JP2017521848A - 層状リチウム−マンガン−ニッケル−コバルト酸化物材料の製造 - Google Patents
層状リチウム−マンガン−ニッケル−コバルト酸化物材料の製造 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001267 Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910020647 Co-O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910020704 Co—O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002697 manganese compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910016395 Ni0.33Mn0.33Co0.33 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 33
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000157 electrochemical-induced impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-aminoisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 manganese, nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018516 Al—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910016486 Ni0.4Mn0.4Co0.2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- SFKQQYOXXWIJSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Mn++].[Co++].[Ni++] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Mn++].[Co++].[Ni++] SFKQQYOXXWIJSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium nitrate Chemical class [Al+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010351 charge transfer process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000445 field-emission scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003840 hydrochlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001453 impedance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VWBBRFHSPXRJQD-QNTKWALQSA-L levomefolate calcium Chemical compound [Ca+2].C([C@@H]1N(C=2C(=O)N=C(N)NC=2NC1)C)NC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O)C=C1 VWBBRFHSPXRJQD-QNTKWALQSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004832 voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001075 voltammogram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
- C01P2002/54—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants one element only
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- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
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Abstract
Description
原料リチウム−マンガン−ニッケル−コバルト酸化物(LMNC)材料を製造すること、
要すれば、LMNC材料の製造時に、電気化学セル中の陽極材料として使用するときに層状LMNC材料の性能を向上し得るドーパントを導入すること、
原料LMNC材料のアニールを行う前に、前記材料をマイクロ波処理して処理材料を得ること、および
処理材料をアニールして層状LMNC材料を得ること、
を包含する、層状リチウム−マンガン−ニッケル−コバルト酸化物材料の製造方法を提供する。
溶解リチウム化合物、溶解マンガン化合物、溶解ニッケル化合物、溶解コバルト化合物、要すれば溶解ドーパント化合物、ヒドロキシカルボン酸およびポリヒドロキシアルコールを含有する溶液を、溶液の沸点より低い高温度T1で、溶液がゲル化するまで保持すること、
前記ゲルを、発火または燃焼してLi−Mn−Ni−Co−O粉末を形成するまで高温度に保持すること、および
前記Li−Mn−Ni−Co−O粉末を焼成して前記粉末中に存在する炭素および/または他の不純物を焼き抜きして、それにより原料層状LMNC材料を得ること
によって行ってもよい。
親Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2(LMNC)およびAlドープLi[Li0.2Mn0.52Ni0.13Co0.13Al0.02]O2(LMNCA)を、変形1段階粉末形成ペチニ法を用いて調製した。クエン酸(CA)、エチレングリコール(EG)および硝酸金属(Li、Ni、Co、Al)を出発材料として使用した。還元剤、CA(脱イオン水に溶解)およびEGを1:4(CA:EG)のモル比で混合し、約90℃で加熱し、その間10分間連続的に撹拌した。LiNO3、Ni(NO3)2.6H2O、Co(NO3)2.6H2O、Mn(NO3)2.4H2OおよびLMNCAについてAlN3O9.9H2Oの化学量論量を脱イオン水に溶解して、CAおよびEGを含有する還元溶液中に滴下導入した。各溶液およびサンプルを脱水してゲル中にした。溶液が自然に所望の粉末を形成するまで、ゲルを90℃に保持した。粉末(LMNCおよびLMNCA)を、500℃で6時間予備加熱し、各々二つのバッチに分けた。その一つのバッチを700℃で8時間アニールし、その際温度を10℃/分の割合で加熱し、次いで室温にまで自然冷却した。尚、冷却時、フィラメントへの電力供給を8時間後に停止し、得られたサンプルを各々LMNCおよびLMNCAとした。もう一方の半分を、マイクロ波(λ=0.12236m)に照射し、その際電力を60W/分の割合で600Wまで増加し、600Wで15分間照射し(サンプルの温度は最大60℃に到達した)、次いで700℃で8時間アニールした。その際温度は10℃/分の割合で増加し、次いで室温まで自然冷却した。尚、冷却時、フィラメントへの電力供給を8時間後に停止し、得られたサンプルを各々LMNC−micおよびLMNCA−micとした。
図1は、LMNC−micおよびLMNCA−micのSEM画像の比較を示し、合成材料がLMNC−micでは250〜300nmの大きさであり、LMNCA−micでは100〜200nmの大きさを有するナノサイズの粒子から構成されることを反映している。これらの粒子の大きさは、マイクロ波処理をしていないサンプル(LMNCおよびLMNCA)のそれと同程度である。
Claims (14)
- 層状リチウム−マンガン−ニッケル−コバルト酸化物材料の製造方法であって、
原料リチウム−マンガン−ニッケル−コバルト酸化物(LMNC)材料を製造すること、
要すれば、LMNC材料の製造時に、電気化学セル中の陽極材料として使用するときに層状LMNC材料の性能を向上し得るドーパントを導入すること、
原料LMNC材料のアニールを行う前に、前記材料をマイクロ波処理して処理材料を得ること、および
処理材料をアニールして層状LMNC材料を得ること、
を包含する、層状リチウム−マンガン−ニッケル−コバルト酸化物材料の製造方法。 - 原料層状LMNC材料の製造が、600℃を超える温度での熱処理を含まないことを特徴とする請求項1記載の製造方法。
- 原料層状LMNC材料が、600℃を超えない温度での熱処理を含む請求項1または2記載の製造方法。
- 層状LMNC材料が、Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2、Li[Ni0.33Mn0.33Co0.33]O2またはLi[Ni0.4Mn0.4Co0.2]O2である請求項1〜3いずれかに記載の製造方法。
- ドーパントが、元素の周期律表のIIA族、IIIA族またはIVA族の元素である請求項1〜4いずれかに記載の製造方法。
- ドーパントが、アルミニウムである請求項5記載の製造方法。
- 層状LMNC材料が、Li[Li0.2Mn0.52Ni0.13Co0.13Al0.02]O2である請求項6記載の製造方法。
- 原料層状LMNC材料の製造が、溶解リチウム化合物、溶解マンガン化合物、溶解ニッケル化合物、溶解コバルト化合物、要すれば溶解ドーパント化合物、ヒドロキシカルボン酸およびポリヒドロキシアルコールを含有する溶液を、溶液の沸点より低い高温度T1で、溶液がゲル化するまで保持すること、
前記ゲルを、発火または燃焼してLi−Mn−Ni−Co−O粉末を形成するまで高温度に保持すること、および
前記Li−Mn−Ni−Co−O粉末を焼成して前記粉末中に存在する炭素および/または他の不純物を焼き抜きして、それにより原料層状LMNC材料を得ること、
を包含する請求項1〜7いずれかに記載の製造方法。 - 前記ゲルが保持される高温度が、T2であり、90℃≦T2<100℃を満足する請求項8記載の製造方法。
- T2が、T1と同じで、前記溶液が完全なまたは十分なゲル形成までT1に効果的に保持され、次いでゲルが発火または燃焼して前記Li−Mn−Ni−Co−O粉末を形成するまでT1に保持される請求項9記載の製造方法。
- 前記Li−Mn−Ni−Co−O粉末の焼成が、400℃≦T3<600℃を満足するT3で行われる請求項8記載の製造方法。
- 前記処理材料のアニールが、700℃≦T3≦900℃を満足するT4で行われて、材料を結晶化する請求項1〜11いずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記マイクロ波処理が、焼成粉末を約60℃で10〜20分マイクロ波にかけることを含む請求項1〜12いずれかに記載の製造方法。
- セルハウジング、陽極、陰極およびセルハウジング内の電解質を含み、前記陽極が陰極と電子的に絶縁されるが、電解質によって電気化学的に結合し、前記陽極が請求項1〜13のいずれかの製造方法によって製造される層状LMNC材料を含む、電気化学セル。
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