JP2018058783A - 時計遺伝子の発現を変化させるための組成物 - Google Patents
時計遺伝子の発現を変化させるための組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
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- A61K36/48—Fabaceae or Leguminosae (Pea or Legume family); Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23V2200/00—Function of food ingredients
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
- A61K2236/331—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones using water, e.g. cold water, infusion, tea, steam distillation, decoction
Abstract
【解決手段】 ネムノキ樹皮の水抽出物は、時計遺伝子の発現量及び位相を変化できることが明らかになった。また、ネムノキ樹皮の水抽出物の経口投与によって、被験者の午後の眠気は減少し、また覚醒度、意欲、気分及び集中力が増加し、朝型傾向が強くなることを見出した。
【選択図】 なし
Description
<1> ネムノキ樹皮の水抽出物を有効成分として含む、時計遺伝子の発現を変化させるための組成物。
<2> 時計遺伝子が、Per1遺伝子、Per2遺伝子及びBmal1遺伝子からなる群から選択される少なくとも1の遺伝子である、<1>に記載の組成物。
<3> 概日リズムを変化させるための組成物である、<1>又は<2>に記載の組成物。
先ず、本発明の組成物において、有効成分として含まれる「ネムノキ樹皮の水抽出物」について説明する。「ネムノキ」は、マメ科ネムノキ亜科に属する落葉高木の植物(Albizia julibrissin)を意味する。そのネムノキの樹皮を、下記抽出処理に供する場合には、樹皮そのままでもよいが、抽出効率をより高めるという観点から、ミキサー、ブレンダー、ホモジナイザー、乳鉢、超音波破砕機等により破砕した上で、抽出処理に供してもよい。
次に、本発明の組成物の態様について説明する。前述のネムノキ樹皮の水抽出物は、後述の実施例に示す通り、時計遺伝子の発現を変化させることにより、概日リズムを変化させる活性を有する。したがって、これを有効成分とする、本発明の組成物は、後述の概日リズム障害の治療、改善(緩和)又は予防のための医薬組成物、飲食品として用いることができる。また、時計遺伝子の発現を変化させるための試薬、概日リズムを変化させるための試薬として用いることができる。
<ネムノキ樹皮の水抽出物の調製>
ネムノキの樹皮(株式会社ヤングフォレスト製)に、その10倍の重量の蒸留水を加え、オートクレーブ(100℃、60分)にて処理した。得られた抽出物を、ステンレスメッシュ(目開き:150μm、東京スクリーン株式会社製、網ふるい、品番:635−54−18−41)に通した。得られた濾液をNo.193ろ紙(ADVANTEC社製)に更に通して、計2回の濾過処理を行った後、ロータリーエバポレーター(東京理化器械株式会社製、N−1300型)を用いて固形分が5%になるまで濃縮した。次いで、得られた濃縮液を、デキストリン(三和澱粉工業株式会社製、サンデック)と混合し、加熱殺菌処理(90℃、60分)に供した上で、凍結乾燥機(AGCテクノグラス株式会社製、FRD−82M)にて、乾燥粉末にした。
<細胞感作試験>
PER2::LUC MEF(マウス胚性線維芽細胞)を、10%のウシ胎児血清(FBS)、0.1mMのD−ルシフェリン・ナトリウム塩を含むDMEM(ダルベッコ改変イーグル培地)にて維持培養した。そして、デキサメタゾンを前記培地に200nMになるよう添加して2時間培養した後、デキサメタゾンを含有しない前記培地に交換して培養した。次いで、デキサメタゾンを添加してから2.4日後±2時間の間に、前記の通りにして調製したネムノキ樹皮の水抽出物を含む乾燥粉末を、50μg/ml、100μg/mlになるよう培地に添加して30分間培養した後、ネムノキ樹皮の水抽出物を含有しない前記培地に交換して培養し続けた。また、デキサメタゾン処理してから5.5日間、細胞は、37℃、5%CO2にて設定され、ルミサイクル(LumiCycle32、Actimetrics)の設置されたインキュベータ内にて培養し、PER2遺伝子の発現リズムを解析した。得られた結果を図2に示す。
PLoS ONE、2008年、3:e2601 参照)。また、図2に示すpeak2及びpeak3の値の変化を解析した。その結果を表1に示す。
<マウスへの投与試験>
図3に示す通り、7週齢雌性ICRマウスに、ネムノキ樹皮の水抽出物(上記の通りにして調製した乾燥粉末1mg若しくは10mgを蒸留水に溶解したもの)又は蒸留水を、ZT4(12:00)のタイミングにて、3日間ゾンデを用いて強制的に経口投与した。そして、投与最終日のZT5.5に、これらマウスを解剖し、肝臓を摘出した。次いで、摘出した肝臓からトータルRNAを抽出し、cDNAに逆転写した後、Per1、Per2及びBmal1遺伝子の発現量をリアルタイムPCRにて解析した。得られた結果を図4〜6に示す。
<ヒトへの投与試験>
下記条件にて、ネムノキ樹皮の水抽出物を10日間毎日ヒトに摂取してもらい、睡眠検査に供した(睡眠検査法については、松浦雅人編集、「睡眠検査学の基礎と臨床」、株式会社新興医学出版社、2009年8月10日発行、149〜155ページ 御参照のほど)。
被験者:29〜49歳、健常者(男性5名、女性4名、合計9名)
摂取:上記の通りにして調製した乾燥粉末100mgをカプセル(株式会社ヒルハーフ総合研究所製、ゼラチンカプセル)に入れたものを、10日間、午前8:30〜9:00の間に経口にて水と一緒に摂取してもらった。
睡眠検査:ネムノキ樹皮の水抽出物の摂取の前日及び10日目の13〜16時のタイミングで、下記KSS及びVASを行い、眠気を評価した。また、ネムノキ樹皮の水抽出物の摂取の前日及び10日目に、下記MEQにての朝型・夜型の傾向を調査した。
KSSは、スタンフォード眠気尺度を参考に日本語版として作成された眠気の質問紙で22項目から構成されている。それぞれの項目には0〜7点の尺度値が付与されており、数字が大きいほど強い眠気を表す。選択した項目(複数選択可)の平均尺度値を眠気得点として算出する(石原金由ら、「眠けの尺度とその実験的検討」、心理学研究、1982年、52巻、362〜365ページ 参照)。得られた結果(計9名の被験者の平均値)を、図8に示す。
視覚的アナログ評価尺度(VAS)によって、被験者の主観的な睡眠を評価する。より具体的には、100mmの直線の左右両端に「まったく眠くない」、「非常に眠い」等の単語を記しておき、今の状態に近いと思われる位置に垂直線を引いてもらう方法である。0の地点から垂直線までの距離をミリ単位で測定し、その数値を眠気得点とする。得点は1mmあたり1点とし、0〜100点の得点とする。今回は覚醒度以外に意欲、気分、気持ち、身体的疲労、集中力、食欲、自信度の計8項目で調査を行った。得られた結果(計9名の被験者の平均値)を、図9〜12に示す。
MEQは、睡眠・覚醒リズムの個人差、生活スタイルのリズム志向を検討する質問紙であり、19項目の質問から構成されている。それぞれの項目への回答に応じて得点が付与され、その総得点が高いほど朝型の傾向にあると評価される(石原金由ら、「日本語版朝型−夜型(morningness−eveningness)質問紙による調査結果」、心理学研究、1986年、57巻、87〜91ページ 参照)。得られた結果を、図13に示す。なお、MEQに関しては、午前中(8:30〜9:00)の摂取の代わりに、夕食時にネムノキ樹皮の水抽出物を摂取してもらった被験者も用意し、この検査を受けてもらった。得られた結果(計9名の被験者の平均値)を図14に示す。
Claims (3)
- ネムノキ樹皮の水抽出物を有効成分として含む、時計遺伝子の発現を変化させるための組成物。
- 時計遺伝子が、Per1遺伝子、Per2遺伝子及びBmal1遺伝子からなる群から選択される少なくとも1の遺伝子である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 概日リズムを変化させるための組成物である、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
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