される。
- 請求項1〜28および69に記載の通り、非経口栄養補助物として静脈注射により用いられる。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
MXMX/A/2015/003641 | 2015-03-20 | ||
MX2015003641A MX357998B (es) | 2015-03-20 | 2015-03-20 | Una mezcla de acidos carboxilicos, especificamente acido citrico, acido succinico, acido fumarico y acido malico para el tratamiento de pacientes con insuficiencia renal cronica, insuficiencia renal aguda, hepatopatias agudas o cronicas que cursen con hiperamonemia, enfermedades congenitas con alteraciones enzimaticas en el ciclo de la urea, asi como condiciones clínicas que cursen con balance nitrogenado negativo. |
PCT/MX2015/000144 WO2016153331A1 (es) | 2015-03-20 | 2015-11-04 | Mezcla de ácidos carboxilicos para tratar pacientes con insuficiencia renal |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2018505191A true JP2018505191A (ja) | 2018-02-22 |
JP6771191B2 JP6771191B2 (ja) | 2020-10-21 |
Family
ID=56234463
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017541850A Active JP6771191B2 (ja) | 2015-03-20 | 2015-11-04 | 腎不全患者治療のためのカルボン酸混合物 |
Country Status (26)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US10688068B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3219315B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6771191B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102057555B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN108024981B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2015387986B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112017017189A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2972889C (ja) |
CL (1) | CL2017001262A1 (ja) |
CO (1) | CO2017007046A2 (ja) |
CR (1) | CR20170320A (ja) |
DO (1) | DOP2017000161A (ja) |
EA (1) | EA036702B1 (ja) |
EC (1) | ECSP17056559A (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2850998T3 (ja) |
GT (1) | GT201700149A (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1249426A1 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL253480B (ja) |
MX (1) | MX357998B (ja) |
MY (1) | MY173111A (ja) |
NZ (1) | NZ733186A (ja) |
PE (1) | PE20180228A1 (ja) |
PH (1) | PH12017501157B1 (ja) |
SG (1) | SG11201705163XA (ja) |
TN (1) | TN2017000257A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016153331A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP7219898B2 (ja) * | 2017-04-18 | 2023-02-09 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | アルカリ性化剤による血液浄化 |
WO2018193648A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-25 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | アルカリ性化剤による血液浄化 |
IT201700087376A1 (it) | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-28 | Professional Dietetics Spa | Composizioni comprendenti amino acidi per l'uso nel trattamento di malattie associate a disfunzione mitocondriale |
IT201700087359A1 (it) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-28 | Professional Dietetics Spa | Composizioni comprendenti amino acidi per l'uso nel trattamento di malattie associate a disfunzione mitocondriale |
WO2020080499A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-17 | 2020-04-23 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 新規医薬組成物 |
CN109125310A (zh) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-01-04 | 河北工业大学 | 琥珀酸在抑制Kv10.1离子通道活性中的应用和药物 |
US11560339B2 (en) | 2019-05-30 | 2023-01-24 | Koch Agronomie Services, LLC | Micronutrient foliar solutions |
US11666548B2 (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2023-06-06 | Baxter International Inc. | Parenteral nutrition formulation |
CN115414383A (zh) * | 2022-10-14 | 2022-12-02 | 青岛普瑞森医药科技有限公司 | 血液透析浓缩液及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5475031A (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1995-12-12 | Livingston; William H. | Discovery of a valuable property for succinic acid and other intermediary metabolites |
US5500232A (en) * | 1994-10-06 | 1996-03-19 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Calcium fortified beverages |
US6488961B1 (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 2002-12-03 | Ethypharm, Inc. | Effervescent granules and methods for their preparation |
EP0938849A1 (en) * | 1998-02-18 | 1999-09-01 | Quest International B.V. | A composition with a fresh, fruit like taste |
US6288116B1 (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 2001-09-11 | Novartis Nutrition Ag | Method of administration of a nutritional product to a person having renal failure |
EP1220622A1 (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2002-07-10 | Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd. | Low potassium juice, method for producing thereof and food containing the same |
ATE375095T1 (de) * | 2000-10-16 | 2007-10-15 | Pepsico Inc | Verfahren zur herstellung von mit kalzium angereicherten getränken |
US20030211204A1 (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2003-11-13 | Fields Christine C. | Method of preparing beverages and beverage concentrates nutritionally supplemented with minerals |
US20090186127A1 (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2009-07-23 | Krumhar Kim C | Energy drink compositions |
BRPI0602825A2 (pt) * | 2006-06-23 | 2012-04-24 | Rhodia Br Ltda | formulação de pó efervescente auto-refrigerante para bebidas e uso de formulação em pó efervescente |
US20080058421A1 (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2008-03-06 | John Alex Lopes | Compositions for cleaning and disinfecting nasal tract and sinus cavity |
CN101568334A (zh) * | 2006-12-12 | 2009-10-28 | 味之素株式会社 | 铁代谢改善剂 |
JP5592609B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-12 | 2014-09-17 | エイワイファーマ株式会社 | 鉄代謝改善剤 |
US20080226799A1 (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2008-09-18 | Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland | Diet Cola Beverages |
WO2009032538A1 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-12 | C.B. Fleet Company, Inc. | Method of preventing nephrocalcinosis |
JP5740393B2 (ja) * | 2009-05-15 | 2015-06-24 | バイオセプタ コーポレイションbioCEPTA Corporation | 皮膚および爪の真菌感染症の局所治療に適した組成物 |
NL2009407C2 (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2014-03-04 | Dutch Renewable Energy B V | Antimicrobial composition. |
-
2015
- 2015-03-20 MX MX2015003641A patent/MX357998B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2015-11-04 BR BR112017017189-9A patent/BR112017017189A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-11-04 CA CA2972889A patent/CA2972889C/en active Active
- 2015-11-04 CR CR20170320A patent/CR20170320A/es unknown
- 2015-11-04 PE PE2017001076A patent/PE20180228A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-11-04 ES ES15886606T patent/ES2850998T3/es active Active
- 2015-11-04 TN TN2017000257A patent/TN2017000257A1/en unknown
- 2015-11-04 US US15/547,620 patent/US10688068B2/en active Active
- 2015-11-04 SG SG11201705163XA patent/SG11201705163XA/en unknown
- 2015-11-04 CN CN201580072466.5A patent/CN108024981B/zh active Active
- 2015-11-04 AU AU2015387986A patent/AU2015387986B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2015-11-04 WO PCT/MX2015/000144 patent/WO2016153331A1/es active Application Filing
- 2015-11-04 NZ NZ733186A patent/NZ733186A/en unknown
- 2015-11-04 EP EP15886606.1A patent/EP3219315B1/en active Active
- 2015-11-04 KR KR1020177022643A patent/KR102057555B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2015-11-04 JP JP2017541850A patent/JP6771191B2/ja active Active
- 2015-11-04 MY MYPI2017702409A patent/MY173111A/en unknown
- 2015-11-04 EA EA201700339A patent/EA036702B1/ru unknown
-
2017
- 2017-05-17 CL CL2017001262A patent/CL2017001262A1/es unknown
- 2017-06-20 PH PH12017501157A patent/PH12017501157B1/en unknown
- 2017-06-27 GT GT201700149A patent/GT201700149A/es unknown
- 2017-07-06 DO DO2017000161A patent/DOP2017000161A/es unknown
- 2017-07-13 CO CONC2017/0007046A patent/CO2017007046A2/es unknown
- 2017-07-13 IL IL253480A patent/IL253480B/en active IP Right Grant
- 2017-08-28 EC ECIEPI201756559A patent/ECSP17056559A/es unknown
-
2018
- 2018-07-12 HK HK18109048.3A patent/HK1249426A1/zh unknown
-
2019
- 2019-11-29 US US16/699,207 patent/US20200138755A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6771191B2 (ja) | 腎不全患者治療のためのカルボン酸混合物 | |
JP5284088B2 (ja) | グアニジノ酢酸成分をベースとする液体配合物 | |
US3950529A (en) | Amino acid formulations for patients with liver disease and method of using same | |
CA2784836C (en) | Improved method of administering .beta.-hydroxy-.beta.-methylbutyrate (hmb) | |
US5719119A (en) | Parenteral nutrition therapy with amino acids | |
ES2286238T3 (es) | Composicion para rehidratacion. | |
US4434160A (en) | Nutrient solution for complete parenteral feeding and for increased energy production | |
NO155239B (no) | Analogifremgangsmaate ved fremstilling av terapeutisk aktive, blandede salter av essensielle eller semi-essensielle aminosyrer og nitrogenfri analoger derav. | |
WO1987003806A1 (en) | Parenteral nutrition therapy with amino acids | |
JPH0331211A (ja) | 腎不全のための栄養組成物 | |
JP2599593B2 (ja) | 腎不全用アミノ酸輸液 | |
JP4011638B2 (ja) | 経口経腸栄養組成物 | |
JPH0116809B2 (ja) | ||
Davidova et al. | Pharmacological activity of amino acids and prospects for the creation of drugs based on them | |
Furst | Conditionally indispensable amino acids (glutamine, cyst (e) ine, tyrosine, arginine, ornithine, taurine) in enteral feeding and the dipeptide concept | |
JPS5916817A (ja) | アミノ酸輸液 | |
JP2537406B2 (ja) | 癌用アミノ酸製剤 | |
OA18299A (en) | Mixture of carboxylic acids for treating patients with kidney failure | |
Watford et al. | Dietary glutamine suppresses endogenous glutamine turnover in the rat | |
JP4187957B2 (ja) | コリン配合輸液剤 | |
CN101415414A (zh) | 使用瓜氨酸的治疗 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A529 | Written submission of copy of amendment under article 34 pct |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A529 Effective date: 20170803 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20170803 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20180313 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20180613 |
|
A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20180703 |
|
C60 | Trial request (containing other claim documents, opposition documents) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C60 Effective date: 20181101 |
|
C116 | Written invitation by the chief administrative judge to file amendments |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C116 Effective date: 20181113 |
|
C22 | Notice of designation (change) of administrative judge |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C22 Effective date: 20181113 |
|
C22 | Notice of designation (change) of administrative judge |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C22 Effective date: 20190416 |
|
C22 | Notice of designation (change) of administrative judge |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C22 Effective date: 20190507 |
|
C22 | Notice of designation (change) of administrative judge |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C22 Effective date: 20190820 |
|
C22 | Notice of designation (change) of administrative judge |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C22 Effective date: 20190924 |
|
C13 | Notice of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C13 Effective date: 20191001 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20191202 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20200331 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821 Effective date: 20200401 |
|
C23 | Notice of termination of proceedings |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C23 Effective date: 20200721 |
|
C03 | Trial/appeal decision taken |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C03 Effective date: 20200825 |
|
C30A | Notification sent |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C3012 Effective date: 20200825 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20200911 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6771191 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |