JP2017514471A - キメラ抗原受容体(car)並びにその製造及び使用方法 - Google Patents
キメラ抗原受容体(car)並びにその製造及び使用方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2017514471A JP2017514471A JP2016563936A JP2016563936A JP2017514471A JP 2017514471 A JP2017514471 A JP 2017514471A JP 2016563936 A JP2016563936 A JP 2016563936A JP 2016563936 A JP2016563936 A JP 2016563936A JP 2017514471 A JP2017514471 A JP 2017514471A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- car
- cells
- cell
- antigen
- egfr
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 108010019670 Chimeric Antigen Receptors Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 553
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 22
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 646
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 413
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 289
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 288
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 286
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 230000009261 transgenic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 141
- 108700015053 epidermal growth factor receptor activity proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 125
- 102000052116 epidermal growth factor receptor activity proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 125
- YOHYSYJDKVYCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-[[6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(NC=2N=CN=C(NC=3C=C(NC(=O)C4CC4)C=CC=3)C=2)=C1 YOHYSYJDKVYCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 125
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 claims description 79
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 claims description 78
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 claims description 68
- 108091008874 T cell receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 59
- 210000000612 antigen-presenting cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 58
- 102000016266 T-Cell Antigen Receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 57
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 claims description 50
- 108091007741 Chimeric antigen receptor T cells Proteins 0.000 claims description 37
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 claims description 36
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 229950010203 nimotuzumab Drugs 0.000 claims description 28
- 101001012157 Homo sapiens Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 26
- 102100030086 Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 26
- 108010020764 Transposases Proteins 0.000 claims description 26
- 102000008579 Transposases Human genes 0.000 claims description 26
- 102100024222 B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 Human genes 0.000 claims description 24
- 101000980825 Homo sapiens B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 Proteins 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 c-Met Proteins 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 102100035360 Cerebellar degeneration-related antigen 1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 23
- 229960005395 cetuximab Drugs 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 22
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 206010018338 Glioma Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 108090000172 Interleukin-15 Proteins 0.000 claims description 14
- 102000003812 Interleukin-15 Human genes 0.000 claims description 14
- 108010002350 Interleukin-2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 14
- 102100027347 Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 13
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001943 fluorescence-activated cell sorting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 101000581981 Homo sapiens Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- 102100030704 Interleukin-21 Human genes 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 108010074108 interleukin-21 Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001890 transfection Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 11
- 102100025475 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000032612 Glial tumor Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000713772 Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 102000003886 Glycoproteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 108090000288 Glycoproteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 102000003735 Mesothelin Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 108090000015 Mesothelin Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 102100033177 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000192019 Human endogenous retrovirus K Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 102100034256 Mucin-1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005867 T cell response Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 4-amino-1-[(2r)-6-amino-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]piperidine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC(N)(CC1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 101001103036 Homo sapiens Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 108010008707 Mucin-1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 102100022005 B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010022366 Carcinoembryonic Antigen Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 102100026122 High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 101000897405 Homo sapiens B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 101000913074 Homo sapiens High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 101001103039 Homo sapiens Inactive tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 101000998120 Homo sapiens Interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 101000623901 Homo sapiens Mucin-16 Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 102100033493 Interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 102100023123 Mucin-16 Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 101710100969 Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 102100029986 Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000013529 alpha-Fetoproteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010026331 alpha-Fetoproteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002062 proliferating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 102100028757 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000916489 Homo sapiens Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000878605 Homo sapiens Low affinity immunoglobulin epsilon Fc receptor Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000801433 Homo sapiens Trophoblast glycoprotein Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000851376 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8 Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000851007 Homo sapiens Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100038007 Low affinity immunoglobulin epsilon Fc receptor Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 101001039269 Rattus norvegicus Glycine N-methyltransferase Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 101800001690 Transmembrane protein gp41 Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100033579 Trophoblast glycoprotein Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100036857 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8 Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004443 dendritic cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010087914 epidermal growth factor receptor VIII Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000001441 melanoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013603 viral vector Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BJHCYTJNPVGSBZ-YXSASFKJSA-N 1-[4-[6-amino-5-[(Z)-methoxyiminomethyl]pyrimidin-4-yl]oxy-2-chlorophenyl]-3-ethylurea Chemical compound CCNC(=O)Nc1ccc(Oc2ncnc(N)c2\C=N/OC)cc1Cl BJHCYTJNPVGSBZ-YXSASFKJSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000023275 Autoimmune disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100038080 B-cell receptor CD22 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100027842 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 101710182396 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000884305 Homo sapiens B-cell receptor CD22 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000914324 Homo sapiens Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000914321 Homo sapiens Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 7 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101001044940 Homo sapiens Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000934338 Homo sapiens Myeloid cell surface antigen CD33 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000617725 Homo sapiens Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000874179 Homo sapiens Syndecan-1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000638251 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 9 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000795167 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100022710 Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010002586 Interleukin-7 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101100046559 Mus musculus Tnfrsf12a gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100025243 Myeloid cell surface antigen CD33 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010072866 Prostate-Specific Antigen Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100035721 Syndecan-1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100032101 Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 9 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100029675 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100029690 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13C Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 101710178300 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13C Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010053096 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010053099 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100033178 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000004700 fetal blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 108020001507 fusion proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000037865 fusion proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 101100067974 Arabidopsis thaliana POP2 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000001301 EGF receptor Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000009465 Growth Factor Receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010009202 Growth Factor Receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101100118549 Homo sapiens EGFR gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101100123851 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) HER1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000005260 human cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001363 autoimmune Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000005087 mononuclear cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000005259 peripheral blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011886 peripheral blood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 102100039615 Inactive tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR1 Human genes 0.000 claims 2
- 102000007066 Prostate-Specific Antigen Human genes 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012678 infectious agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 210000000173 T-lymphoid precursor cell Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011394 anticancer treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002463 transducing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011357 CAR T-cell therapy Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000684 flow cytometry Methods 0.000 description 81
- 102100034922 T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain Human genes 0.000 description 71
- 101000946843 Homo sapiens T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain Proteins 0.000 description 70
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 56
- 101000716102 Homo sapiens T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 Proteins 0.000 description 46
- 102100036011 T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 Human genes 0.000 description 46
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 45
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 40
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 37
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 36
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 36
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 33
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 33
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 32
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 32
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 31
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 30
- 239000012636 effector Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 28
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000004520 electroporation Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 230000006044 T cell activation Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000003501 co-culture Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 22
- 102100036301 C-C chemokine receptor type 7 Human genes 0.000 description 21
- 101000716065 Homo sapiens C-C chemokine receptor type 7 Proteins 0.000 description 21
- 102100037850 Interferon gamma Human genes 0.000 description 19
- 238000007917 intracranial administration Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 108010074328 Interferon-gamma Proteins 0.000 description 18
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000003915 cell function Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000005415 bioluminescence Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000029918 bioluminescence Effects 0.000 description 16
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 16
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 16
- 108010047041 Complementarity Determining Regions Proteins 0.000 description 15
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 15
- 102000017420 CD3 protein, epsilon/gamma/delta subunit Human genes 0.000 description 14
- 108050005493 CD3 protein, epsilon/gamma/delta subunit Proteins 0.000 description 14
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 102000000588 Interleukin-2 Human genes 0.000 description 13
- 230000026279 RNA modification Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000010162 Tukey test Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000002659 cell therapy Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229930027917 kanamycin Natural products 0.000 description 13
- 229960000318 kanamycin Drugs 0.000 description 13
- SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N kanamycin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CN)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229930182823 kanamycin A Natural products 0.000 description 13
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 13
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 101000914514 Homo sapiens T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 102100027213 T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 210000003719 b-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000016396 cytokine production Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000003211 trypan blue cell staining Methods 0.000 description 12
- 101100112922 Candida albicans CDR3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 210000004366 CD4-positive T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 10
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000013604 expression vector Substances 0.000 description 10
- 208000005017 glioblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 230000004068 intracellular signaling Effects 0.000 description 10
- 210000003819 peripheral blood mononuclear cell Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 10
- 108700019146 Transgenes Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 9
- 229960000723 ampicillin Drugs 0.000 description 9
- AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N ampicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000139 costimulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 108091008034 costimulatory receptors Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 108700010039 chimeric receptor Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003828 downregulation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010212 intracellular staining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 8
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 8
- 108090000672 Annexin A5 Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102000004121 Annexin A5 Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108010083359 Antigen Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 108091061960 Naked DNA Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102100040247 Tumor necrosis factor Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011543 agarose gel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003833 cell viability Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012091 fetal bovine serum Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- XJMOSONTPMZWPB-UHFFFAOYSA-M propidium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[I-].C12=CC(N)=CC=C2C2=CC=C(N)C=C2[N+](CCC[N+](C)(CC)CC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 XJMOSONTPMZWPB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000010474 transient expression Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004614 tumor growth Effects 0.000 description 7
- MZOFCQQQCNRIBI-VMXHOPILSA-N (3s)-4-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(1s)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-[[2-[[(2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN MZOFCQQQCNRIBI-VMXHOPILSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 102100027207 CD27 antigen Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 102100025064 Cellular tumor antigen p53 Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 241000701022 Cytomegalovirus Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000008836 DNA modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 101000914511 Homo sapiens CD27 antigen Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 108060008682 Tumor Necrosis Factor Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 230000006786 activation induced cell death Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009169 immunotherapy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 108091008146 restriction endonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 108091026890 Coding region Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 5
- 102100029360 Hematopoietic cell signal transducer Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 101000721661 Homo sapiens Cellular tumor antigen p53 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 101000990188 Homo sapiens Hematopoietic cell signal transducer Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 101000851370 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 241000725303 Human immunodeficiency virus Species 0.000 description 5
- 108060003951 Immunoglobulin Proteins 0.000 description 5
- PIWKPBJCKXDKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoflurane Chemical compound FC(F)OC(Cl)C(F)(F)F PIWKPBJCKXDKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 5
- 102100039614 Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 102000010292 Peptide Elongation Factor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108010077524 Peptide Elongation Factor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108010076504 Protein Sorting Signals Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102100022153 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 102100036856 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 102220412351 c.98T>G Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 5
- 102000018358 immunoglobulin Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 238000012744 immunostaining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002601 intratumoral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000003071 memory t lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000000822 natural killer cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 102000002574 p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108010068338 p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 108700012813 7-aminoactinomycin D Proteins 0.000 description 4
- YXHLJMWYDTXDHS-IRFLANFNSA-N 7-aminoactinomycin D Chemical compound C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)C1=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2OC(C(C)=C(N)C=C3C(=O)N[C@@H]4C(=O)N[C@@H](C(N5CCC[C@H]5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H]4C)=O)C(C)C)=C3N=C21 YXHLJMWYDTXDHS-IRFLANFNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 102000006306 Antigen Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 102000012410 DNA Ligases Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010061982 DNA Ligases Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000004544 DNA amplification Effects 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006144 Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 102000001398 Granzyme Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108060005986 Granzyme Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 101100166600 Homo sapiens CD28 gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 241000701044 Human gammaherpesvirus 4 Species 0.000 description 4
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 102100029185 Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010018525 NFATC Transcription Factors Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000002673 NFATC Transcription Factors Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 206010034016 Paronychia Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 108020005091 Replication Origin Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 101710165473 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 108010017070 Zinc Finger Nucleases Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108010006025 bovine growth hormone Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000006285 cell suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004163 cytometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009274 differential gene expression Effects 0.000 description 4
- MHMNJMPURVTYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC(N=C=S)=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 MHMNJMPURVTYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000028993 immune response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 4
- PGHMRUGBZOYCAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ionomycin Natural products O1C(CC(O)C(C)C(O)C(C)C=CCC(C)CC(C)C(O)=CC(=O)C(C)CC(C)CC(CCC(O)=O)C)CCC1(C)C1OC(C)(C(C)O)CC1 PGHMRUGBZOYCAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PGHMRUGBZOYCAA-ADZNBVRBSA-N ionomycin Chemical compound O1[C@H](C[C@H](O)[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)/C=C/C[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)C(/O)=C/C(=O)[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)CC[C@@]1(C)[C@@H]1O[C@](C)([C@@H](C)O)CC1 PGHMRUGBZOYCAA-ADZNBVRBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960002725 isoflurane Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000036210 malignancy Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008488 polyadenylation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 102100031585 ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 102100034540 Adenomatous polyposis coli protein Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000012114 Alexa Fluor 647 Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 description 3
- 108700031361 Brachyury Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100040840 C-type lectin domain family 7 member A Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108020004705 Codon Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 201000011001 Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Diseases 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010087819 Fc receptors Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000009109 Fc receptors Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101000777636 Homo sapiens ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101000924577 Homo sapiens Adenomatous polyposis coli protein Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101000914484 Homo sapiens T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010064593 Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100037877 Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 102000000704 Interleukin-7 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 241000713666 Lentivirus Species 0.000 description 3
- 101150018665 MAPK3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000043129 MHC class I family Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108091054437 MHC class I family Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229930193140 Neomycin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- KHGNFPUMBJSZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perforine Natural products COC1=C2CCC(O)C(CCC(C)(C)O)(OC)C2=NC2=C1C=CO2 KHGNFPUMBJSZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012181 QIAquick gel extraction kit Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012980 RPMI-1640 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 102100027222 T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 208000036142 Viral infection Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 108010084455 Zeocin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000000246 agarose gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000735 allogeneic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006023 anti-tumor response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000030741 antigen processing and presentation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004186 co-expression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003436 cytoskeletal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 108010025838 dectin 1 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- ZMMJGEGLRURXTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethidium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C12=CC(N)=CC=C2C2=CC=C(N)C=C2[N+](CC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZMMJGEGLRURXTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960005542 ethidium bromide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000011124 ex vivo culture Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001146 hypoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003292 kidney cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001325 log-rank test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002101 lytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010172 mouse model Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960004927 neomycin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000002018 overexpression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229930192851 perforin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- CWCMIVBLVUHDHK-ZSNHEYEWSA-N phleomycin D1 Chemical compound N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)NCCC=1SC[C@@H](N=1)C=1SC=C(N=1)C(=O)NCCCCNC(N)=N)[C@@H](O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](OC(N)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)C=1N=CNC=1)C(=O)C1=NC([C@H](CC(N)=O)NC[C@H](N)C(N)=O)=NC(N)=C1C CWCMIVBLVUHDHK-ZSNHEYEWSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 102100026357 40S ribosomal protein S13 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100025601 60S ribosomal protein L27 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010002961 Aplasia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010040168 Bcl-2-Like Protein 11 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000001765 Bcl-2-Like Protein 11 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100031151 C-C chemokine receptor type 2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710149815 C-C chemokine receptor type 2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101710149863 C-C chemokine receptor type 4 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100028990 C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100025752 CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100032976 CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 6 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010084313 CD58 Antigens Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108091033409 CRISPR Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 description 2
- 102100024423 Carbonic anhydrase 9 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010078791 Carrier Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010012236 Chemokines Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000019034 Chemokines Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 206010010144 Completed suicide Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102100025278 Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100026234 Cytokine receptor common subunit gamma Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100039498 Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- IGXWBGJHJZYPQS-SSDOTTSWSA-N D-Luciferin Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H]1CSC(C=2SC3=CC=C(O)C=C3N=2)=N1 IGXWBGJHJZYPQS-SSDOTTSWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100027700 DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit RPA2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100027286 Fanconi anemia group C protein Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- 102100021260 Galactosylgalactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 102100022132 High affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108091010847 High affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000718313 Homo sapiens 40S ribosomal protein S13 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000719728 Homo sapiens 60S ribosomal protein L27 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000916050 Homo sapiens C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000914211 Homo sapiens CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000858031 Homo sapiens Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101001055227 Homo sapiens Cytokine receptor common subunit gamma Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000650600 Homo sapiens DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit RPA2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000894906 Homo sapiens Galactosylgalactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000959820 Homo sapiens Interferon alpha-1/13 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101001055145 Homo sapiens Interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000853012 Homo sapiens Interleukin-23 receptor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000917839 Homo sapiens Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000589301 Homo sapiens Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000589307 Homo sapiens Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000772137 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 1-1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000606201 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 4-1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000606208 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 5-5 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000934346 Homo sapiens T-cell surface antigen CD2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000809875 Homo sapiens TYRO protein tyrosine kinase-binding protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000829111 Human polyomavirus 1 Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010073807 IgG Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100022339 Integrin alpha-L Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100040019 Interferon alpha-1/13 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100026879 Interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100036672 Interleukin-23 receptor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102000015696 Interleukins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010063738 Interleukins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000701460 JC polyomavirus Species 0.000 description 2
- YQEZLKZALYSWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ketamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(Cl)C=1C1(NC)CCCCC1=O YQEZLKZALYSWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-N-acetyl-Cysteine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012097 Lipofectamine 2000 Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000031422 Lymphocytic Chronic B-Cell Leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010025323 Lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000007993 MOPS buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010052285 Membrane Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101100118551 Mus musculus Egfr gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100032870 Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100032852 Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 240000007019 Oxalis corniculata Species 0.000 description 2
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 208000030852 Parasitic disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102100038358 Prostate-specific antigen Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 238000011530 RNeasy Mini Kit Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010070308 Refractory cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006052 T cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102100029309 T cell receptor alpha variable 1-1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100039738 T cell receptor beta variable 4-1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100039756 T cell receptor beta variable 5-5 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100025237 T-cell surface antigen CD2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100040296 TATA-box-binding protein Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100038717 TYRO protein tyrosine kinase-binding protein Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 229960004308 acetylcysteine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002358 autolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000022362 bacterial infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010868 cell confinement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005754 cellular signaling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000032852 chronic lymphocytic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000010367 cloning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004078 cryogenic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000151 cysteine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 230000001461 cytolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001151 cytotoxic T lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001652 frontal lobe Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001502 gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001415 gene therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006801 homologous recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002744 homologous recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004408 hybridoma Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N hydrocortisone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000027596 immune receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108091008915 immune receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229960003299 ketamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004962 mammalian cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229940126619 mouse monoclonal antibody Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000007959 normoxia Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010089193 pattern recognition receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000007863 pattern recognition receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010149 post-hoc-test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000016691 refractory malignant neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012146 running buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012192 staining solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000476 thermogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009258 tissue cross reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003171 tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000009385 viral infection Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003260 vortexing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000016261 weight loss Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- BPICBUSOMSTKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylazine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1NC1=NCCCS1 BPICBUSOMSTKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001600 xylazine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N (R)-adrenaline Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182837 (R)-adrenaline Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CDKIEBFIMCSCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-1h-isoquinolin-2-yl)-3-(1-methyl-2-phenylpyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1C=2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=2CCN1C(=O)C=CC(C1=CC=CN=C1N1C)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 CDKIEBFIMCSCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPKVUHPKYQGHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one;molecular iodine Chemical compound II.C=CN1CCCC1=O CPKVUHPKYQGHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPROHCOBMVQVIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1h-pyrido[4,3-b]indole Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1CCNC2 RPROHCOBMVQVIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVAKRQOMAINQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-[5-(2,2-dimethylbutyl)-1h-imidazol-2-yl]ethyl]phenyl]pyridine Chemical compound N1C(CC(C)(C)CC)=CN=C1CCC1=CC=C(C=2N=CC=CC=2)C=C1 WVAKRQOMAINQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOOGRGPOEVQQDX-UUOKFMHZSA-N 3',5'-cyclic GMP Chemical compound C([C@H]1O2)OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2N1C(N=C(NC2=O)N)=C2N=C1 ZOOGRGPOEVQQDX-UUOKFMHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100037263 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039720 A-kinase-interacting protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060000255 AIM2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100033350 ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000024893 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014697 Acute lymphocytic leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000701242 Adenoviridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HJCMDXDYPOUFDY-WHFBIAKZSA-N Ala-Gln Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(N)=O HJCMDXDYPOUFDY-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100040069 Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000012103 Alexa Fluor 488 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100040121 Allograft inflammatory factor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100022417 Aminoacyl tRNA synthase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010002198 Anaphylactic reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000000412 Annexin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050008874 Annexin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100021569 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010003591 Ataxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100035683 Axin-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700024832 B-Cell CLL-Lymphoma 10 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100021571 B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 member B protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000010839 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000003950 B-cell lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100037598 B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100022983 B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100037152 BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101150074953 BCL10 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091012583 BCL2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100021663 Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100022970 Basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor ATF-like Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100026596 Bcl-2-like protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101150008012 Bcl2l1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100031109 Beta-catenin-like protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000588807 Bordetella Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100022595 Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100031172 C-C chemokine receptor type 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710149814 C-C chemokine receptor type 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100035875 C-C chemokine receptor type 5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710149870 C-C chemokine receptor type 5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100025074 C-C chemokine receptor-like 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032367 C-C motif chemokine 5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100028989 C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100031650 C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700012439 CA9 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100024217 CAMPATH-1 antigen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034808 CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100031168 CCN family member 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100038078 CD276 antigen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101150013553 CD40 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100032937 CD40 ligand Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032912 CD44 antigen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065524 CD52 Antigen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100025222 CD63 antigen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100025221 CD70 antigen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010032795 CD8 receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100022436 CMRF35-like molecule 8 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000010354 CRISPR gene editing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010021064 CTLA-4 Antigen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940045513 CTLA4 antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102000000905 Cadherin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050007957 Cadherin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100025805 Cadherin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000589876 Campylobacter Species 0.000 description 1
- 101001110283 Canis lupus familiaris Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100024633 Carbonic anhydrase 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100040751 Casein kinase II subunit alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100026089 Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100035904 Caspase-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100028003 Catenin alpha-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100028914 Catenin beta-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032219 Cathepsin D Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091007854 Cdh1/Fizzy-related Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016289 Cell Adhesion Molecules Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010067225 Cell Adhesion Molecules Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009410 Chemokine receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050000299 Chemokine receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000006082 Chickenpox Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000606161 Chlamydia Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100034667 Chloride intracellular channel protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029297 Cholinephosphotransferase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710130550 Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 40 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700010070 Codon Usage Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000001333 Colorectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000015775 Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010024682 Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010043471 Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010079362 Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001337994 Cryptococcus <scale insect> Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100026359 Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010058546 Cyclin D1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010025464 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010009392 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009503 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010009367 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010016788 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000577 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010016777 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100036252 Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033270 Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100024458 Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclophosphamide Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)P1(=O)NCCCO1 CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100026278 Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032756 Cysteine-rich protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100038497 Cytokine receptor-like factor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034478 Cytokine-dependent hematopoietic cell linker Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100021429 DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010011878 Deafness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100038590 Death-associated protein-like 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100024347 Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100025314 Deleted in esophageal cancer 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100022735 Diacylglycerol kinase alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029921 Dipeptidyl peptidase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100025012 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100031116 Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 19 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100037830 Docking protein 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000255581 Drosophila <fruit fly, genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100031480 Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100037570 Dual specificity protein phosphatase 16 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100035273 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL-B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034121 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF125 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101150097734 EPHB2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150029707 ERBB2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100025137 Early activation antigen CD69 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100028778 Endonuclease 8-like 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100028779 Endonuclease 8-like 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100031968 Ephrin type-B receptor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010075944 Erythropoietin Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100036509 Erythropoietin receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700039887 Essential Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100026693 FAS-associated death domain protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010027673 Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group C protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100038664 Fibrinogen-like protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000331 Firefly luciferases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000710781 Flaviviridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100020715 Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010009306 Forkhead Box Protein O1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010009307 Forkhead Box Protein O3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100035427 Forkhead box protein O1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100035421 Forkhead box protein O3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100028122 Forkhead box protein P1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100027581 Forkhead box protein P3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100021259 Frizzled-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010017533 Fungal infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100024165 G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032340 G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010001498 Galectin 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000802 Galectin 3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010001517 Galectin 3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100021736 Galectin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100041003 Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100020972 Glutamine amidotransferase-like class 1 domain-containing protein 3, mitochondrial Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010051975 Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100038104 Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010017080 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100039619 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039620 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100021186 Granulysin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030386 Granzyme A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030385 Granzyme B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100038393 Granzyme H Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100031150 Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100031153 Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100028972 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010075704 HLA-A Antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012981 Hank's balanced salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000589989 Helicobacter Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700586 Herpesviridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000209 Hexadimethrine bromide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102100024233 High affinity cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 7A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100022128 High mobility group protein B2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039996 Histone deacetylase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039999 Histone deacetylase 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000228402 Histoplasma Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100030339 Homeobox protein Hox-A10 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100021090 Homeobox protein Hox-A9 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100028411 Homeobox protein Hox-B3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100028798 Homeodomain-only protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000600756 Homo sapiens 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000959553 Homo sapiens A-kinase-interacting protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000890570 Homo sapiens Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000890626 Homo sapiens Allograft inflammatory factor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000755758 Homo sapiens Aminoacyl tRNA synthase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000874569 Homo sapiens Axin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000971180 Homo sapiens B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 member B protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000903697 Homo sapiens B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000740062 Homo sapiens BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000903742 Homo sapiens Basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor ATF-like Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000922061 Homo sapiens Beta-catenin-like protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000716068 Homo sapiens C-C chemokine receptor type 6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000797762 Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine 5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000922348 Homo sapiens C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000945426 Homo sapiens CB1 cannabinoid receptor-interacting protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000945515 Homo sapiens CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000777550 Homo sapiens CCN family member 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000761938 Homo sapiens CD160 antigen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000884279 Homo sapiens CD276 antigen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100005713 Homo sapiens CD4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000868215 Homo sapiens CD40 ligand Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000868273 Homo sapiens CD44 antigen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000934368 Homo sapiens CD63 antigen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000934356 Homo sapiens CD70 antigen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100382122 Homo sapiens CIITA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000901669 Homo sapiens CMRF35-like molecule 8 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000760643 Homo sapiens Carbonic anhydrase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000892026 Homo sapiens Casein kinase II subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000892015 Homo sapiens Casein kinase II subunit alpha' Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000983508 Homo sapiens Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000715398 Homo sapiens Caspase-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000859063 Homo sapiens Catenin alpha-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000916173 Homo sapiens Catenin beta-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000869010 Homo sapiens Cathepsin D Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000946430 Homo sapiens Chloride intracellular channel protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000989606 Homo sapiens Cholinephosphotransferase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000855516 Homo sapiens Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000855583 Homo sapiens Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000942084 Homo sapiens Cysteine-rich protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000956427 Homo sapiens Cytokine receptor-like factor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000710210 Homo sapiens Cytokine-dependent hematopoietic cell linker Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000889276 Homo sapiens Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001106401 Homo sapiens DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000956090 Homo sapiens Death-associated protein-like 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001052956 Homo sapiens Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001044817 Homo sapiens Diacylglycerol kinase alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000793922 Homo sapiens Dipeptidyl peptidase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000908391 Homo sapiens Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000777464 Homo sapiens Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 19 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000805166 Homo sapiens Docking protein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000881117 Homo sapiens Dual specificity protein phosphatase 16 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000737265 Homo sapiens E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL-B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000711567 Homo sapiens E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF125 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000934374 Homo sapiens Early activation antigen CD69 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001123824 Homo sapiens Endonuclease 8-like 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001123823 Homo sapiens Endonuclease 8-like 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000967216 Homo sapiens Eosinophil cationic protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101500025419 Homo sapiens Epidermal growth factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000851181 Homo sapiens Epidermal growth factor receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000911074 Homo sapiens FAS-associated death domain protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000914680 Homo sapiens Fanconi anemia group C protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001031635 Homo sapiens Fibrinogen-like protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000932480 Homo sapiens Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001059893 Homo sapiens Forkhead box protein P1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000861452 Homo sapiens Forkhead box protein P3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000819438 Homo sapiens Frizzled-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000868643 Homo sapiens G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000892862 Homo sapiens Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001002170 Homo sapiens Glutamine amidotransferase-like class 1 domain-containing protein 3, mitochondrial Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000746373 Homo sapiens Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001040751 Homo sapiens Granulysin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001009599 Homo sapiens Granzyme A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001009603 Homo sapiens Granzyme B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001033000 Homo sapiens Granzyme H Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001066158 Homo sapiens Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001066164 Homo sapiens Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001117267 Homo sapiens High affinity cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 7A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001045791 Homo sapiens High mobility group protein B2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001035024 Homo sapiens Histone deacetylase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001035011 Homo sapiens Histone deacetylase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001083164 Homo sapiens Homeobox protein Hox-A10 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000839775 Homo sapiens Homeobox protein Hox-B3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000839095 Homo sapiens Homeodomain-only protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001019455 Homo sapiens ICOS ligand Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001037256 Homo sapiens Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001034652 Homo sapiens Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001078158 Homo sapiens Integrin alpha-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000994375 Homo sapiens Integrin alpha-4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000994369 Homo sapiens Integrin alpha-5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001046683 Homo sapiens Integrin alpha-L Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001046668 Homo sapiens Integrin alpha-X Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000935043 Homo sapiens Integrin beta-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001015037 Homo sapiens Integrin beta-7 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000599940 Homo sapiens Interferon gamma Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001001420 Homo sapiens Interferon gamma receptor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000598002 Homo sapiens Interferon regulatory factor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001011393 Homo sapiens Interferon regulatory factor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001011441 Homo sapiens Interferon regulatory factor 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001002634 Homo sapiens Interleukin-1 alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001033249 Homo sapiens Interleukin-1 beta Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001083151 Homo sapiens Interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001003142 Homo sapiens Interleukin-12 receptor subunit beta-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001003138 Homo sapiens Interleukin-12 receptor subunit beta-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001010600 Homo sapiens Interleukin-12 subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000852992 Homo sapiens Interleukin-12 subunit beta Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001003140 Homo sapiens Interleukin-15 receptor subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001019598 Homo sapiens Interleukin-17 receptor A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000998146 Homo sapiens Interleukin-17A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000961065 Homo sapiens Interleukin-18 receptor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001019615 Homo sapiens Interleukin-18 receptor accessory protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000852998 Homo sapiens Interleukin-27 subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001033312 Homo sapiens Interleukin-4 receptor subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000599048 Homo sapiens Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001027081 Homo sapiens Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000945371 Homo sapiens Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000945333 Homo sapiens Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000945331 Homo sapiens Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000945337 Homo sapiens Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL5A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000945335 Homo sapiens Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL5B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000945340 Homo sapiens Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000945339 Homo sapiens Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000945343 Homo sapiens Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000945342 Homo sapiens Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000945346 Homo sapiens Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000945351 Homo sapiens Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000945490 Homo sapiens Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000945493 Homo sapiens Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000945492 Homo sapiens Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DS1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001046587 Homo sapiens Krueppel-like factor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001006892 Homo sapiens Krueppel-like factor 10 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001139146 Homo sapiens Krueppel-like factor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001139134 Homo sapiens Krueppel-like factor 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001139126 Homo sapiens Krueppel-like factor 6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001090713 Homo sapiens L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001018097 Homo sapiens L-selectin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001042362 Homo sapiens Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000868279 Homo sapiens Leukocyte surface antigen CD47 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001138062 Homo sapiens Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000917858 Homo sapiens Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001043594 Homo sapiens Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001039199 Homo sapiens Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001137987 Homo sapiens Lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001063392 Homo sapiens Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000972291 Homo sapiens Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001011906 Homo sapiens Matrix metalloproteinase-14 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000962483 Homo sapiens Max dimerization protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000957106 Homo sapiens Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001133056 Homo sapiens Mucin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000775053 Homo sapiens Neuroblast differentiation-associated protein AHNAK Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000844245 Homo sapiens Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000979342 Homo sapiens Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000686034 Homo sapiens Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000603882 Homo sapiens Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001094028 Homo sapiens Phosphatase and actin regulator 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001116302 Homo sapiens Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001071145 Homo sapiens Polyhomeotic-like protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000844027 Homo sapiens Probable non-functional T cell receptor beta variable 7-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001117317 Homo sapiens Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001117312 Homo sapiens Programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001117519 Homo sapiens Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001136592 Homo sapiens Prostate stem cell antigen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000979460 Homo sapiens Protein Niban 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000655540 Homo sapiens Protransforming growth factor alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001099586 Homo sapiens Pyridoxal kinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000779418 Homo sapiens RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000712530 Homo sapiens RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000712899 Homo sapiens RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001110313 Homo sapiens Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001081189 Homo sapiens Rho GTPase-activating protein 45 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000707215 Homo sapiens SH2 domain-containing protein 2A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000616523 Homo sapiens SH2B adapter protein 3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000633784 Homo sapiens SLAM family member 7 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000688930 Homo sapiens Signaling threshold-regulating transmembrane adapter 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000740162 Homo sapiens Sodium- and chloride-dependent transporter XTRP3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000633700 Homo sapiens Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000633708 Homo sapiens Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000689224 Homo sapiens Src-like-adapter 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000831940 Homo sapiens Stathmin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000772138 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 1-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000795989 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 10 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000795920 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 12-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000658376 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 12-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000658374 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 12-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000658380 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 13-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000658378 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 13-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000772136 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 16 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000772143 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 17 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000772144 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 18 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000772141 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 19 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000772111 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000772109 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 20 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000772110 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 21 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000772107 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 22 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000772105 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 24 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000772106 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 25 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000658384 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 26-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000658382 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 26-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000772113 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 27 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000794417 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000772121 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 30 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000794423 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 34 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000794422 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 35 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000794420 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000794371 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000794370 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000794373 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 7 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000794372 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 8-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000794375 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 8-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000794374 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 8-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000794366 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 8-6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000794369 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 9-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000794368 Homo sapiens T cell receptor alpha variable 9-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000844037 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 10-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000844038 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 10-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000844035 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 10-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000844036 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 11-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000844034 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 11-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000939856 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 11-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000939859 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 12-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000939743 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 12-5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000658388 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 13 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000658386 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 14 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000658398 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 19 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000939742 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 20-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000939745 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 24-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000939744 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 25-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000658400 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 27 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000658406 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 28 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000658404 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 29-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000658408 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 30 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000606207 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 4-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000606206 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 4-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000606204 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 5-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000606209 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 5-4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000606214 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 5-6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000606218 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 6-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000606217 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 6-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000606215 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 6-4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000606220 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 6-5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000606219 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 6-6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000844030 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 6-8 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000844031 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 6-9 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000844026 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 7-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000844024 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 7-4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000844025 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 7-6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000844023 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 7-7 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000844021 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 7-8 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000844022 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 7-9 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000844040 Homo sapiens T cell receptor beta variable 9 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000713602 Homo sapiens T-box transcription factor TBX21 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000914496 Homo sapiens T-cell antigen CD7 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000946863 Homo sapiens T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 delta chain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000946860 Homo sapiens T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000596277 Homo sapiens TSC22 domain family protein 3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000835745 Homo sapiens Teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000715050 Homo sapiens Thromboxane A2 receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000845170 Homo sapiens Thymic stromal lymphopoietin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001041525 Homo sapiens Transcription factor 12 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000653540 Homo sapiens Transcription factor 7 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000596772 Homo sapiens Transcription factor 7-like 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000666382 Homo sapiens Transcription factor E2-alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000813738 Homo sapiens Transcription factor ETV6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001028730 Homo sapiens Transcription factor JunB Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000825079 Homo sapiens Transcription factor SOX-13 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000904499 Homo sapiens Transcription regulator protein BACH2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000835093 Homo sapiens Transferrin receptor protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001004924 Homo sapiens Transforming growth factor beta activator LRRC32 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000635938 Homo sapiens Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000635958 Homo sapiens Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000892398 Homo sapiens Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000830565 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000830603 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000638161 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000801232 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000679857 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000679851 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000934996 Homo sapiens Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001087416 Homo sapiens Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001135561 Homo sapiens Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000617285 Homo sapiens Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000671855 Homo sapiens Ubiquitin-associated and SH3 domain-containing protein A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000851018 Homo sapiens Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000976201 Homo sapiens Zinc finger C2HC domain-containing protein 1A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000723833 Homo sapiens Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000785678 Homo sapiens Zinc finger protein 516 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000702691 Homo sapiens Zinc finger protein SNAI1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001117146 Homo sapiens [Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 1, mitochondrial Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000919269 Homo sapiens cAMP-responsive element modulator Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001098805 Homo sapiens cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001098818 Homo sapiens cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010062767 Hypophysitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100034980 ICOS ligand Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000026633 IL6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000009438 IgE Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010073816 IgE Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100040061 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100021317 Inducible T-cell costimulator Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100023915 Insulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100039688 Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100025323 Integrin alpha-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032818 Integrin alpha-4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032817 Integrin alpha-5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100022297 Integrin alpha-X Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100025304 Integrin beta-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033016 Integrin beta-7 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100035678 Interferon gamma receptor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100036981 Interferon regulatory factor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029838 Interferon regulatory factor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030126 Interferon regulatory factor 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100024064 Interferon-inducible protein AIM2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100020881 Interleukin-1 alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039065 Interleukin-1 beta Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000003814 Interleukin-10 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000174 Interleukin-10 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100030236 Interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065805 Interleukin-12 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000013462 Interleukin-12 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100020790 Interleukin-12 receptor subunit beta-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100020792 Interleukin-12 receptor subunit beta-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030698 Interleukin-12 subunit alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100036701 Interleukin-12 subunit beta Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000176 Interleukin-13 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003816 Interleukin-13 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100020789 Interleukin-15 receptor subunit alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100035018 Interleukin-17 receptor A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033461 Interleukin-17A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000003810 Interleukin-18 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000171 Interleukin-18 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100039340 Interleukin-18 receptor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100035010 Interleukin-18 receptor accessory protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000007351 Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010032774 Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100036678 Interleukin-27 subunit alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039078 Interleukin-4 receptor subunit alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100037792 Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010018951 Interleukin-8B Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091092195 Intron Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100037363 Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033599 Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033634 Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033633 Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033628 Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL5B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033631 Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033630 Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033625 Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033624 Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033626 Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033627 Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034840 Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034834 Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034833 Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DS1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100022248 Krueppel-like factor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100027798 Krueppel-like factor 10 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100020675 Krueppel-like factor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100020677 Krueppel-like factor 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100020679 Krueppel-like factor 6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100034671 L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033467 L-selectin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000017578 LAG3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101150032862 LEF-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100021747 Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010017736 Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor B1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100025584 Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032913 Leukocyte surface antigen CD47 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100020943 Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034238 Linker for activation of T-cells family member 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100021926 Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100040704 Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010064548 Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100030984 Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100022699 Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010068342 MAP Kinase Kinase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100026371 MHC class II transactivator Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700002010 MHC class II transactivator Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000829100 Macaca mulatta polyomavirus 1 Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100030216 Matrix metalloproteinase-14 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039185 Max dimerization protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 201000005505 Measles Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108050008953 Melanoma-associated antigen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010047230 Member 1 Subfamily B ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010090306 Member 2 Subfamily G ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000018697 Membrane Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010027406 Mesothelioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100038828 Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100025748 Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710143111 Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100025725 Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710143112 Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150097381 Mtor gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000005647 Mumps Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001529936 Murinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000985214 Mus musculus 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101150042817 NFS1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108050003738 Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100031837 Neuroblast differentiation-associated protein AHNAK Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010008858 Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100022397 Nitric oxide synthase, brain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000015914 Non-Hodgkin lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100032028 Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100023050 Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100023421 Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000712464 Orthomyxoviridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010033128 Ovarian cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061535 Ovarian neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000711504 Paramyxoviridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100035266 Phosphatase and actin regulator 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010004729 Phycoerythrin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000709664 Picornaviridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000224016 Plasmodium Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100024616 Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000233870 Pneumocystis Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100033222 Polyhomeotic-like protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241001505332 Polyomavirus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000153 Povidone-iodine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000006664 Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100032176 Probable non-functional T cell receptor beta variable 7-3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100024216 Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100024213 Programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100024448 Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010060862 Prostate cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100036735 Prostate stem cell antigen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000000236 Prostatic Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100023076 Protein Niban 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100023087 Protein S100-A4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032350 Protransforming growth factor alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000003251 Pruritus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 description 1
- 101710156592 Putative TATA-binding protein pB263R Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100038517 Pyridoxal kinase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033810 RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033479 RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101150115881 RAP1GAP2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150111584 RHOA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100033135 RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100040091 Rap1 GTPase-activating protein 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100022122 Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100022129 Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000006265 Renal cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108700008625 Reporter Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000007660 Residual Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000712907 Retroviridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000711931 Rhabdoviridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100027748 Rho GTPase-activating protein 45 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000606701 Rickettsia Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100126298 Rickettsia conorii (strain ATCC VR-613 / Malish 7) iscS gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000006146 Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100025373 Runt-related transcription factor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100025369 Runt-related transcription factor 3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100031779 SH2 domain-containing protein 2A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100021778 SH2B adapter protein 3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029198 SLAM family member 7 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091006296 SLC2A1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091006238 SLC7A8 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150114492 SPL1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005886 STAT4 Transcription Factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010019992 STAT4 Transcription Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150058731 STAT5A gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150063267 STAT5B gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010011005 STAT6 Transcription Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000607142 Salmonella Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000277331 Salmonidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090000184 Selectins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003800 Selectins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100023085 Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000607768 Shigella Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100024481 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100024474 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100023980 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010074687 Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100029215 Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100024453 Signaling threshold-regulating transmembrane adapter 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101150045565 Socs1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150043341 Socs3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102100023536 Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000589970 Spirochaetales Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100029208 Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029213 Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100024510 Src-like-adapter 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000191940 Staphylococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100024237 Stathmin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000194017 Streptococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010021188 Superoxide Dismutase-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100038836 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700027336 Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000058015 Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700027337 Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100024779 Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010002687 Survivin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010008038 Synthetic Vaccines Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000020385 T cell costimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000024932 T cell mediated immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102100029308 T cell receptor alpha variable 1-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100031333 T cell receptor alpha variable 10 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100031722 T cell receptor alpha variable 12-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034847 T cell receptor alpha variable 12-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034846 T cell receptor alpha variable 12-3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034849 T cell receptor alpha variable 13-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034848 T cell receptor alpha variable 13-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029302 T cell receptor alpha variable 16 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029306 T cell receptor alpha variable 17 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029300 T cell receptor alpha variable 18 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029307 T cell receptor alpha variable 19 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029486 T cell receptor alpha variable 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029488 T cell receptor alpha variable 20 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029487 T cell receptor alpha variable 21 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029482 T cell receptor alpha variable 22 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029484 T cell receptor alpha variable 24 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029483 T cell receptor alpha variable 25 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034843 T cell receptor alpha variable 26-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034842 T cell receptor alpha variable 26-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029313 T cell receptor alpha variable 27 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030199 T cell receptor alpha variable 3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029314 T cell receptor alpha variable 30 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030190 T cell receptor alpha variable 34 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030191 T cell receptor alpha variable 35 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030196 T cell receptor alpha variable 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030178 T cell receptor alpha variable 5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030179 T cell receptor alpha variable 6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030182 T cell receptor alpha variable 7 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030183 T cell receptor alpha variable 8-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030180 T cell receptor alpha variable 8-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030181 T cell receptor alpha variable 8-3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030186 T cell receptor alpha variable 8-6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030188 T cell receptor alpha variable 9-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030184 T cell receptor alpha variable 9-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032168 T cell receptor beta variable 10-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032167 T cell receptor beta variable 10-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032172 T cell receptor beta variable 10-3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032171 T cell receptor beta variable 11-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032179 T cell receptor beta variable 11-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029711 T cell receptor beta variable 11-3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029696 T cell receptor beta variable 12-3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029658 T cell receptor beta variable 12-5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034886 T cell receptor beta variable 13 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034885 T cell receptor beta variable 14 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034884 T cell receptor beta variable 19 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029659 T cell receptor beta variable 20-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029656 T cell receptor beta variable 24-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029657 T cell receptor beta variable 25-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034877 T cell receptor beta variable 27 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034880 T cell receptor beta variable 28 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034879 T cell receptor beta variable 29-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034890 T cell receptor beta variable 30 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039755 T cell receptor beta variable 4-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039757 T cell receptor beta variable 4-3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039739 T cell receptor beta variable 5-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039753 T cell receptor beta variable 5-4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039749 T cell receptor beta variable 5-6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039787 T cell receptor beta variable 6-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039748 T cell receptor beta variable 6-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039750 T cell receptor beta variable 6-4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039786 T cell receptor beta variable 6-5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039785 T cell receptor beta variable 6-6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032181 T cell receptor beta variable 6-8 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032180 T cell receptor beta variable 6-9 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032177 T cell receptor beta variable 7-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032183 T cell receptor beta variable 7-4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032178 T cell receptor beta variable 7-6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032184 T cell receptor beta variable 7-7 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032193 T cell receptor beta variable 7-8 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032192 T cell receptor beta variable 7-9 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032166 T cell receptor beta variable 9 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010083312 T-Cell Antigen Receptor-CD3 Complex Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100036840 T-box transcription factor TBX21 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100027208 T-cell antigen CD7 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100035891 T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 delta chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100035794 T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710145783 TATA-box-binding protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100033456 TGF-beta receptor type-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000004398 TNF receptor-associated factor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000920 TNF receptor-associated factor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000925 TNF receptor-associated factor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004399 TNF receptor-associated factor 3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000922 TNF receptor-associated factor 3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100034779 TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100035260 TSC22 domain family protein 3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010033711 Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100036497 Telomeric repeat-binding factor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100026404 Teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100036704 Thromboxane A2 receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100031294 Thymic stromal lymphopoietin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000006601 Thymidine Kinase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004440 Thymidine kinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- AUYYCJSJGJYCDS-LBPRGKRZSA-N Thyrolar Chemical compound IC1=CC(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CC(I)=C1OC1=CC=C(O)C(I)=C1 AUYYCJSJGJYCDS-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000710924 Togaviridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000040945 Transcription factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091023040 Transcription factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100021123 Transcription factor 12 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030627 Transcription factor 7 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100038313 Transcription factor E2-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039580 Transcription factor ETV6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100037168 Transcription factor JunB Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100022435 Transcription factor SOX-13 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100023998 Transcription regulator protein BACH2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004566 Transfer RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004338 Transferrin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000901 Transferrin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100026144 Transferrin receptor protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010011702 Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I Receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010009583 Transforming Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009618 Transforming Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100025946 Transforming growth factor beta activator LRRC32 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030742 Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030737 Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100022387 Transforming protein RhoA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920004890 Triton X-100 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013504 Triton X-100 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100040653 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065158 Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010078814 Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100024598 Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100024568 Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100024586 Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100031988 Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033733 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100022156 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100040245 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010064390 Tumour invasion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100025387 Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033019 Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033136 Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100021657 Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000848 Ubiquitin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000044159 Ubiquitin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100040337 Ubiquitin-associated and SH3 domain-containing protein A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000025865 Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010046980 Varicella Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000700647 Variola virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000016548 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020005202 Viral DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000040856 WT1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700020467 WT1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150084041 WT1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000004156 Wnt signaling pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000021375 Xenogenes Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100023878 Zinc finger C2HC domain-containing protein 1A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100028458 Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100026527 Zinc finger protein 516 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100026497 Zinc finger protein 654 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030917 Zinc finger protein SNAI1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- UYRDHEJRPVSJFM-VSWVFQEASA-N [(1s,3r)-3-hydroxy-4-[(3e,5e,7e,9e,11z)-11-[4-[(e)-2-[(1r,3s,6s)-3-hydroxy-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-6-yl]ethenyl]-5-oxofuran-2-ylidene]-3,10-dimethylundeca-1,3,5,7,9-pentaenylidene]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl] acetate Chemical compound C[C@@]1(O)C[C@@H](OC(=O)C)CC(C)(C)C1=C=C\C(C)=C\C=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C/1C=C(\C=C\[C@]23[C@@](O2)(C)C[C@@H](O)CC3(C)C)C(=O)O\1 UYRDHEJRPVSJFM-VSWVFQEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108700010877 adenoviridae proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011467 adoptive cell therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010004469 allophycocyanin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150073130 ampR gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000202 analgesic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036783 anaphylactic response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000003455 anaphylaxis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005875 antibody response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011398 antitumor immunotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003855 balanced salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108700000711 bcl-X Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012148 binding buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001185 bone marrow Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005013 brain tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- KQNZDYYTLMIZCT-KQPMLPITSA-N brefeldin A Chemical compound O[C@@H]1\C=C\C(=O)O[C@@H](C)CCC\C=C\[C@@H]2C[C@H](O)C[C@H]21 KQNZDYYTLMIZCT-KQPMLPITSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUMGSHROWPPKFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N brefeldin-A Natural products CC1CCCC=CC2(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C(O)C=CC(=O)O1 JUMGSHROWPPKFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMRJXGBAOAMLHD-IHFGGWKQSA-N buprenorphine Chemical compound C([C@]12[C@H]3OC=4C(O)=CC=C(C2=4)C[C@@H]2[C@]11CC[C@]3([C@H](C1)[C@](C)(O)C(C)(C)C)OC)CN2CC1CC1 RMRJXGBAOAMLHD-IHFGGWKQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001736 buprenorphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102100029387 cAMP-responsive element modulator Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100037092 cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100037093 cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940112129 campath Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002619 cancer immunotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009400 cancer invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000837 carbohydrate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020411 cell activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000030833 cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006727 cell loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007541 cellular toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003679 cervix uteri Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001054 cortical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007428 craniotomy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009260 cross reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004397 cyclophosphamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102000003675 cytokine receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010057085 cytokine receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000005220 cytoplasmic tail Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004292 cytoskeleton Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001086 cytosolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002784 cytotoxicity assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000263 cytotoxicity test Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000895 deafness Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012350 deep sequencing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- FOCAHLGSDWHSAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethanethione Chemical compound FC(F)=S FOCAHLGSDWHSAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003113 dilution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940090124 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp-4) inhibitors for blood glucose lowering Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001038 distal kidney tubule Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003162 effector t lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001671 embryonic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005139 epinephrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003238 esophagus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010195 expression analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013613 expression plasmid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012997 ficoll-paque Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940014144 folate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000053095 fungal pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000004475 gamma-delta t lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011223 gene expression profiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000025 genetic toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001738 genotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000003911 head and neck carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000016354 hearing loss disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002443 helper t lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000006454 hepatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000283 hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000833 heterodimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000010726 hind limb paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010027263 homeobox protein HOXA9 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000045108 human EGFR Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229940116978 human epidermal growth factor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000028996 humoral immune response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000890 hydrocortisone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003463 hyperproliferative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007954 hypoxia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002865 immune cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012642 immune effector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005847 immunogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940121354 immunomodulator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003308 immunostimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012606 in vitro cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005917 in vivo anti-tumor Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004263 induced pluripotent stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006882 induction of apoptosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091008042 inhibitory receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102000006495 integrins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010044426 integrins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091008582 intracellular receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000027411 intracellular receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000007928 intraperitoneal injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010253 intravenous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000265 leukocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006166 lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001394 metastastic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010061289 metastatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011325 microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002991 molded plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000010805 mumps infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GVUGOAYIVIDWIO-UFWWTJHBSA-N nepidermin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)C(C)C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 GVUGOAYIVIDWIO-UFWWTJHBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009437 off-target effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011275 oncology therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002611 ovarian Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 1
- UTIQDNPUHSAVDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N peridinin Natural products CC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)C(=C=CC(=CC=CC=CC=C2/OC(=O)C(=C2)C=CC34OC3(C)CC(O)CC4(C)C)C)C(C)(O)C1 UTIQDNPUHSAVDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003285 pharmacodynamic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003635 pituitary gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000000317 pneumocystosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001481 poly(stearyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006555 post-translational control Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002980 postoperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001621 povidone-iodine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002307 prostate Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000512 proximal kidney tubule Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010062302 rac1 GTP Binding Protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003753 real-time PCR Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010054624 red fluorescent protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003289 regulatory T cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003362 replicative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000754 repressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002271 resection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001177 retroviral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010839 reverse transcription Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000005404 rubella Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010038196 saccharide-binding proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009758 senescence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003607 serino group Chemical group [H]N([H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)[*])C(O[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012679 serum free medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108091006024 signal transducing proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000034285 signal transducing proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000007727 signaling mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000528 statistical test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001550 testis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004797 therapeutic response Effects 0.000 description 1
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000451 tissue damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000827 tissue damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003151 transfection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012581 transferrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940035722 triiodothyronine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036269 ulceration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241001430294 unidentified retrovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003827 upregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052613 viral pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011534 wash buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012447 xenograft mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010065816 zeta chain antigen T cell receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
- C07K14/70503—Immunoglobulin superfamily
- C07K14/7051—T-cell receptor (TcR)-CD3 complex
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0634—Cells from the blood or the immune system
- C12N5/0636—T lymphocytes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/001102—Receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- A61K39/001103—Receptors for growth factors
- A61K39/001104—Epidermal growth factor receptors [EGFR]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/001102—Receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- A61K39/001103—Receptors for growth factors
- A61K39/001106—Her-2/neu/ErbB2, Her-3/ErbB3 or Her 4/ErbB4
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/001102—Receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- A61K39/001103—Receptors for growth factors
- A61K39/001107—Fibroblast growth factor receptors [FGFR]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/001102—Receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- A61K39/001103—Receptors for growth factors
- A61K39/001109—Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors [VEGFR]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/001102—Receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- A61K39/001103—Receptors for growth factors
- A61K39/00111—Hepatocyte growth factor receptor [HGFR or c-met]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/001102—Receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- A61K39/001111—Immunoglobulin superfamily
- A61K39/001112—CD19 or B4
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/001102—Receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- A61K39/001111—Immunoglobulin superfamily
- A61K39/001113—CD22, BL-CAM, siglec-2 or sialic acid- binding Ig-related lectin 2
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/001102—Receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- A61K39/001116—Receptors for cytokines
- A61K39/001119—Receptors for interleukins [IL]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/001102—Receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- A61K39/001124—CD20
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/001102—Receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- A61K39/001126—CD38 not IgG
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/001102—Receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- A61K39/001129—Molecules with a "CD" designation not provided for elsewhere
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/001148—Regulators of development
- A61K39/00115—Apoptosis related proteins, e.g. survivin or livin
- A61K39/001151—Apoptosis related proteins, e.g. survivin or livin p53
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/001154—Enzymes
- A61K39/001164—GTPases, e.g. Ras or Rho
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/001166—Adhesion molecules, e.g. NRCAM, EpCAM or cadherins
- A61K39/001168—Mesothelin [MSLN]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/001169—Tumor associated carbohydrates
- A61K39/00117—Mucins, e.g. MUC-1
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/001169—Tumor associated carbohydrates
- A61K39/001171—Gangliosides, e.g. GM2, GD2 or GD3
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/001174—Proteoglycans, e.g. glypican, brevican or CSPG4
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/00118—Cancer antigens from embryonic or fetal origin
- A61K39/001181—Alpha-feto protein
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/00118—Cancer antigens from embryonic or fetal origin
- A61K39/001182—Carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/00119—Melanoma antigens
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/001193—Prostate associated antigens e.g. Prostate stem cell antigen [PSCA]; Prostate carcinoma tumor antigen [PCTA]; PAP or PSGR
- A61K39/001194—Prostate specific antigen [PSA]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
- A61K39/39533—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
- A61K39/39558—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against tumor tissues, cells, antigens
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/46—Cellular immunotherapy
- A61K39/461—Cellular immunotherapy characterised by the cell type used
- A61K39/4611—T-cells, e.g. tumor infiltrating lymphocytes [TIL], lymphokine-activated killer cells [LAK] or regulatory T cells [Treg]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/46—Cellular immunotherapy
- A61K39/463—Cellular immunotherapy characterised by recombinant expression
- A61K39/4631—Chimeric Antigen Receptors [CAR]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/46—Cellular immunotherapy
- A61K39/464—Cellular immunotherapy characterised by the antigen targeted or presented
- A61K39/4643—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/4644—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/464402—Receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- A61K39/464403—Receptors for growth factors
- A61K39/464404—Epidermal growth factor receptors [EGFR]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
- C07K14/70503—Immunoglobulin superfamily
- C07K14/70521—CD28, CD152
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
- C07K14/715—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants for cytokines; for lymphokines; for interferons
- C07K14/7153—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants for cytokines; for lymphokines; for interferons for colony-stimulating factors [CSF]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
- C07K16/2809—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against the T-cell receptor (TcR)-CD3 complex
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2863—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against receptors for growth factors, growth regulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0634—Cells from the blood or the immune system
- C12N5/0636—T lymphocytes
- C12N5/0638—Cytotoxic T lymphocytes [CTL] or lymphokine activated killer cells [LAK]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
- A61K2039/515—Animal cells
- A61K2039/5156—Animal cells expressing foreign proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
- A61K2039/515—Animal cells
- A61K2039/5158—Antigen-pulsed cells, e.g. T-cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2239/00—Indexing codes associated with cellular immunotherapy of group A61K39/46
- A61K2239/38—Indexing codes associated with cellular immunotherapy of group A61K39/46 characterised by the dose, timing or administration schedule
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2239/00—Indexing codes associated with cellular immunotherapy of group A61K39/46
- A61K2239/46—Indexing codes associated with cellular immunotherapy of group A61K39/46 characterised by the cancer treated
- A61K2239/47—Brain; Nervous system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/60—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/62—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments comprising only variable region components
- C07K2317/622—Single chain antibody (scFv)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/60—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/64—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments comprising a combination of variable region and constant region components
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/73—Inducing cell death, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis or inhibition of cell proliferation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
- C07K2317/92—Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
- C07K2319/02—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a signal sequence
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
- C07K2319/03—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a transmembrane segment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/30—Non-immunoglobulin-derived peptide or protein having an immunoglobulin constant or Fc region, or a fragment thereof, attached thereto
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/33—Fusion polypeptide fusions for targeting to specific cell types, e.g. tissue specific targeting, targeting of a bacterial subspecies
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/70—Fusion polypeptide containing domain for protein-protein interaction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/20—Cytokines; Chemokines
- C12N2501/23—Interleukins [IL]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/20—Cytokines; Chemokines
- C12N2501/23—Interleukins [IL]
- C12N2501/2302—Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/50—Cell markers; Cell surface determinants
- C12N2501/515—CD3, T-cell receptor complex
Abstract
Description
配列表の組込み
本発明は、一般に、医学、免疫学、細胞生物学、及び分子生物学の分野に関する。特定の態様では、発明の技術分野は免疫療法に関する。より詳細には、本明細書に記載する実施形態は、キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)と、標的抗原を高発現している細胞を特異的に標的にすることができるCAR発現T細胞とに関する。
臨床グレードT細胞の効力は、遺伝子治療と免疫療法とを併用して、(i)腫瘍関連抗原(TAA)の認識、(ii)注入後の持続性、(iii)腫瘍部位への移行能力、及び(iv)腫瘍微小環境内でのエフェクター機能の再利用能に優れた効力を有する生物由来製品を人工的に作り出すことにより改善することができる。こうした遺伝子治療と免疫療法との併用により、T細胞の特異性をB細胞系抗原に誘導することができ、そのため、B細胞性悪性腫瘍が進行している患者は、そのような腫瘍特異的T細胞の注入により恩恵を受ける(Jena et al.,2010;Till et al.,2008;Porter et al.,2011;Brentjens et al.,2011;Cooper et al.,2012;Kalos et al.,2011;Kochenderfer et al.,2010;Kochenderfer et al.,2012;Brentjens et al.,2013)。ヒト用途に人工的にT細胞の遺伝子を操作する方法のほとんどでは、キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)を安定して発現させるためにレトロウイルス及びレンチウイルスが使用されている(Jena et al.,2010;Ertl et al.,2011;Kohn et al.,2011)。この方法は、現行の医薬品の製造及び品質管理に関する基準(cGMP)に適合しているものの、臨床グレードの組換え型ウイルスの製造及び出荷は限られた数しかない製造施設に依存するため高額になり得る。
A.RNA修飾によるEGFR特異的CARの一過性発現
正常な組織に発現する抗原に対して向けられる、CAR T細胞療法による長期のon−target(標的上)、off−tissue(標的組織外)毒性の可能性を抑えるために、RNA移入によるCARの一過性発現が提案されてきた。RNA移入前のT細胞の細胞数増幅は、患者への注入に必要とされる臨床上関連のあるT細胞数を得るのに魅力的である。本発明者らは、抗原特異性とは無関係に、抗CD3抗体であるOKT3を搭載したaAPCでの共培養によるT細胞数増幅を検討した。培養T細胞に対する抗原提示細胞(例えば、aAPC)の比を変えたところ、得られたT細胞集団の表現型が変わった。低密度のaAPC(T細胞:aAPC=10:1)で増幅させたT細胞は、高密度aAPCと共に増幅させたT細胞と比べて、CD8+T細胞の割合の増加、セントラルメモリー表現型T細胞の存在の増加、IFN−γ及びTNF−αの産生低下とIL−2の産生増加、及び増幅後のTCR多様性のクローン性喪失の大幅な減少と関連していた。低密度aAPCで増幅させたT細胞は、電気泳動転写後、RNA転写産物の高発現及びT細胞生存率の改善を示し、高密度aAPCで増幅させたT細胞よりもRNA電気泳動転写に対し敏感に反応する。
Cetux−CAR+T細胞は正常組織抗原を認識することができるため、on−target、off−tissue毒性をもたらし得ると考えられる。したがって、本発明者らは、on−target、off−tissue毒性をCARの一過性発現により制御する方法として、RNA種としてのCARの発現を検討した。CAR発現は一過性であり、CARの分解後は正常組織のEGFRに対する細胞傷害の可能性は低くはなるが、CARがかなり分解されないうちに正常組織EGFRの認識と同時の速やかなT細胞エフェクター機能の可能性は認められなかった。さらに、CAR発現を制限することにより、CARの分解後はT細胞はEGFR発現腫瘍に非応答となり、このアプローチによる抗腫瘍活性持続の可能性は低くなる。以上のことから、正常組織の存在下でCAR活性を制御し、抗腫瘍活性を損なうことなく有害なon−target、off−tissue毒性を制限する機序について検討した。
膠芽腫など腫瘍によっては正常組織での発現よりもEGFRが高密度で過剰発現するので、結合親和性を低下させるためにCARのscFvドメインを改変することにより、EGFR高密度の存在下ではT細胞を選択的に活性化するが、EGFR低密度の存在下ではT細胞活性を抑制できるであろうという仮説を立てた。Cetux−CAR及びNimo−CARは、それぞれに異なる親和性及び結合動態でEGFR上の重複エピトープに結合し、Cetux−CARの方が5.3倍低い解離定数を有する、すなわち高親和性であり、59倍高い会合速度を特徴とするようにする。インビトロ研究では、Cetux−CARは、外因性サイトカインの非存在下では抗原に応答した増殖が低下していたこと、EGFRを結合するCARのscFvドメイン及びEGFRの密度に依存してCARの下方制御が増強されていたこと、及び抗原を用いた再惹起に応答したサイトカイン産生が低下していたことも示された。
CAR+T細胞の安全性達成のために開発された方法は、主に、(i)CAR+T細胞を腫瘍組織に拘束する、(ii)CAR発現/T細胞持続性を制限する、及び(iii)CAR介在性のT細胞活性化を腫瘍に拘束する、という3つの戦略に大別することができる(図32)。CCR2、CCR4及びCXCR2などホーミング分子をCARと共にT細胞に共発現させて腫瘍部位にホーミングさせるという、CAR+T細胞を腫瘍部位に隔離するための記載がある(Peng et al.,2010;Moon et al.,2011;Di Stasi et al.,2009)。CAR+T細胞は、ホーミング受容体を持たないCAR+T細胞に比べて腫瘍組織において富んでいるが、ホーミング受容体を発現しているCAR+T細胞のうち、腫瘍に効率的にホーミングをせず、そのために正常組織を標的にするのが何割なのかは不明である。同様に、腫瘍により分泌されるケモカインが、組織の損傷と治癒の過程で正常組織からも分泌され得る。したがって、これらの治療法に他の治療法、例えば手術、化学療法及び放射線照射を併用すると、治療中、特別な損傷のない正常組織にT細胞を引き付ける危険性が考えられる。多くの腫瘍に共通する低酸素条件中に選択的に発現するCARの開発は、CARを酸素依存的分解ドメインに融合させて酸素正常状態におけるCARの発現及び組織標的能を制限することにより達成されている(Chan et al.,2005)。低酸素状態から酸素正常状態へ移動するT細胞のCAR分解には、数分から数時間かかる場合があるため、CARが分解される前にon−target、off−tissue毒性が起こり得ることは可能である。さらに、多くの腫瘍の中心部は低酸素になっているが、血管に富んだ腫瘍周辺領域にはCARを分解するのに十分な濃度の酸素があり、周辺領域をCAR介在性T細胞活性から保護している(Vartanian et al.,2014)。
膠芽腫患者は、癌免疫療法にとって、EGFRに対して特異的なT細胞の安全性初期評価に理想的な患者集団となり得る。EGFRは膠芽腫に罹患した患者の40〜50%に過剰発現している(Parsons et al.,2008;Hu et al.,2013)。また、正常脳組織におけるEGFRの発現は報告されていない(Yano et al.,2003)。EGFRは正常上皮表面に広く分布しているため、腫瘍切除後にT細胞を腔内送達することにより、抗腫瘍能を最大限にしつつ、CNS外の上皮表面と相互作用する可能性を最小化できる。膠芽腫患者での初期安全性評価の後は、EGFR特異的CAR+T細胞療法を、乳房、卵巣、肺、頭頸部、結腸直腸、及び腎の細胞癌腫など他のEGFR発現悪性腫瘍まで広げることが可能であり得る(Hynes et al.,2005)。
本明細書で使用する用語「chimeric antigen receptors(CAR)(キメラ抗原受容体)」は、例えば、人工のT細胞受容体、キメラT細胞受容体、またはキメラ免疫受容体を意味してよく、人工の特異性を特定の免疫エフェクター細胞に移植する遺伝子工学的に操作した受容体を包含する。CARを使用してモノクローナル抗体の特異性をT細胞に付与し、これにより、多数の特異的T細胞を、例えば養子細胞療法で使用するために作製して良い。具体的な実施形態では、CARは、例えば、細胞の特異性を腫瘍関連抗原へ導く。いくつかの実施形態では、CARは、細胞内活性化領域、膜貫通ドメイン、及び腫瘍関連抗原結合領域を含む細胞外ドメインを含む。特定の態様では、CARは、CD3−ゼータ膜貫通ドメインに融合させた、モノクローナル抗体由来の単鎖可変断片(scFv)と、エンドドメインとの融合体を含む。他のCAR設計の特異性は、受容体のリガンド(例えば、ペプチド類)由来またはデクチンのようなパターン認識受容体由来であってよい。いくつかの実施形態では、B細胞系分子CD19に対して特異的なCARを使用してT細胞の特異性を誘導することにより悪性B細胞を標的にすることができる。ある実施形態では、抗原認識ドメインの間隔(spacing)を変更して活性化誘導型細胞死を抑制することができる。ある実施形態では、CARは、CD3−ゼータ、FcR、CD27、CD28、CD137、DAP10、及び/またはOX40のようなさらなる共刺激シグナル伝達用ドメインを含むことができる。いくつかの実施形態では、共刺激分子、画像診断(例えば、ポジトロン断層撮影)用レポーター遺伝子、プロドラッグ、ホーミング受容体、ケモカイン、ケモカイン受容体、サイトカイン、及びサイトカイン受容体などが加えられた時に条件付きでT細胞を排除する分子をCARと共に共発現させることができる。
抗原は、一般に、液性免疫応答及び/または細胞性免疫応答を誘導してBリンパ球及び/またはTリンパ球の産生をもたらすために使われる。
本明細書に記載する実施形態では、抗原特異的キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)ポリペプチドをコードする核酸の作製及び同定を行う。いくつかの実施形態では、免疫原性を低下させるためにCARをヒト化する(hCAR)。
特定の態様では、本明細書に記載する実施形態には、hCARをコードするDNA構成体を含有する発現ベクターをT細胞にトランスフェクトし、その後、任意選択で、抗原陽性細胞、組換え型抗原、または受容体に対する抗体で細胞を刺激して細胞を増幅させることを含む、抗原特異的誘導型T細胞の作製及び/または増幅方法が含まれる。
いくつかの場合には、APCは、CARを用いる治療組成物及び細胞療法製品の調製に有用である。実施形態にしたがって使用するためのAPCには、樹状細胞、マクロファージ及び人工抗原提示細胞が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。抗原提示系の調製及び使用に関する一般指針については、例えば、米国特許第6,225,042号、6,355,479号、6,362,001号及び6,790,662号;米国特許出願公開第2009/0017000号及び2009/0004142号、かつ国際公開公報番号WO2007/103009を参照されたい)。
本明細書に記載の組成物はいずれもキットに含まれて良い。いくつかの実施形態では、同種CAR T細胞はキットで提供され、このキットには、細胞を増幅させるために好適な試薬、培地、抗原提示細胞(例えば、aAPC)、成長因子、抗体(例えば、CAR T細胞の選別または特徴付けのため)及び/またはCAR若しくはトランスポザーゼをコードするプラスミドも含まれ得る。
以下の具体的及び非限定的な実施例は、単なる例示として解釈されるべきであり、本願開示を何ら制限するものではない。さらなる詳述がなくても、当業者は、本明細書の記載に基づいて本願開示を最大限に利用できると考えられる。本明細書で引用したすべての刊行物は参照することにより本明細書にその全体が組み込まれる。URLまたはそのような他の識別子若しくはアドレスに言及する場合、そのような識別子は変更されることがあり、またインターネット上の特定の情報は入れ替わることがあるが、インターネットで検索すれば同等情報を見出すことができることが理解される。それら言及することは、そのような情報が入手可能であり、公に普及していることを証明する。
プラスミド
NimoCD28mZ(CoOp)/pSBSOをNheIで37℃にて、またSfiIで50℃にて順次消化させ、pGEM/GFP/A64をXbaIで37℃にて、またSfiIで50℃にて順次消化させた。NimoCD28mZ(CoOp)をpGEM/GFP/A64プラスミドにクローニングし、64ヌクレオチド長の人工ポリAテールを有するRNAのインビトロ転写のためにNimo−CARをT7プロモーターの制御下に置いた。消化されたNimo−CARインサート及びpGEM/A64骨格を、0.8%アガロースゲル中を150ボルトで45分間移動させる電気泳動により分離し、臭化エチジウム染色及びUV光曝露により視覚化した。断片をゲルから切断して、Qiaquick Gel Extractions(Qiagen)で精製し、T4 DNAリガーゼ(Promega)を用いてインサートとベクターのモル比3:1にてライゲーションを行い、16℃で一晩インキュベートした。化学的にコンピテントな細菌Dam−/−C2925(Invitrogen)を熱ショックにより形質転換し、pGEM/A64骨格を含有するクローンを選択するためにアンピシリン含有寒天上で37℃にて一晩培養した。小規模DNA増幅用に8個のクローンを選択した、選抜用抗生物質アンピシリンを含むTB培地に植菌し、振盪器で37℃にて8時間培養した。MiniPrepキット(Qiagen)を使用してDNAの精製を実施し、分析用に制限酵素で消化させてから電気泳動を行い、ライゲーション産物NimoCD28mZ/pGEM−A64(図33D)が正確に発現されているクローンを決定した。陽性クローンを選択し、アンピシリン含有TBに1:1000で植菌した。37℃で18時間培養した後、EndoFree Plasmid Purificationキット(Qiagen)を使用してDNAを精製した。分光測光法により、OD260/280比が1.8〜2.0の高品質DNAが確認された。
DNAの組込みにより達成された安定なCAR発現を介した抗原依存性の刺激を使用して、CAR+T細胞数を臨床上実現可能な数まで増幅させることができる。RNA移入を介したCAR発現の一過性という性質には、CARのRNA移入を行う前にT細胞数を増幅させて臨床上実現可能な数を達成する必要がある。aAPCが抗原とは無関係にT細胞数を増幅させる能力を測定するため、高親和性Fc受容体CD64を安定して発現させることにより抗CD3(OKT3)をK562に搭載した(図1A)。K562は、さらなるT細胞共刺激のためのCD86、41BB−L、及び膜結合型IL−15も発現した。T細胞増幅を刺激するための共培養におけるaAPC密度の影響を測定するため、健常ヒトドナー由来の末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)と、γ照射したaAPCとをIL−2の存在下で共培養し、その際、T細胞:aAPC=10:1(10:1)の低密度、またはT細胞:aAPC=1:2(1:2)の高密度で行った。9日後、T細胞を再度aAPCで刺激した。aAPC添加2サイクルの後、T細胞は、aAPCで10:1及び1:2で刺激した場合に細胞数が増幅されたが、aAPC高密度(1:2)のT細胞では、統計的に優れた細胞数増幅が達成された(10:1=1083±420倍増幅(fold expansion)、1:2=1891±376倍増幅(fold expansion)、平均±S.D.、n=6)(p<0.0001)(図1B)。
低密度または高密度のaAPCで増幅させることがT細胞表現型に影響するかどうかを決定するため、mRNA転写産物パネル(Lymphocyte特異的CodeSet)の発現を、nCounter解析(Nanostring Technologies、ワシントン州シアトル)を使用して多重デジタルプロファイリングで解析した。有意に差次的な遺伝子発現を、低密度(10:1T細胞:aAPC)または高密度(1:2T細胞:aAPC)aAPCで増幅させた、選別されたCD4+またはCD8+T細胞で、p<0.01及び1.5倍を超える倍率変化により決定した。高密度aAPCと共に増幅させたCD4+及びCD8+T細胞は、T細胞活性化に関連した遺伝子発現、例えば、CD4+T細胞のCD38及びグランザイムA並びにCD8+T細胞のCD38及びNCAM−1の発現増加を示した(図3)。対照的に、低密度aAPCと共に増幅させたCD4+T細胞及びCD8+T細胞は、Wntシグナル伝達経路転写因子Lef1及びTcf7、CCR7、CD28、並びにIL7Rαなどの、セントラルメモリーまたはナイーブT細胞に関連した遺伝子発現増加を示した(Gattinoni et al.,2009;Gattinoni et al.,2012)。
低密度aAPC及び高密度aAPCでの増幅前後に、多重デジタルプロファイリングnCounter解析(Nanostring Technologies、ワシントン州シアトル)を使用して、TCRα及びTCRβの多様性のプロファイリングを行い、各TCRα鎖及びTCRβ鎖の相対存在量を総T細胞集団のパーセンテージとして計算した。CD4+T細胞及びCD8+T細胞は、低密度aAPC及び高密度aAPCでエキソビボ増幅させた後、TCRα及びTCRβの多様な対立遺伝子を発現したが、このことは、増幅で得られた集団が、オリゴクローン性のTCRα及びTCRβレパトアを維持したことを示す(図5及び図6)。エキソビボの増幅がT細胞のクローン組成に変化をもたらすのかどうかを決定するため、低密度及び高密度のaAPCでの増幅前後のT細胞のTCRβ鎖におけるCDR3領域のハイスループット配列決定をImmunoSEQプラットフォーム(Adaptive TCR Technologies、ワシントン州シアトル)を使用して実施した。増幅前後の個々のCDR3配列の相対的カウントをプロットし、線形回帰と合わせた。増幅前後のCDR3配列の数が同一であれば、線形回帰の傾きは1.0になると予測される。低密度aAPCと共に増幅させたT細胞では、線形回帰の傾きは0.75±0.001であり、高密度aAPCと共に増幅させたT細胞では線形回帰の傾きは0.29±0.003であった(図7)。このことは、低密度aAPCと共に増幅させたT細胞集団は、高密度aAPCと共に増幅させたT細胞よりも、投入T細胞集団からのCDR3配列を多く維持することを指す。要約すると、T細胞をエキソビボで増幅させると、低密度aAPC及び高密度aAPCで増幅させた場合にオリゴクローン性のT細胞集団となるが、低密度aAPCと共に増幅させたT細胞は、増幅後のクローン性喪失が少ない場合がある。
低密度aAPC及び高密度aAPCで刺激されたT細胞が電気泳動転写によってRNAを受け入れる能力を決定するため、緑色蛍光タンパク質(GFP)をコードするインビトロ転写されたRNAを、多様な電気穿孔プログラムを使用するAmaxa Nucleofector4Dトランスフェクション装置(Lonza、ドイツ、ケルン)を使用して電気泳動転写させ、そこには、aAPC刺激から4日後の刺激T細胞用に製造者が推奨するプログラムであるEO−115プログラムが含まれていた。GFPの平均蛍光強度(MFI)とPI染色により測定したT細胞の生存率とをプロットしたところ、RNA移入後のGFP発現とT細胞生存率は逆相関することがわかった。低密度aAPCで刺激したT細胞と比較すると、高密度aAPCで刺激したT細胞は、どの被験電気穿孔プログラムに対しても応答して、RNA移入によるGFP低発現及び低生存率の両方を示した(図8A)。その結果、以降のすべての実験では低密度aAPCで刺激したT細胞(T細胞:aAPC=10:1)を使用した。注入用に臨床上関連するT細胞数を達成するためにはRNA移入前にT細胞数を増幅させることが望ましいので、9日おきにaAPCを繰り返し付加して複数回の刺激を受けたT細胞が電気泳動転写によるRNA転写産物を受け入れる能力を評価した。各回の刺激を重ねるごとに、RNA電気泳動転写後のGFP発現は低下していった(図8B、左パネル)。しかし、2回の刺激後、T細胞は、1回の刺激を受けたT細胞または3回の刺激を受けたT細胞と比べて、電気泳動転写後の生存率改善を示した(図8B、右パネル)。したがって、RNA転写産物の移入をさらに最適化するために、T細胞:aAPC=10:1での刺激を2回行う刺激プロトコルを選択した。RNAはDNAよりも細胞に対する毒性が少なく、多くの細胞型に容易に移入されるので(165)、製造者推奨のT細胞刺激用電気穿孔プログラムEO−115の強度を下げることにより、T細胞生存率を低下させることなくRNA移入の有効性を改善できるであろうと考えた。GFPを発現している細胞の割合と、PI染色で測定した生存率とをプロットすることにより、電気穿孔後24時間のGFP発現が約100%であり、かつT細胞生存率が電気穿孔されないT細胞と同様であったプログラムは、プログラムDQ−115であることを特定した(図8C)。RNA電気泳動転写によってT細胞表現型が変わるかどうかを決定するため、最適化したプロトコルで電気穿孔した後、T細胞表現型を評価した。電気穿孔にRNA転写産物を用いても用いなくても、その後のT細胞表現型において変化は検出されなかった(図8D)。以上のことから、T細胞生存率を低下させることなくRNA転写産物を高発現させたaAPCとの共培養を介して細胞数を増幅させたT細胞にRNAを移入するためのプラットフォームを作製した。
RNA修飾及びDNA修飾により製造した各CAR+T細胞のCAR発現及び機能を比較するため、EGFR特異的CARを、臨床上利用可能な抗EGFRモノクローナル抗体セツキシマブのscFvから作製した。セツキシマブのscFvを、IgG4ヒンジ領域、CD28の膜貫通ドメイン及び細胞質ドメイン、並びにCD3−ζの細胞質ドメインと融合させて第2世代CARを形成し、これをCetux−CARとし、DNAに永久的に組込むためにSleeping Beautyトランスポゾンに発現させ、同様に、RNA転写産物のインビトロ転写用にpGEM/A64ベクター内のT7プロモーター下に発現させた。T細胞のRNA修飾は、インビトロ転写されたCetux−CARを、OKT3搭載K562 aAPCで2回刺激したT細胞に、第2の刺激から4日後に電気泳動転写を行うことにより達成した(図9A)。電気泳動転写の24時間後、CAR発現を評価した。DNAを安定的に組込むため、SBトランスポゾンに発現したCetux−CARを、SB11トランスポザーゼを有するヒト初代T細胞に電気穿孔した。SB11トランスポザーゼは、トランスポゾンからCARを切り出し逆TAリピートで宿主T細胞ゲノム内に挿入するカット・アンド・ペースト型酵素である。γ照射したEGFR+K562 aAPCで繰り返し刺激したところ、CARを発現しているT細胞が時間と共に選択的に増幅され、7日おきにaAPC付加を繰り返すサイクルを5サイクル行ってから28日後、T細胞をCAR発現について評価した(図9B)。CARのIgG4ヒンジ領域についてのフローサイトメトリーで測定した、RNA修飾及びDNA修飾による各Cetux−CARのCD4+及びCD8+での発現は、有意差はなかった(p>0.05)が、RNA修飾の方が発現強度のばらつきが大きかった(図10A)。Cetux−CAR発現T細胞のうち、CD4+T細胞及びCD8+T細胞の割合はRNA修飾T細胞とDNA修飾T細胞との間で統計的差はなかったが、DNA修飾T細胞中に存在するCD4+T細胞及びCD8+T細胞の割合の方が、RNA修飾CAR+T細胞中のそれよりもばらつきが大きかった(図10B)。
RNA修飾またはDNA修飾したCAR+T細胞のサイトカイン産生について、マウスT細胞性リンパ腫細胞株EL4を修飾して切断型EGFRを発現するようにしたtEGFR+EL4、またはマウスT細胞性リンパ腫細胞株EL4を修飾して関連性のない抗原CD19を発現するようにしたもの、並びに、ヒト膠芽腫細胞株のU87、T98G、LN18及びヒト類表皮癌細胞株A431などのEGFR+細胞株に応答させて評価した。RNA移入により修飾したCD8+CAR+T細胞では、各EGFR発現細胞株に応答してIFN−γを産生した細胞は少なかった(図11A、左パネル)。抗原とは無関係のPMA/イオノマイシンによる刺激に応答してIFN−γを産生したRNA修飾T細胞が少ないことから、IFN−γ低産生は、抗原に対するCARの感受性が低いためではなく、むしろRNA修飾によりCARを発現しているT細胞のサイトカイン産生能が低いためであると考えられる。DNA修飾CAR+T細胞は、T細胞を刺激しなかった場合にバックグランドのIFN−γ産生も高かったことに注目した。同様に、RNA修飾CD8+CAR+T細胞では、DNA修飾CD8+CAR+T細胞よりも、T98G、LN18、A431からのEGFR特異的な刺激及びPMA/イオノマイシンからの抗原とは無関係な刺激に応答してTNF−αを産生した細胞は少なかった(図11A、右パネル)。
RNA移入によるCAR発現の安定性を測定するため、CARを発現するようRNA移入によりT細胞を修飾し、フローサイトメトリーでCAR発現を経時的に測定した。RNA移入後、T細胞上のCetux−CARの発現は経時的に減少し、電気泳動転写の96時間後、CARは低レベルで発現していた(図12A)。RNA転写産物は、T細胞増殖中に娘細胞の間で分割されるので、T細胞増殖の刺激によりRNA修飾により発現したCARの消失が促進されるはずである。サイトカイン刺激がCARの発現レベルに与える影響を測定するため、RNAの移入から24時間後、外因性のIL−2及びIL−21をRNA修飾CAR+T細胞培養に加え、CAR発現をフローサイトメトリーで監視した。IL−1及びIL−21でのCAR+T細胞の刺激により、CAR発現の消失が促進された(図12B)。72時間後、RNA修飾T細胞上のCAR発現は低く、移入から96時間後には、T細胞はもはやCARを検出可能レベルで発現していなかった。RNA移入から24時間後にtEGFR+EL4でRNA修飾CAR+T細胞を刺激したところ、CAR発現の消失がより一層促進された(図12C)。tEGFR+EL4を加える前は、RNA修飾CAR+T細胞においてCARが高レベルで検出されたが、tEGFR+EL4付加から24時間後(RNA移入から48時間後)、CAR発現は低かった。まとめると、これらのデータは、RNAの移入によるCAR発現は一過性であり、RNAの移入から120時間後までは低レベルで検出可能であるが、サイトカインまたは抗原認識を介してT細胞が刺激されるとCAR発現の消失が促進されることを指している。
RNA移入によりCetux−CARを発現するよう修飾したT細胞の活性を、RNAの移入から24時間後及び120時間後に測定し、EGFR発現細胞に応答したT細胞の活性に及ぼすCAR発現消失の影響を決定した。RNA修飾T細胞は、RNA移入から24時間後及び120時間後の評価では、PMA/イオノマイシン刺激によるIFN−γ産生は同等であることを示したが、RNAの移入から24時間後にT細胞がtEGFR+EL4に応答して産生したIFN−γは、RNAの移入から120時間後には抑止されていた(24時間=14.2±2.5%、120時間=1.1±0.03%、平均±S.D.、n=3)(p=0.012)(図13A)。対照的に、DNA修飾CAR+T細胞では、tEGFR+EL4に応答したIFN−γの産生はいずれの測定時点においても同等であった(24時間=40.3±9.6%、120時間=48.6±10.0%、平均±S.D.、n=3)(p=0.490)。同様に、EGFRを発現する、類表皮癌細胞株A431及びヒト正常腎臓上皮細胞(HRCE)に対する特異的細胞傷害性を測定した。RNA修飾CAR+T細胞及びDNA修飾CAR+T細胞は、同等のA431特異的溶解性、及びHRCEに対する同様の細胞傷害性を示し、高いエフェクター:ターゲット比では統計的に同等であった(20:1及び10:1、p>0.05)(図13B)。他の細胞株での所見と同様に、DNA修飾CAR+T細胞は、RNA修飾CAR+T細胞よりもわずかに高いHRCE特異的溶解性を低いエフェクター:ターゲット比において仲介した(5:1、p<0.05;2.5:1、p<0.01、1.25:1、p<0.05)。しかし、RNAの移入から120時間後、RNA修飾T細胞のCAR発現は抑止され、DNA修飾T細胞はどの被験エフェクター:ターゲット比においてもA431及びHRCEに応答して有意に高い特異的溶解性を仲介した(A431、全エフェクター:ターゲット比、p<0.0001;HRCE、全エフェクター:ターゲット比、p<0.0001)。DNA修飾T細胞は、各測定時点でのHRCE特異的溶解性に変化を示さなかったが(エフェクター:ターゲット比=10:1、24時間=45.5±8.0%、120時間=51.6±7.8%、p>0.05、n=3)、RNA修飾T細胞は、RNA移入から120時間後までにはHRCE特異的溶解性を有意に低下させた(エフェクター:ターゲット比=10:1、24時間=39.5±5.9%、120時間=19.8±10.2%、平均±S.D.、n=3)(図13C)。これらのデータは、EGFRを発現している標的に応答した、DNA修飾ではなくRNA修飾をしたT細胞の活性は、CAR発現の消失により低下することを示している。
Nimo−CARという名称のNimotuzumab(ニモツズマブ)由来の第2世代CARをSleeping Beautyトランスポゾンに作製し、その際、Nimotuzumab(ニモツズマブ)のscFvと、IgG4ヒンジ領域、CD28膜貫通ドメイン並びにCD28及びCD3ζの細胞内ドメインとを融合させ、Cetux−CARと同一構成で作製した。Cetux−CAR及びNimo−CARを、SB11トランスポザーゼを有する各トランスポゾンを末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)内に電気穿孔することにより、初代ヒトT細胞に発現させた。Cetux−CARまたはNimo−CARを安定的に組み込んだT細胞は、γ照射tEGFR+K562人工抗原提示細胞(aAPC)を用いた週1回の繰り返し刺激により選択的に増殖した(図14A)。いずれのCARも、aAPCを用いた28日間の共培養で約1000倍のCAR+T細胞増幅を仲介し、T細胞のほぼすべてがCARを発現した(Cetux−CAR=90.8±6.2%、Nimo−CAR=90.6±6.1%;平均±SD、n=7)(図14B及び14C)。Cetux−CAR及びNimo−CAR+のT細胞が発現しているCARの割合は28日間の細胞数増幅後において統計的に同様であった(p=0.92、両側スチューデントt検定)。蛍光強度中央値で表されるCAR発現の密度をフローサイトメトリーで測定したところ、Cetux−CAR+及びNimo−CAR+の各T細胞集団間で統計的に同様であった(Cetux−CAR=118.5±25.0A.U.、Nimo−CAR=112.6±21.2A.U.;平均±SD、n=7)(p=0.74)(図14D)。
Cetux−CAR及びNimo−CARがEGFRでの刺激に応答して機能することを確認するため、CAR+T細胞をA431類表皮癌細胞株とインキュベートした。A431類表皮癌細胞株は、EGFRを約1x106EGFR分子/細胞という高いレベルで発現することが報告されている(Garrido et al.,2011)。Cetux−及びNimo−CAR+T細胞は、A431との共培養中にIFN−γを産生したが、EGFRに対する結合を遮断する抗EGFRモノクローナル抗体の存在下では産生が低下した(図16A)。Cetux−CAR及びNimo−CARが同等にT細胞を活性化できることを確認するため、scFvドメインとは無関係に両方のCARによって認識され得る標的を作製した。標的作製は、CARのIgG4領域に対して特異的な活性化抗体(CAR−L)のscFv領域をマウス不死化T細胞株EL4上に発現させることによって達成した(Rushworth et al.,2014)。CAR−L+EL4によるT細胞の活性化と、tEGFRを発現しているEL4細胞株によるT細胞の活性化とを比較した。定量フローサイトメトリーを実施してEL4上のtEGFR発現密度を測定した。この方法では、蛍光抗体で標識した既知の抗体結合能を有する微粒子からの蛍光の強度をフローサイトメトリーにより測定し、既知の抗体結合能と平均蛍光強度(MFI)との間の直線関係を定義する標準曲線を導くために使用する。標準曲線はその後、同一の蛍光抗体で標識した未知試料の平均蛍光強度から平均抗原発現密度を導くために使用できる。tEGFR+EL4は、tEGFRを約45,000分子/細胞という比較的低密度で発現した(図16B)。Cetux−CAR+及びNimo−CAR+ CD8+T細胞は、CAR−L+EL4に応答して統計的に同量のIFN−γを示し、このことはCAR依存性活性化能が同等であることを示している(p>0.05)(図16C)。Cetux−CAR+T細胞はEGFR+に応答してIFN−γを産生したが、Nimo−CAR+T細胞より顕著なIFN−γ産生はなかったことから(図16C)、低抗原密度に応答したT細胞活性化に対する、CARのscFvの親和性による影響の場合と一致している。サイトカイン産生の測定に加え、CD8+T細胞を、T細胞活性化の下流の分子、Erk1/2及びp38のリン酸化について分析した。CAR−L+EL4に応答したリン酸化はErk1/2(p>0.05)またはp38(p>0.05)で、Cetux−CAR+T細胞及びNimo−CAR+T細胞間に統計的差はかなった(図16D)。Cetux−CAR+T細胞は、tEGFR+EL4に応答してErk1/2及びp38のリン酸化を示したが、Nimo−CAR+T細胞ではどちらの分子にも認め得るほどのリン酸化は起こらなかった。同様に、Cetux−CAR及びNimo−CARはいずれもCAR−L+EL4に対して同等の特異的溶解性を示した(エフェクター:ターゲット比=10:1、Cetux−CAR=64.5±6.7%、Nimo−CAR=57.5±12.9%、平均±SD、n=4)(p>0.05)。Cetux−CAR+T細胞は、非特異的標的CD19+EL4の場合に比べて、tEGFR+EL4に応答した特異的溶解性を有意に示したが(tEGFR+EL4=57.5±9.4%、tCD19+EL4=17.3±13.0、平均±SD、n=4)(p<0.0001)、Nimo−CAR+T細胞によるtEGFR+EL4の有意な溶解はなかった(tEGFR+EL4=21.2±16.9%、CD19+EL4=12.3±13.0、平均±SD、n=4)(p>0.05)(図16E)。内在性の低親和性T細胞の応答には、エフェクター機能を達成するために抗原との長い相互作用を必要とする場合があるため(Rosette et al.,2001)、CAR+T細胞がtEGFR+細胞及びCAR−L+EL4細胞の増殖を制御する能力を、T細胞とEL4とを1:1の比で混合してEL4細胞に対するT細胞の割合を長期共培養にわたって評価することにより評価した。Cetux−CAR+T細胞及びNimo−CAR+T細胞は、5日後の共培養中のCAR−L+EL4細胞の割合は低かったことで実証されるように、CAR−L+EL4の増殖を同等に制御した(p>0.05)(図16F)。Cetux−CAR+T細胞はtEGFR+EL4の増殖を制御し、5日後の共培養中のtEGFR+EL4は10%未満であった。Nimo−CAR+T細胞のtEGFR+EL4細胞増殖制御能は弱く、5日後の共培養中のtEGFR+EL4は80%を占め、Cetux−CAR+T細胞で共培養した場合より有意に高かった(p<0.01)。したがって、tEGFR+EL4上の低密度tEGFRに対するNimo−CAR+T細胞の低応答は、活性化のための時間が不十分だったためではないと考えられる。要約すると、これらのデータは、Cetux−CAR+T細胞及びNimo−CAR+T細胞は、EGFRに対する機能的特異性を有し、CAR依存的、scFv非依存的刺激によって同等に活性化され得ることを実証している。Cetux−CAR+T細胞は、tEGFR+EL4上の低密度tEGFRに応答して特異的に活性化することができたが、このEGFR発現密度は、Nimo−CAR+T細胞を活性化させて、サイトカイン産生、下流分子Erk1/2及びp38リン酸化、または特異的溶解の開始をもたらすには十分ではなかった。
Cetux−CAR+及びNimo−CAR+T細胞の活性化にEGFR発現密度が及ぼす影響を調べるため、ある範囲のEGFR発現密度の細胞株、すなわち、NALM−6、U87、LN18、T98G、及びA431に対するT細胞機能を比較した。最初に、定量フローサイトメトリーによりEGFR発現密度を評価した(図17A)。B細胞白血病細胞株であるNALM−6はEGFRを発現しなかった。ヒト膠芽腫細胞株であるU87は、EGFRを低密度で(約30,000分子/細胞)発現した。ヒト膠芽腫細胞株であるLN18及びT98Gは、EGFRを中程度の密度(それぞれ、約160,000及び約205,000分子/細胞)で発現し、A431ではEGFRの高密度(約780,000分子/細胞)発現が見られ、これまでの報告と同様であった(Garrido et al.,2011)。Cetux−CAR+及びNimo−CAR+ CD8+T細胞は、EGFR高密度のA431(p>0.05)及びEGFR中密度のLN18(p>.05)に応答して、統計的に同様のIFN−γ産生を示した。しかし、Nimo−CAR+T細胞は、Cetux−CAR+T細胞よりも、EGFR中密度のT98G(p<0.001)及びEGFR低密度のU87(p<0.001)に応答してIFN−γ低産生を示した(図17B)。同様に、Cetux−CAR+T細胞及びNimo−CAR+T細胞は、統計的に同等な溶解性をA431細胞(エフェクター:ターゲット比=5:1、p>0.05)及びT98G細胞(エフェクター:ターゲット比=5:1、p>0.05)について示したが、Nimo−CAR+T細胞は、いくらか低いLN18細胞特異的溶解能(エフェクター:ターゲット比=5:1、p<0.05)及び低いU87細胞特異的溶解能(エフェクター:ターゲット比=5:1、p<0.01)を示した(図17C)。これらのデータは、Nimo−CAR+T細胞の活性化はEGFR発現密度の影響を受けることを支持している。しかし、細胞株が異なると、T細胞活性化の傾向及びT細胞を介した溶解性に対する感受性が異なり得ることから、細胞バックグランドが異なる状況においてEGFR密度に対して機能評価を行うことは理想的ではない。
EGFR発現密度が同系細胞のバックグランドに及ぼす影響を決定するため、密度の異なるEGFRを発現している一連のU87細胞株を作製し、非修飾親U87(EGFR分子約30,000個/細胞)、U87low(EGFR分子130,000個/細胞)、U87med(EGFR分子340,000個/細胞)、及びU87high(EGFR分子630,000個/細胞)とした(図18A)。scFv依存的CAR刺激を行った後のErk1/2及びp38のリン酸化を比較するため、U87及びU87highの刺激後に、Nimo−CAR+T細胞及びCetux−CAR+T細胞間でリン酸化動態に相違がないことを確認した。どちらのCD8+CAR+T細胞も、相互作用45分後にErk1/2及びp38のリン酸化ピークを示し、相互作用120分後までにリン酸化が低下し始めた(図18B)。Cetux−CAR+T細胞及びNimo−CAR+T細胞間でリン酸化動態に目立った違いはかなったので、以降の実験では、以降のどの実験の場合も相互作用から45分後のErk1/2及びp38のリン酸化を評価した。Cetux−CAR+ CD8+T細胞は、U87の4細胞株すべてに対する応答においてErk1/2及びp38をリン酸化し、EGFR発現密度との相関を示さなかった(線形傾向について事後検定を行う片側ANOVA;Erk1/2、p=0.88;p38、p=0.09)(図18C)。対照的に、Nimo−CAR+ CD8+T細胞によるErk1/2及びp38のリン酸化は、EGFR発現密度と直接相関した(線形傾向について事後検定を行う片側ANOVA、Erk1/2、p=0.0030及びp38 p=0.0044)。Nimo−CAR+T細胞は、U87high上のEGFR高密度に応答した場合でもCetux−CAR+T細胞よりも有意に少ないErk1/2及びp38のリン酸化pfを示した(Erk1/2、p<0.0001;p38、p<0.01)。同様に、Cetux−CAR+ CD8+T細胞は、U87、U87low、U87med及びU87highに応答してIFN−γ及びTNF−αを産生し、産生とEGFR発現密度とは相関していなかった(線形傾向について事後検定を行う片側ANOVA;IFN−γ、p=0.5703及びTNF−α、p=0.6189)(図18D)。対照的に、Nimo−CAR+ CD8+T細胞は、EGFR発現密度と直接相関してIFN−γ及びTNF−αを産生した(線形傾向について事後検定を行う片側ANOVA;IFN−γ、p=0.0124及びTNF−α、p=0.0006)。Cetux−CAR+ CD8+T細胞は、Nimo−CAR+ CD8+T細胞よりも有意に多いサイトカインを、U87(IFN−γ、p<0.0001;TNFα、p<0.01)またはU87low(IFN−γ、p<0.001;TNFα、p<0.01)での刺激に応答して産生したが、Cetux−CAR+T細胞及びNimo−CAR+T細胞は、統計的に同様のサイトカイン産生を、U87med(IFN−γ、p>0.05;TNFα、p>0.05)またはU87high(IFN−γ、p>0.05;TNFα、p>0.05)での刺激に応答して示した。同様に、Cetux−CAR+T細胞は、Nimo−CAR+T細胞よりも有意に高い溶解性をU87(エフェクター:ターゲット比=10:1、p<0.0001)及びU87low(エフェクター:ターゲット比=10:1、p<0.05)について示したが、統計的に同様の特異的溶解性をU87med(エフェクター:ターゲット比=10:1、p>0.05)及びU87high(エフェクター:ターゲット比=10:1、p>0.05)について示した(図18E)。要約すると、これらのデータは、Nimo−CAR+T細胞の活性化が標的上のEGFR発現密度と直接相関していることを示す。結果として、Cetux−CAR+T細胞及びNimo−CAR+T細胞は、EGFR高密度に対する応答では同等なT細胞活性化を示すが、Nimo−CAR+T細胞は、EGFR低密度に対する応答で有意に低い活性化を示す。
Nimo−CAR+T細胞が、正常細胞の低い基礎EGFRレベルに対する応答において低活性であるかどうかを決定するため、正常なヒト腎皮質上皮細胞(HRCE)に対する応答においてNimo−CAR+T細胞の活性を評価した。HRCEは、細胞あたり約15,000個のEGFR分子を発現し、U87などの腫瘍細胞株での発現よりも低い(図21A)。Cetux−CAR+T細胞は、HRCEに応答してIFN−γ及びTNF−αを産生したが、Nimo−CAR+T細胞は、HRCEに対する応答において有意に少ないIFN−γまたはTNF−αを産生した(IFN−γ、p<0.05;TNF−α、p<0.01)(図21B)。実際、Nimo−CAR+T細胞は、未刺激のバックグランドの産生を超える有意なIFN−γまたはTNF−αの産生を示さなかった(IFN−γ、p>0.05;TNF−α、p>0.05)。Nimo−CAR+T細胞は、Cetux−CAR+T細胞がHRCEに応答して示した特異的溶解の50%未満を示し(Cetux−CAR=81.1±4.5%、Nimo−CAR=30.4±16.7%、平均±SD、n=3)、有意に低かった(エフェクター:ターゲット比=10:1、p<0.001)(図21C)。これらの知見は、Nimo−CAR+T細胞は、EGFR密度が非常に低い細胞に対する応答ではT細胞機能が低いことを示す。
結合親和性及び抗原密度の影響を受ける、内在性TCRシグナルの強度は、抗原性刺激に応答してT細胞の増幅に影響を与え得る(Gottschalk et al.,2012;Gottschalk et al.,2010)。抗原で刺激した後のCetux−CAR+T細胞及びNimo−CAR+T細胞の増殖反応を評価するため、外因性サイトカイン非存在下でU87またはU87highと共培養してから2日後の、Ki−67の細胞内発現をフローサイトメトリーで測定した。U87上のEGFR低密度に応答して、Cetux−CAR+T細胞及びNimo−CAR+T細胞は、統計的に同様の増殖を示した(p>0.05)(図22A)。U87highに応答して、Nimo−CAR+T細胞は、Cetux−CAR+よりも、増殖増加を示し(p<0.01)、Cetux−CAR+は、U87及びU87highに応答した統計的差を何ら示さなかった(p>0.05)。
内在性TCRは、抗原との相互作用に続いて下方制御され得、その下方制御の程度はTCR結合の強さに影響される(Cai et al.,1997)。同様に、CARは、抗原との相互作用に続いて下方制御され得るが、親和性がCAR下方制御に与える影響は不明である(James et al.,2008;James et al.,2010)。したがって、Cetux−CAR+T細胞が抗原誘導性下方制御の傾向が高いかどうかを決定する試みがなされた。これを達成するため、Cetux−CAR+T細胞及びNimo−CAR+T細胞をU87またはU87highと共培養し、未刺激対照群に対するCAR発現を監視した。U87上のEGFR低密度に対する応答では、相互作用の12時間後のCetux−CAR発現は、Nimo−CARの場合よりも有意に低かった(Cetux−CAR=68.0±27.8%、Nimo−CAR=126.5±34.9%、平均±SD、n=3)(p<0.05)(図23A、左パネル)。低密度EGFRとの相互作用から48時間までには、Cetux−CARはT細胞表面に戻り、Cetux−CAR及びNimo−CARは、統計的に同様の割合のT細胞において発現していた(Cetux−CAR=95.5±40.7、Nimo−CAR=94.4±11.8%、平均±SD、n=3)(p>0.05)。U87high上のEGFR高密度に対する応答では、Cetux−CARの発現は、Nimo−CARよりも有意に低下しており、Nimo−CARは、相互作用の12時間後、目立った下方制御をまったく示さなかった(Cetux−CAR=37.4±11.5%、Nimo−CAR=124.4±15.3%、平均±SD、n=3)(p<0.01)(12時間、p<0.01;24時間、p<0.01;48時間、p<0.05)(図23A、右パネル)。しかし、EGFR低密度での刺激とは対照的に、相互作用の48時間後、Cetux−CARは表面発現を回復せず、Nimo−CAR発現より統計的に低いままであった(Cetux−CAR=42.6±5.9%、Nimo−CAR=95.7±11.6%、平均±SD、n=3)(p<0.05)。Cetux−CARがT細胞表面からは少なくなった場合でも、Cetux−CAR及びNimo−CARはいずれも刺激後の細胞内で検出され、このことは、CAR発現の低下はCARのインターナリゼーションによるものであり、遺伝子非組換えT細胞が増殖したためではないことを意味している、(図23B)。CAR−L+EL4によるCAR依存性、scFv非依存的刺激に対する応答では、Cetux−CAR及びNimo−CARは、約20%という弱い統計的に同様な下方制御を示した(図23C)。先の結果と同様、Cetux−CARはtEGFR+EL4に応答してわずかな下方制御を示したが、Nimo−CARは、目立った下方制御を何ら示さなかった。要約すると、これらのデータから、Cetux−CARはNimo−CARよりも急速かつ持続的な下方制御を示し、Nimo−CARはCARのscFvドメインと抗原との相互作用及び抗原密度に依存することがわかる。
内在性CD8+T細胞応答における先行刺激の強度は、抗原で再惹起した際のT細胞応答と相関し得る(Lim et al.,2002)。したがって、Cetux−CAR+T細胞及びNimo−CAR+T細胞が抗原再惹起に応答する能力を評価した。CAR+T細胞を、U87またはU87highと24時間共培養した後、IFN−γの産生を評価するため回収してU87またはU87highで再惹起した。U87及びU87highでの初回惹起後、Cetux−CAR+T細胞は、U87及びU87highいずれの再惹起に対する応答においてもIFN−γ産生は低かった(図24)。しかし、U87またはU87highでの初回惹起後、Nimo−CAR+T細胞は、U87及びU87highとの再惹起に応答してIFN−γ産生を保持した。結果として、Nimo−CAR+T細胞は、U87に応答して統計的に同様のIFN−γ産生を示し(p>0.05)、U87highでの再惹起に応答して統計的に多いIFN−γを示した(U87での初回惹起、p<0.001;U87highでの初回惹起p<0.01)。これは、初回惹起に応答したIFN−γ産生とは対照的である。初回惹起では、Nimo−CAR+T細胞は、U87に応答して少ないIFN−γを産生し(p<0.05)、U87highに応答して統計的に同様のIFN−γ産生を示す(p>0.05)。したがって、Nimo−CAR+T細胞は抗原を認識して応答する能力を保持するが、Cetux−CAR+T細胞は、その後の抗原との遭遇に対する応答能が低く、これは、少なくとも部分的には、CARの下方制御によるものと考えられ、初回抗原曝露後にCetux−CAR+T細胞の機能疲弊の傾向が高いことを指し得る。
Cetux−CAR+T細胞及びNimo−CAR+T細胞の抗腫瘍効果を生体内で評価するため、生物発光(BLI)による相対的腫瘍量の非侵襲的連続画像診断用に、ホタルルシフェラーゼ(ffLuc)レポーターを発現するよう修飾されたU87細胞の頭蓋内神経膠腫異種移植片を作製した。腫瘍及びT細胞の正確な座標への誘導注入には、これまでに記載のあるガイドスクリュー法を採用した(Lal et al.,2000)。ガイドスクリューをNOD/Scid/IL2Rg−/−(NSG)マウスの頭蓋の右前頭葉に移植し、マウスを2週間回復させた(図25A)。T細胞処置によるガイドスクリュー移植からのタイムライン及びBLIによる相対的腫瘍量評価を図25Bに示す。内因的にEGFR発現が低いまたはtEGFRの強制的発現により中程度のEGFRを発現しているU87細胞250,000個を、ガイドスクリューの中心を通って2.5mmの深さに注入した。腫瘍量を評価するため、T細胞処置に先立ちマウスの画像診断を行い、マウスを、腫瘍量が均等に分けられるようにして、未処置マウス、Cetux−CAR+T細胞処置マウス、またはNimo−CAR+T細胞処置マウスの3群に層別化した。腫瘍注入から5日後、初回投与量4x106T細胞をガイドスクリューの中心を通して注入した。それ以降のT細胞用量を、ガイドスクリューを通して週1回計3用量のT細胞を投与した。各T細胞処置から6日後のBLI測定値を、相対的腫瘍量評価に使用した。処置に続き、マウスをエンドポイント決定基準について評価し、これには、24時間で体容量の5%を超える急速な体重減少、体容量の25%以上の体重減少の進行、または、運動失調、努力性呼吸、及び後肢麻痺などの病気を示す明らかな臨床徴候が含まれた。エンドポイント決定基準が満たされ、動物の死が差し迫っていることが示唆された場合はマウスを屠殺し、未処置マウスと比べたCetux−CAR+T細胞処置マウス及びNimo−CAR+T細胞処置マウスの生存期間を評価した。
U87med注射から4日後、腫瘍量を評価するためマウスをBLIで撮像した(図26A)。相対的腫瘍量が均等に分けられるようマウスを3群に分け、その後、未処置、Cetux−CAR+T細胞、またはNimo−CAR+T細胞の3つの処置を無作為に割り付けた(図26B)。CARの発現並びにCD8+T細胞及びCD4+T細胞の比を決定するため、3回の刺激を受け、EGFR+aAPC上で細胞数を増幅させたCAR+T細胞を、T細胞処置当日、フローサイトメトリーにより表現型を解析した(図26C)。CAR発現は、Cetux−CAR+T細胞及びNimo−CAR+T細胞間で同様であった(それぞれ92%及び85%)。Cetux−CAR+T細胞及びNimo−CAR+T細胞は、ともにCD4+T細胞及びCD8+T細胞の混合物を含有していたが、Cetux−CAR+T細胞は、Nimo−CAR+T細胞よりも約20%少ないCD8+T細胞を含有していた(それぞれ31.8%及び51.2%)。BLIによるアッセイでは、Cetux−CAR+T細胞及びNimo−CAR+T細胞はどちらも腫瘍増殖を抑制できた(18日目;Cetux−CAR、p<0.01及びNimo−CAR、p<0.05)(図27A、B)。Cetux−CAR+T細胞及びNimo−CAR+T細胞間の腫瘍増殖制御能に差はかなった(p>0.05)。BLIで評価した腫瘍量低下は、腫瘍注射後100日経過時点で、Cetux−CAR+T細胞で処置したマウス7匹中3匹、及びNimo−CAR+T細胞で処置したマウス7匹中4匹において明らかであり、この時、処置を受けなかったマウスは全匹疾患の犠牲になっていた。
マウスにU87を注入し、その4日後、相対的腫瘍量をBLIにより評価した(図29A)。相対的腫瘍量を均等に3群に分け、未処置、Cetux−CAR+T細胞処置、またはNimo−CAR+T細胞処置に無作為に割り付けた(図29B)。CARの発現並びにCD8+T細胞及びCD4+T細胞の比を決定するため、3回の刺激を受け、EGFR+aAPC上で細胞数を増幅させたCAR+T細胞を、T細胞処置当日、フローサイトメトリーにより表現型を解析した(図29C)。CAR発現は、Cetux−CAR+T細胞及びNimo−CAR+T細胞間で同様であった(それぞれ92%及び85%)。Cetux−CAR+T細胞及びNimo−CAR+T細胞は、ともにCD4+T細胞及びCD8+T細胞の混合物を含有していたが、Cetux−CAR+T細胞は、Nimo−CAR+T細胞よりも約20%少ないCD8+T細胞を含有していた(それぞれ31.8%及び51.2%)。
***
参考文献
以下の参考文献は、本明細書の記載の例示的な手順または他の補足的詳細を提供する程度において、参照により本明細書に具体的に組み込まれる。
米国特許第4,690,915号
米国特許第6,225,042号
米国特許第6,355,479号
米国特許第6,362,001号
米国特許第6,410,319号
米国特許第6,489,458号
米国特許第6,790,662号
米国特許第7,109,304号
米国特許出願公開第2009/0004142号
米国特許出願公開第2009/0017000号
国際公開公報番号WO2007/103009
国際公開公報番号WO2012/100346
Adams, G. P., R. Schier, A. M. McCall, H. H. Simmons, E. M. Horak, R. K. Alpaugh, J. D. Marks, and L. M. Weiner. 2001. High affinity restricts the localization and tumor penetration of single−chain fv antibody molecules. Cancer research 61:4750−4755.
Ahmed, N., V. S. Salsman, Y. Kew, D. Shaffer, S. Powell, Y. J. Zhang, R. G. Grossman, H. E. Heslop, and S. Gottschalk. 2010. HER2−specific T cells target primary glioblastoma stem cells and induce regression of autologous experimental tumors. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 16:474−485.
Aleksic, M., O. Dushek, H. Zhang, E. Shenderov, J. L. Chen, V. Cerundolo, D. Coombs, and P. A. van der Merwe. 2010. Dependence of T cell antigen recognition on T cell receptor−peptide MHC confinement time. Immunity 32:163−174.
Altenschmidt, U. et al., J.Immunol. 159:5509, 1997.
Audic, S., and J. M. Claverie. 1997. The significance of digital gene expression profiles. Genome research 7:986−995.
Barker, F. G., 2nd, M. L. Simmons, S. M. Chang, M. D. Prados, D. A. Larson, P. K. Sneed, W. M. Wara, M. S. Berger, P. Chen, M. A. Israel, and K. D. Aldape. 2001. EGFR overexpression and radiation response in glioblastoma multiforme. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 51:410−418.
Barrett, D. M., D. T. Teachey, and S. A. Grupp. 2014. Toxicity management for patients receiving novel T−cell engaging therapies. Current opinion in pediatrics 26:43−49.
Barrett, D. M., X. Liu, S. Jiang, C. H. June, S. A. Grupp, and Y. Zhao. 2013. Regimen−specific effects of RNA−modified chimeric antigen receptor T cells in mice with advanced leukemia. Human gene therapy 24:717−727.
Barrett, D. M., Y. Zhao, X. Liu, S. Jiang, C. Carpenito, M. Kalos, R. G. Carroll, C. H. June, and S. A. Grupp. 2011. Treatment of advanced leukemia in mice with mRNA engineered T cells. Human gene therapy 22:1575−1586.
Barthel and Goldfeld, J. Immunol., 171:3612−3619, 2003.
Boczkowski, D., S. K. Nair, J. H. Nam, H. K. Lyerly, and E. Gilboa. 2000. Induction of tumor immunity and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses using dendritic cells transfected with messenger RNA amplified from tumor cells. Cancer research 60:1028−1034.
Bourgeois, C., H. Veiga−Fernandes, A. M. Joret, B. Rocha, and C. Tanchot. 2002. CD8 lethargy in the absence of CD4 help. European journal of immunology 32:2199−2207.
Brentjens, R. J., I. Riviere, J. H. Park, M. L. Davila, X. Wang, J. Stefanski, C. Taylor, R. Yeh, S. Bartido, O. Borquez−Ojeda, M. Olszewska, Y. Bernal, H. Pegram, M. Przybylowski, D. Hollyman, Y. Usachenko, D. Pirraglia, J. Hosey, E. Santos, E. Halton, P. Maslak, D. Scheinberg, J. Jurcic, M. Heaney, G. Heller, M. Frattini, and M. Sadelain. 2011. Safety and persistence of adoptively transferred autologous CD19−targeted T cells in patients with relapsed or chemotherapy refractory B−cell leukemias. Blood 118:4817−4828.
Brentjens, R. J., M. L. Davila, I. Riviere, J. Park, X. Wang, L. G. Cowell, S. Bartido, J. Stefanski, C. Taylor, M. Olszewska, O. Borquez−Ojeda, J. Qu, T. Wasielewska, Q. He, Y. Bernal, I. V. Rijo, C. Hedvat, R. Kobos, K. Curran, P. Steinherz, J. Jurcic, T. Rosenblat, P. Maslak, M. Frattini, and M. Sadelain. 2013. CD19−targeted T cells rapidly induce molecular remissions in adults with chemotherapy−refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Science translational medicine 5:177ra138.
Bridgeman, J. S., R. E. Hawkins, S. Bagley, M. Blaylock, M. Holland, and D. E. Gilham. 2010. The optimal antigen response of chimeric antigen receptors harboring the CD3zeta transmembrane domain is dependent upon incorporation of the receptor into the endogenous TCR/CD3 complex. J Immunol 184:6938−6949.
Brocker T. Karjalainen K. Adoptive tumor immunity mediated by lymphocytes bearing modified antigen−specific receptors. Adv. Immunol. 1998;68:257−269.
Budde, L. E., C. Berger, Y. Lin, J. Wang, X. Lin, S. E. Frayo, S. A. Brouns, D. M. Spencer, B. G. Till, M. C. Jensen, S. R. Riddell, and O. W. Press. 2013. Combining a CD20 Chimeric Antigen Receptor and an Inducible Caspase 9 Suicide Switch to Improve the Efficacy and Safety of T Cell Adoptive Immunotherapy for Lymphoma. PloS one 8:e82742.
Cai, Z., H. Kishimoto, A. Brunmark, M. R. Jackson, P. A. Peterson, and J. Sprent. 1997. Requirements for peptide−induced T cell receptor downregulation on naive CD8+ T cells. The Journal of experimental medicine 185:641−651.
Chan, D. A., P. D. Sutphin, S. E. Yen, and A. J. Giaccia. 2005. Coordinate regulation of the oxygen−dependent degradation domains of hypoxia−inducible factor 1 alpha. Molecular and cellular biology 25:6415−6426.
Chervin, A. S., J. D. Stone, C. M. Soto, B. Engels, H. Schreiber, E. J. Roy, and D. M. Kranz. 2013. Design of T−cell receptor libraries with diverse binding properties to examine adoptive T−cell responses. Gene therapy 20:634−644.
Chmielewski, M., A. Hombach, C. Heuser, G. P. Adams, and H. Abken. 2004. T cell activation by antibody−like immunoreceptors: increase in affinity of the single−chain fragment domain above threshold does not increase T cell activation against antigen−positive target cells but decreases selectivity. J Immunol 173:7647−7653.
Comprehensive genomic characterization defines human glioblastoma genes and core pathways. Nature 455:1061−1068, 2008.
Cooper et al., Good T cells for bad B cells, Blood, 119:2700−2702, 2012.
Corse, E., R. A. Gottschalk, M. Krogsgaard, and J. P. Allison. 2010. Attenuated T cell responses to a high−potency ligand in vivo. PLoS biology 8.
Davies, J. K., H. Singh, H. Huls, D. Yuk, D. A. Lee, P. Kebriaei, R. E. Champlin, L. M. Nadler, E. C. Guinan, and L. J. Cooper. 2010. Combining CD19 redirection and alloanergization to generate tumor−specific human T cells for allogeneic cell therapy of B−cell malignancies. Cancer research 70:3915−3924.
Di Stasi, A., B. De Angelis, C. M. Rooney, L. Zhang, A. Mahendravada, A. E. Foster, H. E. Heslop, M. K. Brenner, G. Dotti, and B. Savoldo. 2009. T lymphocytes coexpressing CCR4 and a chimeric antigen receptor targeting CD30 have improved homing and antitumor activity in a Hodgkin tumor model. Blood 113:6392−6402.
Di Stasi, A., S. K. Tey, G. Dotti, Y. Fujita, A. Kennedy−Nasser, C. Martinez, K. Straathof, E. Liu, A. G. Durett, B. Grilley, H. Liu, C. R. Cruz, B. Savoldo, A. P. Gee, J. Schindler, R. A. Krance, H. E. Heslop, D. M. Spencer, C. M. Rooney, and M. K. Brenner. 2011. Inducible apoptosis as a safety switch for adoptive cell therapy. The New England journal of medicine 365:1673−1683.
Eisen, M. B., P. T. Spellman, P. O. Brown, and D. Botstein. 1998. Cluster analysis and display of genome−wide expression patterns. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95:14863−14868.
Engels, B., A. S. Chervin, A. J. Sant, D. M. Kranz, and H. Schreiber. 2012. Long−term persistence of CD4(+) but rapid disappearance of CD8(+) T cells expressing an MHC class I−restricted TCR of nanomolar affinity. Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 20:652−660.
Ertl H.C. Zaia J. Rosenberg S.A., et al. Considerations for the clinical application of chimeric antigen receptor T cells: observations from a recombinant DNA Advisory Committee Symposium held June 15, 2010. Cancer Res. 2011;71:3175−3181.
Eshhar Z. Tumor−specific T−bodies: towards clinical application. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 1997;45:131−136.
Eshhar, Z. et al., Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A. 90:720, 1993.
Fedorov, V. D., M. Themeli, and M. Sadelain. 2013. PD−1− and CTLA−4−Based Inhibitory Chimeric Antigen Receptors (iCARs) Divert Off−Target Immunotherapy Responses. Science translational medicine 5:215ra172.
Fitzer−Attas et al., J. Immunol., 160:145−154, 1998.
Galanis, E., J. Buckner, D. Kimmel, R. Jenkins, B. Alderete, J. O’Fallon, C. H. Wang, B. W. Scheithauer, and C. D. James. 1998. Gene amplification as a prognostic factor in primary and secondary high−grade malignant gliomas. International journal of oncology 13:717−724.
Garrido, G., I. A. Tikhomirov, A. Rabasa, E. Yang, E. Gracia, N. Iznaga, L. E. Fernandez, T. Crombet, R. S. Kerbel, and R. Perez. 2011. Bivalent binding by intermediate affinity of nimotuzumab: a contribution to explain antibody clinical profile. Cancer biology & therapy 11:373−382.
Gattinoni, L., C. A. Klebanoff, and N. P. Restifo. 2012. Paths to stemness: building the ultimate antitumour T cell. Nature reviews. Cancer 12:671−684.
Gattinoni, L., X. S. Zhong, D. C. Palmer, Y. Ji, C. S. Hinrichs, Z. Yu, C. Wrzesinski, A. Boni, L. Cassard, L. M. Garvin, C. M. Paulos, P. Muranski, and N. P. Restifo. 2009. Wnt signaling arrests effector T cell differentiation and generates CD8+ memory stem cells. Nature medicine 15:808−813.
Geginat, J., A. Lanzavecchia, and F. Sallusto. 2003. Proliferation and differentiation potential of human CD8+ memory T−cell subsets in response to antigen or homeostatic cytokines. Blood 101:4260−4266.
Gottschalk, R. A., E. Corse, and J. P. Allison. 2010. TCR ligand density and affinity determine peripheral induction of Foxp3 in vivo. The Journal of experimental medicine 207:1701−1711.
Gottschalk, R. A., M. M. Hathorn, H. Beuneu, E. Corse, M. L. Dustin, G. Altan−Bonnet, and J. P. Allison. 2012. Distinct influences of peptide−MHC quality and quantity on in vivo T−cell responses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109:881−886.
Govern, C. C., M. K. Paczosa, A. K. Chakraborty, and E. S. Huseby. 2010. Fast on−rates allow short dwell time ligands to activate T cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107:8724−8729.
Gross et al., FASEB J 6:3370, 1992.
Grupp, S. A., M. Kalos, D. Barrett, R. Aplenc, D. L. Porter, S. R. Rheingold, D. T. Teachey, A. Chew, B. Hauck, J. F. Wright, M. C. Milone, B. L. Levine, and C. H. June. 2013. Chimeric antigen receptor−modified T cells for acute lymphoid leukemia. The New England journal of medicine 368:1509−1518.
Hegde, M., A. Corder, K. K. Chow, M. Mukherjee, A. Ashoori, Y. Kew, Y. J. Zhang, D. S. Baskin, F. A. Merchant, V. S. Brawley, T. T. Byrd, S. Krebs, M. F. Wu, H. Liu, H. E. Heslop, S. Gottachalk, E. Yvon, and N. Ahmed. 2013. Combinational targeting offsets antigen escape and enhances effector functions of adoptively transferred T cells in glioblastoma. Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 21:2087−2101.
Hekele, A. et al., Int.J.Cancer 68:232, 1996.
Hemmer, B., I. Stefanova, M. Vergelli, R. N. Germain, and R. Martin. 1998. Relationships among TCR ligand potency, thresholds for effector function elicitation, and the quality of early signaling events in human T cells. J Immunol 160:5807−5814.
Hirsch, F. R., M. Varella−Garcia, and F. Cappuzzo. 2009. Predictive value of EGFR and HER2 overexpression in advanced non−small−cell lung cancer. Oncogene 28 Suppl 1:S32−37.
Holler, P. D., and D. M. Kranz. 2003. Quantitative analysis of the contribution of TCR/pepMHC affinity and CD8 to T cell activation. Immunity 18:255−264.
Hu, X., W. Miao, Y. Zou, W. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and H. Liu. 2013. Expression of p53, epidermal growth factor receptor, Ki−67 and O−methylguanine−DNA methyltransferase in human gliomas. Oncology letters 6:130−134.
Huang, J., V. I. Zarnitsyna, B. Liu, L. J. Edwards, N. Jiang, B. D. Evavold, and C. Zhu. 2010. The kinetics of two−dimensional TCR and pMHC interactions determine T−cell responsiveness. Nature 464:932−936.
Hudecek, M., M. T. Lupo−Stanghellini, P. L. Kosasih, D. Sommermeyer, M. C. Jensen, C. Rader, and S. R. Riddell. 2013. Receptor affinity and extracellular domain modifications affect tumor recognition by ROR1−specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 19:3153−3164.
Huppa, J. B., M. Axmann, M. A. Mortelmaier, B. F. Lillemeier, E. W. Newell, M. Brameshuber, L. O. Klein, G. J. Schutz, and M. M. Davis. 2010. TCR−peptide−MHC interactions in situ show accelerated kinetics and increased affinity. Nature 463:963−967.
Hurton, L. V. 2014. Tethered IL−15 to augment the therapeutic potential of T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptor: Maintaining memory potential, persistence, and antitumor activity. (Doctoral Dissertation) The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
Hwu et al., Cancer Res. 55:3369, 1995.
Hynes, N. E., and H. A. Lane. 2005. ERBB receptors and cancer: the complexity of targeted inhibitors. Nature reviews. Cancer 5:341−354.
James, S. E., P. D. Greenberg, M. C. Jensen, Y. Lin, J. Wang, B. G. Till, A. A. Raubitschek, S. J. Forman, and O. W. Press. 2008. Antigen sensitivity of CD22−specific chimeric TCR is modulated by target epitope distance from the cell membrane. J Immunol 180:7028−7038.
James, S. E., P. D. Greenberg, M. C. Jensen, Y. Lin, J. Wang, L. E. Budde, B. G. Till, A. A. Raubitschek, S. J. Forman, and O. W. Press. 2010. Mathematical modeling of chimeric TCR triggering predicts the magnitude of target lysis and its impairment by TCR downmodulation. J Immunol 184:4284−4294.
Janicki, C. N., S. R. Jenkinson, N. A. Williams, and D. J. Morgan. 2008. Loss of CTL function among high−avidity tumor−specific CD8+ T cells following tumor infiltration. Cancer research 68:2993−3000.
Jena, B., G. Dotti, and L. J. Cooper. 2010. Redirecting T−cell specificity by introducing a tumor−specific chimeric antigen receptor. Blood 116:1035−1044.
Kalergis, A. M., N. Boucheron, M. A. Doucey, E. Palmieri, E. C. Goyarts, Z. Vegh, I. F. Luescher, and S. G. Nathenson. 2001. Efficient T cell activation requires an optimal dwell−time of interaction between the TCR and the pMHC complex. Nature immunology 2:229−234.
Kalos, M., B. L. Levine, D. L. Porter, S. Katz, S. A. Grupp, A. Bagg, and C. H. June. 2011. T cells with chimeric antigen receptors have potent antitumor effects and can establish memory in patients with advanced leukemia. Science translational medicine 3:95ra73.
Kamphorst, A. O., and R. Ahmed. 2013. CD4 T−cell immunotherapy for chronic viral infections and cancer. Immunotherapy 5:975−987.
Kersh, G. J., E. N. Kersh, D. H. Fremont, and P. M. Allen. 1998. High− and low−potency ligands with similar affinities for the TCR: the importance of kinetics in TCR signaling. Immunity 9:817−826.
Kloss, C. C., M. Condomines, M. Cartellieri, M. Bachmann, and M. Sadelain. 2013. Combinatorial antigen recognition with balanced signaling promotes selective tumor eradication by engineered T cells. Nature biotechnology 31:71−75.
Kochenderfer, J. N., M. E. Dudley, S. A. Feldman, W. H. Wilson, D. E. Spaner, I. Maric, M. Stetler−Stevenson, G. Q. Phan, M. S. Hughes, R. M. Sherry, J. C. Yang, U. S. Kammula, L. Devillier, R. Carpenter, D. A. Nathan, R. A. Morgan, C. Laurencot, and S. A. Rosenberg. 2012. B−cell depletion and remissions of malignancy along with cytokine−associated toxicity in a clinical trial of anti−CD19 chimeric−antigen−receptor−transduced T cells. Blood 119:2709−2720.
Kochenderfer, J. N., W. H. Wilson, J. E. Janik, M. E. Dudley, M. Stetler−Stevenson, S. A. Feldman, I. Maric, M. Raffeld, D. A. Nathan, B. J. Lanier, R. A. Morgan, and S. A. Rosenberg. 2010. Eradication of B−lineage cells and regression of lymphoma in a patient treated with autologous T cells genetically engineered to recognize CD19. Blood 116:4099−4102.
Kohn D.B. Dotti G. Brentjens R., et al. CARs on track in the clinic. Mol. Ther. 2011;19:432−438.
Kowolik, C. M., M. S. Topp, S. Gonzalez, T. Pfeiffer, S. Olivares, N. Gonzalez, D. D. Smith, S. J. Forman, M. C. Jensen, and L. J. Cooper. 2006. CD28 costimulation provided through a CD19−specific chimeric antigen receptor enhances in vivo persistence and antitumor efficacy of adoptively transferred T cells. Cancer research 66:10995−11004.
Kumar, R., M. Ferez, M. Swamy, I. Arechaga, M. T. Rejas, J. M. Valpuesta, W. W. Schamel, B. Alarcon, and H. M. van Santen. 2011. Increased sensitivity of antigen−experienced T cells through the enrichment of oligomeric T cell receptor complexes. Immunity 35:375−387.
Lacunza, E., M. Baudis, A. G. Colussi, A. Segal−Eiras, M. V. Croce, and M. C. Abba. 2010. MUC1 oncogene amplification correlates with protein overexpression in invasive breast carcinoma cells. Cancer genetics and cytogenetics 201:102−110.
Lal, S., M. Lacroix, P. Tofilon, G. N. Fuller, R. Sawaya, and F. F. Lang. 2000. An implantable guide−screw system for brain tumor studies in small animals. Journal of neurosurgery 92:326−333.
Lamers, C. H., S. Sleijfer, S. van Steenbergen, P. van Elzakker, B. van Krimpen, C. Groot, A. Vulto, M. den Bakker, E. Oosterwijk, R. Debets, and J. W. Gratama. 2013. Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with CAIX CAR−engineered T cells: clinical evaluation and management of on−target toxicity. Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 21:904−912.
Lanitis, E., M. Poussin, A. W. Klattenhoff, D. Song, R. Sandaltzopoulos, C. H. June, and D. J. Powell, Jr. 2013. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells with dissociated signaling domains exhibit focused anti−tumor activity with reduced potential for toxicity. Cancer immunology research 1.
Lim, D. G., P. Hollsberg, and D. A. Hafler. 2002. Strength of prior stimuli determines the magnitude of secondary responsiveness in CD8+ T cells. Cellular immunology 217:36−46.
Little, S. E., S. Popov, A. Jury, D. A. Bax, L. Doey, S. Al−Sarraj, J. M. Jurgensmeier, and C. Jones. 2012. Receptor tyrosine kinase genes amplified in glioblastoma exhibit a mutual exclusivity in variable proportions reflective of individual tumor heterogeneity. Cancer research 72:1614−1620.
Marodon et al., Blood, 101:3416−3423, 2003.
Mateo et al. Immunotechnology, 3(1):71−81, 1997.
Maus, M. V., A. R. Haas, G. L. Beatty, S. M. Albelda, B. L. Levine, X. Liu, Y. Zhao, M. Kalos, and C. H. June. 2013. T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors can cause anaphylaxis in humans. Cancer immunology research 1:26−31.
McKeithan, T. W. 1995. Kinetic proofreading in T−cell receptor signal transduction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92:5042−5046.
Moon, E. K., C. Carpenito, J. Sun, L. C. Wang, V. Kapoor, J. Predina, D. J. Powell, Jr., J. L. Riley, C. H. June, and S. M. Albelda. 2011. Expression of a functional CCR2 receptor enhances tumor localization and tumor eradication by retargeted human T cells expressing a mesothelin−specific chimeric antibody receptor. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 17:4719−4730.
Morgan, R. A., J. C. Yang, M. Kitano, M. E. Dudley, C. M. Laurencot, and S. A. Rosenberg. 2010. Case report of a serious adverse event following the administration of T cells transduced with a chimeric antigen receptor recognizing ERBB2. Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 18:843−851.
Moritz, D. et al., Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A. 91:4318, 1994.
Muranski, P., and N. P. Restifo. 2009. Adoptive immunotherapy of cancer using CD4(+) T cells. Current opinion in immunology 21:200−208.
Mutsaers, A. J., G. Francia, S. Man, C. R. Lee, J. M. Ebos, Y. Wu, L. Witte, S. Berry, M. Moore, and R. S. Kerbel. 2009. Dose−dependent increases in circulating TGF−alpha and other EGFR ligands act as pharmacodynamic markers for optimal biological dosing of cetuximab and are tumor independent. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 15:2397−2405.
Nauerth, M., B. Weissbrich, R. Knall, T. Franz, G. Dossinger, J. Bet, P. J. Paszkiewicz, L. Pfeifer, M. Bunse, W. Uckert, R. Holtappels, D. Gillert−Marien, M. Neuenhahn, A. Krackhardt, M. J. Reddehase, S. R. Riddell, and D. H. Busch. 2013. TCR−ligand koff rate correlates with the protective capacity of antigen−specific CD8+ T cells for adoptive transfer. Science translational medicine 5:192ra187.
O’Connor, C. M., S. Sheppard, C. A. Hartline, H. Huls, M. Johnson, S. L. Palla, S. Maiti, W. Ma, R. E. Davis, S. Craig, D. A. Lee, R. Champlin, H. Wilson, and L. J. Cooper. 2012. Adoptive T−cell therapy improves treatment of canine non−Hodgkin lymphoma post chemotherapy. Scientific reports 2:249.
Parsons, D. W., S. Jones, X. Zhang, J. C. Lin, R. J. Leary, P. Angenendt, P. Mankoo, H. Carter, I. M. Siu, G. L. Gallia, A. Olivi, R. McLendon, B. A. Rasheed, S. Keir, T. Nikolskaya, Y. Nikolsky, D. A. Busam, H. Tekleab, L. A. Diaz, Jr., J. Hartigan, D. R. Smith, R. L. Strausberg, S. K. Marie, S. M. Shinjo, H. Yan, G. J. Riggins, D. D. Bigner, R. Karchin, N. Papadopoulos, G. Parmigiani, B. Vogelstein, V. E. Velculescu, and K. W. Kinzler. 2008. An integrated genomic analysis of human glioblastoma multiforme. Science 321:1807−1812.
Paulos, C. M., M. M. Suhoski, G. Plesa, T. Jiang, S. Basu, T. N. Golovina, S. Jiang, N. A. Aqui, D. J. Powell, Jr., B. L. Levine, R. G. Carroll, J. L. Riley, and C. H. June. 2008. Adoptive immunotherapy: good habits instilled at youth have long−term benefits. Immunologic research 42:182−196.
Peng, W., Y. Ye, B. A. Rabinovich, C. Liu, Y. Lou, M. Zhang, M. Whittington, Y. Yang, W. W. Overwijk, G. Lizee, and P. Hwu. 2010. Transduction of tumor−specific T cells with CXCR2 chemokine receptor improves migration to tumor and antitumor immune responses. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 16:5458−5468.
Porter, D. L., B. L. Levine, M. Kalos, A. Bagg, and C. H. June. 2011. Chimeric antigen receptor−modified T cells in chronic lymphoid leukemia. The New England journal of medicine 365:725−733.
Rabinovich, P. M., M. E. Komarovskaya, Z. J. Ye, C. Imai, D. Campana, E. Bahceci, and S. M. Weissman. 2006. Synthetic messenger RNA as a tool for gene therapy. Human gene therapy 17:1027−1035.
Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16th Ed., Mack, ed. (1980).
Robbins, P. F., M. E. Dudley, J. Wunderlich, M. El−Gamil, Y. F. Li, J. Zhou, J. Huang, D. J. Powell, Jr., and S. A. Rosenberg. 2004. Cutting edge: persistence of transferred lymphocyte clonotypes correlates with cancer regression in patients receiving cell transfer therapy. J Immunol 173:7125−7130.
Robert, P., M. Aleksic, O. Dushek, V. Cerundolo, P. Bongrand, and P. A. van der Merwe. 2012. Kinetics and mechanics of two−dimensional interactions between T cell receptors and different activating ligands. Biophysical journal 102:248−257.
Roberts et al., Immunol. Lett., 43:39−43, 1994.
Robins, H. S., P. V. Campregher, S. K. Srivastava, A. Wacher, C. J. Turtle, O. Kahsai, S. R. Riddell, E. H. Warren, and C. S. Carlson. 2009. Comprehensive assessment of T−cell receptor beta−chain diversity in alphabeta T cells. Blood 114:4099−4107.
Rosette, C., G. Werlen, M. A. Daniels, P. O. Holman, S. M. Alam, P. J. Travers, N. R. Gascoigne, E. Palmer, and S. C. Jameson. 2001. The impact of duration versus extent of TCR occupancy on T cell activation: a revision of the kinetic proofreading model. Immunity 15:59−70.
Rushworth, D. J., B.; Olivares, S.; Maiti, S.; Briggs, N.; Somanchi, S.; Dai, J.; Lee, D.A.; Cooper, L.J.N. 2014. Universal artificial antigen presenting cells to selectively propagate T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors independent of specificity. Journal of Immunotherapy.
Schaft, N., J. Dorrie, I. Muller, V. Beck, S. Baumann, T. Schunder, E. Kampgen, and G. Schuler. 2006. A new way to generate cytolytic tumor−specific T cells: electroporation of RNA coding for a T cell receptor into T lymphocytes. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 55:1132−1141.
Schamel, W. W., and B. Alarcon. 2013. Organization of the resting TCR in nanoscale oligomers. Immunological reviews 251:13−20.
Schamel, W. W., I. Arechaga, R. M. Risueno, H. M. van Santen, P. Cabezas, C. Risco, J. M. Valpuesta, and B. Alarcon. 2005. Coexistence of multivalent and monovalent TCRs explains high sensitivity and wide range of response. The Journal of experimental medicine 202:493−503.
Schneider, J. Embryol. Exp. Morph. 1972 Vol 27:353−365.
Singh, H., M. J. Figliola, M. J. Dawson, S. Olivares, L. Zhang, G. Yang, S. Maiti, P. Manuri, V. Senyukov, B. Jena, P. Kebriaei, R. E. Champlin, H. Huls, and L. J. Cooper. 2013. Manufacture of clinical−grade CD19−specific T cells stably expressing chimeric antigen receptor using Sleeping Beauty system and artificial antigen presenting cells. PloS one 8:e64138.
Singh, H., P. R. Manuri, S. Olivares, N. Dara, M. J. Dawson, H. Huls, P. B. Hackett, D. B. Kohn, E. J. Shpall, R. E. Champlin, and L. J. Cooper. 2008. Redirecting specificity of T−cell populations for CD19 using the Sleeping Beauty system. Cancer research 68:2961−2971.
Smith, J. S., I. Tachibana, S. M. Passe, B. K. Huntley, T. J. Borell, N. Iturria, J. R. O’Fallon, P. L. Schaefer, B. W. Scheithauer, C. D. James, J. C. Buckner, and R. B. Jenkins. 2001. PTEN mutation, EGFR amplification, and outcome in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 93:1246−1256.
Stancovski, I. et al., J.Immunol. 151:6577, 1993.
Stephan, M. T., V. Ponomarev, R. J. Brentjens, A. H. Chang, K. V. Dobrenkov, G. Heller, and M. Sadelain. 2007. T cell−encoded CD80 and 4−1BBL induce auto− and transcostimulation, resulting in potent tumor rejection. Nature medicine 13:1440−1449.
Stone, J. D., A. S. Chervin, and D. M. Kranz. 2009. T−cell receptor binding affinities and kinetics: impact on T−cell activity and specificity. Immunology 126:165−176.
Stone, J. D., and D. M. Kranz. 2013. Role of T cell receptor affinity in the efficacy and specificity of adoptive T cell therapies. Frontiers in immunology 4:244.
Suhoski, M. M., T. N. Golovina, N. A. Aqui, V. C. Tai, A. Varela−Rohena, M. C. Milone, R. G. Carroll, J. L. Riley, and C. H. June. 2007. Engineering artificial antigen−presenting cells to express a diverse array of co−stimulatory molecules. Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 15:981−988.
Sun, J. C., and M. J. Bevan. 2003. Defective CD8 T cell memory following acute infection without CD4 T cell help. Science 300:339−342.
Szerlip, N. J., A. Pedraza, D. Chakravarty, M. Azim, J. McGuire, Y. Fang, T. Ozawa, E. C. Holland, J. T. Huse, S. Jhanwar, M. A. Leversha, T. Mikkelsen, and C. W. Brennan. 2012. Intratumoral heterogeneity of receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR and PDGFRA amplification in glioblastoma defines subpopulations with distinct growth factor response. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109:3041−3046.
Talavera, A., R. Friemann, S. Gomez−Puerta, C. Martinez−Fleites, G. Garrido, A. Rabasa, A. Lopez−Requena, A. Pupo, R. F. Johansen, O. Sanchez, U. Krengel, and E. Moreno. 2009. Nimotuzumab, an antitumor antibody that targets the epidermal growth factor receptor, blocks ligand binding while permitting the active receptor conformation. Cancer research 69:5851−5859.
Tian, S., R. Maile, E. J. Collins, and J. A. Frelinger. 2007. CD8+ T cell activation is governed by TCR−peptide/MHC affinity, not dissociation rate. J Immunol 179:2952−2960.
Till, B. G., M. C. Jensen, J. Wang, E. Y. Chen, B. L. Wood, H. A. Greisman, X. Qian, S. E. James, A. Raubitschek, S. J. Forman, A. K. Gopal, J. M. Pagel, C. G. Lindgren, P. D. Greenberg, S. R. Riddell, and O. W. Press. 2008. Adoptive immunotherapy for indolent non−Hodgkin lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma using genetically modified autologous CD20−specific T cells. Blood 112:2261−2271.
Topalian and Rosenberg, Acta Haematol., 78(Suppl 1):75−76, 1987.
Torikai, H., A. Reik, P. Q. Liu, Y. Zhou, L. Zhang, S. Maiti, H. Huls, J. C. Miller, P. Kebriaei, B. Rabinovitch, D. A. Lee, R. E. Champlin, C. Bonini, L. Naldini, E. J. Rebar, P. D. Gregory, M. C. Holmes, and L. J. Cooper. 2012. A foundation for universal T−cell based immunotherapy: T cells engineered to express a CD19−specific chimeric−antigen−receptor and eliminate expression of endogenous TCR. Blood 119:5697−5705.
Turatti, F., M. Figini, E. Balladore, P. Alberti, P. Casalini, J. D. Marks, S. Canevari, and D. Mezzanzanica. 2007. Redirected activity of human antitumor chimeric immune receptors is governed by antigen and receptor expression levels and affinity of interaction. J Immunother 30:684−693.
Turkman, N., A. Shavrin, R. A. Ivanov, B. Rabinovich, A. Volgin, J. G. Gelovani, and M. M. Alauddin. 2011. Fluorinated cannabinoid CB2 receptor ligands: synthesis and in vitro binding characteristics of 2−oxoquinoline derivatives. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 19:5698−5707.
Vartanian, A., S. K. Singh, S. Agnihotri, S. Jalali, K. Burrell, K. D. Aldape, and G. Zadeh. 2014. GBM’s multifaceted landscape: highlighting regional and microenvironmental heterogeneity. Neuro−oncology.
Viola, A., and A. Lanzavecchia. 1996. T cell activation determined by T cell receptor number and tunable thresholds. Science 273:104−106.
Weijtens, M. E. et al., J.Immunol. 157:836, 1996.
Weijtens, M. E., E. H. Hart, and R. L. Bolhuis. 2000. Functional balance between T cell chimeric receptor density and tumor associated antigen density: CTL mediated cytolysis and lymphokine production. Gene therapy 7:35−42.
Wilkie, S., M. C. van Schalkwyk, S. Hobbs, D. M. Davies, S. J. van der Stegen, A. C. Pereira, S. E. Burbridge, C. Box, S. A. Eccles, and J. Maher. 2012. Dual targeting of ErbB2 and MUC1 in breast cancer using chimeric antigen receptors engineered to provide complementary signaling. Journal of clinical immunology 32:1059−1070.
Wu, F., W. Zhang, H. Shao, H. Bo, H. Shen, J. Li, Y. Liu, T. Wang, W. Ma, and S. Huang. 2013. Human effector T cells derived from central memory cells rather than CD8(+)T cells modified by tumor−specific TCR gene transfer possess superior traits for adoptive immunotherapy. Cancer letters 339:195−207.
Yano, S., K. Kondo, M. Yamaguchi, G. Richmond, M. Hutchison, A. Wakeling, S. Averbuch, and P. Wadsworth. 2003. Distribution and function of EGFR in human tissue and the effect of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition. Anticancer research 23:3639−3650.
Yokosuka, T., and T. Saito. 2010. The immunological synapse, TCR microclusters, and T cell activation. Current topics in microbiology and immunology 340:81−107.
Yoon, S. H., J. M. Lee, H. I. Cho, E. K. Kim, H. S. Kim, M. Y. Park, and T. G. Kim. 2009. Adoptive immunotherapy using human peripheral blood lymphocytes transferred with RNA encoding Her−2/neu−specific chimeric immune receptor in ovarian cancer xenograft model. Cancer gene therapy 16:489−497.
Zehn, D., S. Y. Lee, and M. J. Bevan. 2009. Complete but curtailed T−cell response to very low−affinity antigen. Nature 458:211−214.
Zhang, M., S. Maiti, C. Bernatchez, H. Huls, B. Rabinovich, R. E. Champlin, L. M. Vence, P. Hwu, L. Radvanyi, and L. J. Cooper. 2012. A new approach to simultaneously quantify both TCR alpha− and beta−chain diversity after adoptive immunotherapy. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 18:4733−4742.
Zhao, Y., E. Moon, C. Carpenito, C. M. Paulos, X. Liu, A. L. Brennan, A. Chew, R. G. Carroll, J. Scholler, B. L. Levine, S. M. Albelda, and C. H. June. 2010. Multiple injections of electroporated autologous T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor mediate regression of human disseminated tumor. Cancer research 70:9053−9061.
Zhong, S., K. Malecek, L. A. Johnson, Z. Yu, E. Vega−Saenz de Miera, F. Darvishian, K. McGary, K. Huang, J. Boyer, E. Corse, Y. Shao, S. A. Rosenberg, N. P. Restifo, I. Osman, and M. Krogsgaard. 2013. T−cell receptor affinity and avidity defines antitumor response and autoimmunity in T−cell immunotherapy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110:6973−6978.
Zhou, X., J. Li, Z. Wang, Z. Chen, J. Qiu, Y. Zhang, W. Wang, Y. Ma, N. Huang, K. Cui, and Y. Q. Wei. 2013. Cellular immunotherapy for carcinoma using genetically modified EGFR−specific T lymphocytes. Neoplasia 15:544−553.
Zuckier, L. S., E. Z. Berkowitz, R. J. Sattenberg, Q. H. Zhao, H. F. Deng, and M. D. Scharff. 2000. Influence of affinity and antigen density on antibody localization in a modifiable tumor targeting model. Cancer research 60:7008−7013.
Claims (91)
- ある抗原を標的とする発現キメラT細胞受容体(CAR)を含む単離されたトランスジェニック細胞であって、前記CARは、前記抗原に対するKdが約5nM〜約500nMである、前記単離されたトランスジェニック細胞。
- 細胞がヒト細胞である、請求項1に記載の単離細胞。
- 抗原がCD19、CD20、ROR1、CD22癌胎児性抗原、αフェトプロテイン、CA−125、5T4、MUC−1、上皮腫瘍抗原、前立腺特異抗原、黒色腫関連抗原、変異p53、変異ras、HER2/Neu、葉酸結合タンパク質、HIV−1の外被糖タンパク質gp120、HIV−1の外被糖タンパク質gp41、GD2、CD123、CD33、CD138、CD23、CD30、CD56、c−Met、メソテリン、GD3、HERV−K、IL−11Rα、カッパ鎖、ラムダ鎖、CSPG4、ERBB2、EGFRvIII、VEGFR2、HER2−HER3の組み合わせまたはHER1−HER2の組み合わせである、請求項1に記載の単離細胞。
- 抗原がGP240、5T4、HER1、CD−33、CD−38、VEGFR−1、VEGFR−2、CEA、FGFR3、IGFBP2、IGF−1R、BAFF−R、TACI、APRIL、Fn14、ERBB2またはERBB3である、請求項3に記載の単離細胞。
- 抗原が増殖因子受容体である、請求項1に記載の単離細胞。
- 抗原がEGFR、ERBB2またはERBB3である、請求項5に記載の単離細胞。
- CARが、抗原に対するKdが6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19若しくは20nMまたはそれ以上である、請求項1に記載の単離細胞。
- CARが、抗原に対するKdが約5nMから約450,400,350、300,250,200,150,100、または50nMの間である、請求項1に記載の単離細胞。
- CARが、抗原に対するKdが約5nM〜50nMである、請求項1に記載の単離細胞。
- 抗原がEGFRである、請求項1に記載の単離細胞。
- CARが、配列番号5〜10のCDR配列を含む、請求項1に記載の単離細胞。
- CARが、配列番号1及び配列番号2の抗原結合部分を含む、請求項1に記載の単離細胞。
- 前記CARをコードするDNAが細胞のゲノムに組み込まれている、請求項1に記載の単離細胞。
- 前記CARをコードするDNAがトランスポゾン反復配列に隣接する、請求項1に記載の単離細胞。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の単離細胞を薬理学的に許容される担体内に含む、医薬組成物。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の細胞を約1x103〜1x108個含む、請求項15に記載の医薬の組成物。
- 請求項1に記載のトランスジェニック細胞を有効量ヒト被検者に投与することを含む、疾患に罹患しているヒト被検者へのT細胞応答提供方法。
- ある抗原を標的とする発現キメラT細胞受容体(CAR)を含む単離されたトランスジェニック細胞であって、前記CARがセツキシマブのCDR配列を含む,前記単離されたトランスジェニック細胞。
- CARが配列番号3及び配列番号4の抗原結合部分を含む、請求項18に記載の細胞。
- (a)抗原に結合するCARを発現している複数のCAR T細胞を得、ここで、前記複数の細胞は、
(i)前記抗原に対する親和性の異なるCAR、または
(ii)前記細胞に異なるレベルで発現するCARを含み、
(b)前記抗原を発現している対照細胞上及び該対照細胞よりも高レベルの抗原を発現している標的細胞上で前記細胞の細胞傷害活性を評価し、かつ
(c)標的細胞に対して選択的に細胞傷害性であるCAR T細胞を選択することを含む、CAR T細胞の選択方法。 - CAR T細胞の作製及び増幅集団のために選択されたCAR T細胞を培養することをさらに含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- EGFRに対して標的化した発現キメラT細胞受容体(CAR)を含む単離されたトランスジェニックヒトT細胞であって、前記CARは、Nimotuzumab(ニモツズマブ)のCDR配列を含み、ここで、VL CDR1はRSSQNIVHSNGNTYLD(配列番号5)を含み、VL CDR2はKVSNRFS(配列番号6)を含み、VL CDR3はFQYSHVPWT(配列番号7)を含み、VH CDR1はNYYIY(配列番号8)を含み、VH CDR2はGINPTSGGSNFNEKFKT(配列番号9)を含み、かつVH CDR3はQGLWFDSDGRGFDF(配列番号10)を含み、前記T細胞は、EGFRを発現している癌細胞に対する細胞傷害性を示す、前記単離されたトランスジェニックヒトT細胞。
- 請求項22に記載の単離されたトランスジェニックヒトT細胞を含む医薬組成物。
- 請求項22に記載のトランスジェニックヒトT細胞をEGFR陽性の癌に罹患している被検体に有効量投与することを含む、該被検体の治療方法。
- EGFRに対して標的化した発現キメラT細胞受容体(CAR)を含む単離されたトランスジェニックヒトT細胞であって、前記CARは、セツキシマブのCDR配列を含み、ここで、VL CDR1はRASQSIGTNIH(配列番号11)を含み、VL CDR2はASEIS(配列番号12)を含み、VL CDR3はQQNNNWPTT(配列番号13)を含み、VH CDR1はNYGVH(配列番号14)を含み、VH CDR2はVIWSGGNTDYNTPFTS(配列番号15)を含み、かつVH CDR3はALTYYDYEFAY(配列番号16)を含み、前記T細胞は、EGFRを発現している癌細胞に対する細胞傷害性示す,前記単離されたトランスジェニックヒトT細胞。
- 請求項25に記載の単離されたトランスジェニックヒトT細胞を含む医薬組成物。
- 請求項25に記載のトランスジェニックヒトT細胞をEGFR陽性の癌に罹患している被検体に有効量投与することを含む、該被検体の治療方法。
- (a)抗原に結合する発現CARを含むキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)T細胞を培養し、ここで前記CAR T細胞は、
(i)該T細胞が抗原を多価結合した時に限定された細胞傷害活性、または
(ii)前記抗原に対するKdが約5nM〜約500nMであるCARを有し、かつ
(b)前記抗原を高発現している細胞を選択的に標的にするT細胞応答を与えるために、前記培養CAR T細胞の有効量をそれを必要とする被検体に投与することを含む、前記被検体における抗原発現細胞への選択的な標的方法。 - (a)抗原に結合する発現CARを含むキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)T細胞を選択し、ここで前記CAR T細胞は、
(i)T細胞が抗原を多価結合した時に限定された細胞傷害活性、または
(ii)抗原に対するKdが約5nM〜約500nMであるCARを有し、かつ
(b)前記抗原を高発現している細胞を選択的に標的にするT細胞応答を与えるために、前記選択CAR T細胞の有効量をそれを必要とする被検体に投与することを含む、前記被検体における抗原発現細胞への選択的な標的方法。 - 抗原を高発現する癌細胞を選択的に標的とするT細胞応答を提供するために、前記抗原に結合する発現CARを含むキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)T細胞を有効量含む組成物を投与することを含み、前記CAR T細胞は、
(i)T細胞が抗原を多価結合した時に限定された細胞傷害活性、または
(ii)抗原に対するKdが約5nM〜約500nMであるCARを有する、それを必要としている被検体の癌の治療方法。 - 抗原がCD19、CD20、ROR1、CD22癌胎児性抗原、αフェトプロテイン、CA−125、5T4、MUC−1、上皮腫瘍抗原、前立腺特異抗原、黒色腫関連抗原、変異p53、変異ras、HER2/Neu、葉酸結合タンパク質、HIV−1の外被糖タンパク質gp120、HIV−1の外被糖タンパク質gp41、GD2、CD123、CD33、CD138、CD23、CD30、CD56、c−Met、メソテリン、GD3、HERV−K、IL−11Rα、カッパ鎖、ラムダ鎖、CSPG4、ERBB2、EGFRvIII、VEGFR2、HER2−HER3の組み合わせまたはHER1−HER2の組み合わせである、請求項28〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 抗原がGP240、5T4、HER1、CD−33、CD−38、VEGFR−1、VEGFR−2、CEA、FGFR3、IGFBP2、IGF−1R、BAFF−R、TACI、APRIL、Fn14、ERBB2またはERBB3である、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 抗原が増殖因子受容体である、請求項28〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 抗原がEGFR、ERBB2またはERBB3である、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 抗原を発現している細胞が、該抗原を発現する非癌細胞及び該抗原を高発現している癌細胞を含む、請求項28または29のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- CARが、抗原に対するKdが6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19若しくは20nMまたはそれ以上である、請求項28〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- CARが、抗原に対するKdが約5nMから約450,400,350、300,250,200,150,100、または50nMまでの間である、請求項28〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- CARが、抗原に対するKdが約5nM〜50nMである、請求項28〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 抗原がEGFRである、請求項28〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- CARが、Nimotuzumab(ニモツズマブ)のCDR配列を含む、請求項39に記載の方法。
- CARが、配列番号1及び配列番号2の抗原結合部分を含む、請求項40に記載の方法。
- 選択または培養されたCAR T細胞が、内在性T細胞受容体及び/または内在性HLAの発現について不活性化される、請求項28〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 選択または培養されたCAR T細胞が、膜結合型Cγサイトカインをコードする発現させた核酸をさらに含む、請求項28〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 膜結合型Cγサイトカインが膜結合型のIL−7、IL−15またはIL−21である、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 膜結合型CγサイトカインがIL−15−IL−15Rα融合タンパク質である、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 選択または培養されたCAR T細胞が、前記CARをコードする組み込まれたDNAを含む、請求項28〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 選択または培養されたCAR T細胞が、前記CARをコードする外因性のmRNAを含む、請求項28〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CARをコードする組み込まれたDNAがトランスポゾン反復配列に隣接する、請求項46に記載の方法。
- CAR T細胞の選択または培養が、T細胞またはT細胞前駆細胞に、抗原に対するKdが約5nM〜約500nMである選択CARをコードするDNAをトランスフェクトすることをさらに含む、請求項28〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 細胞に、トランスポゾン反復配列に隣接する前記選択または培養されたCARをコードするDNAと、前記選択または培養されたCARをコードする前記DNAを前記細胞のゲノムに組み込むために効果的なトランスポザーゼとをトランスフェクトすることをさらに含む、請求項49に記載の方法。
- トランスポザーゼが、mRNAとして提供される、請求項50に記載の方法。
- トランスポザーゼが、ポリペプチドまたは発現可能なRNAとして提供される、請求項50に記載の方法。
- トランスポザーゼがサケ科のTc1様トランスポザーゼ(SB)である、請求項50に記載の方法。
- CAR T細胞の培養または選択が、抗原提示細胞の存在下でCAR T細胞を培養することを含む、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 抗原提示細胞が樹状細胞を含む、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 抗原提示細胞が、CAR T細胞の増幅を刺激する人工抗原提示細胞(aAPC)を含む、請求項28に記載の方法。
- aAPCがトランスジェニックK562細胞である、請求項56に記載の方法。
- aAPCが、該aAPCの表面に発現させた、(i)前記トランスジェニックCAR細胞上に発現させた前記CARに標的にされる抗原、(ii)CD64、(ii)CD86、(iii)CD137L、及び/または(v)膜結合型IL−15を含む、請求項56に記載の方法。
- aAPCが、該aAPCの表面に発現させたCAR結合抗体またはその断片を含む、請求項56に記載の方法。
- aAPCが、T細胞を活性化するまたは共刺激するさらなる分子を含む、請求項56に記載の方法。
- さらなる分子が膜結合型Cγサイトカインを含む、請求項60に記載の方法。
- 抗原提示細胞を不活性化させる、請求項54に記載の方法。
- 抗原提示細胞が照射される、請求項62に記載の方法。
- 抗原提示細胞を、感染性物質について試験し、また、感染性物質を含まないことを確認した、請求項54に記載の方法。
- 抗原提示細胞存在下でのCAR T細胞培養が、IL−21及び/またはIL−2を含む培地で前記トランスジェニックCAR細胞を培養することを含む、請求項54に記載の方法。
- 抗原提示細胞存在下でのCAR T細胞培養が、前記細胞を約10:1〜約1:10(CAR T細胞:抗原提示細胞)の比で培養することを含む、請求項54に記載の方法。
- トランスジェニック細胞の培養が7、14、21、28、35または42日以内の期間である、請求項28に記載の方法。
- T細胞またはT細胞前駆細胞を細胞バンクから入手する、請求項49に記載の方法。
- T細胞またはT細胞前駆細胞を被検体試料から得る、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 試料が単核球画分である、請求項69に記載の方法。
- 試料が凍結保存試料である、請求項69に記載の方法。
- 試料が臍帯血由来である、請求項69に記載の方法。
- 試料が被検体由来の末梢血試料である、請求項69に記載の方法。
- 試料がT細胞の亜集団である、請求項69に記載の方法。
- T細胞またはT細胞前駆細胞のトランスフェクションが、選択されたCARをコードするDNAを前記細胞に電気穿孔することを含む、請求項49に記載の方法。
- T細胞またはT細胞前駆細胞のトランスフェクションが、前記選択されたCARをコードするウイルスベクターを用いて前記細胞に形質導入することを含む、請求項49に記載の方法。
- キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)T細胞の選択または培養が、前記投与前にCAR T細胞を精製または濃縮することをさらに含む、請求項28〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 濃縮が蛍光活性化細胞分類(FACS)を含む、請求項77に記載の方法。
- 濃縮が、選択されたCAR T細胞について選別することを含む、請求項77に記載の方法。
- 濃縮が、選択されたCAR T細胞について常磁性ビーズ上で選別することを含む、請求項77に記載の方法。
- CAR発現細胞についての選別がCAR結合抗体の使用を含む、請求項79に記載の方法。
- 濃縮が、CD56+細胞の除去を含む、請求項77に記載の方法。
- 前記投与前に前記CAR T細胞試料を凍結保存することをさらに含む、請求項28〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 被検体が細胞増殖性疾患に罹患している、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 細胞増殖性疾患が自己免疫疾患であり、ここで、前記CARは、自己免疫細胞に高レベルで発現している抗原に結合する、請求項84に記載の方法。
- 細胞増殖性疾患が癌である、請求項84に記載の方法。
- 被検体がそれまでに抗癌治療を受けたことがある、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 被検体が寛解期にある、請求項87に記載の方法。
- 被検体が、癌の症状はないが検出可能な癌細胞を含む、請求項87に記載の方法。
- 癌が神経膠腫である、請求項86に記載の方法。
- 神経膠腫がびまん性内在性橋膠腫である、請求項90に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201461983103P | 2014-04-23 | 2014-04-23 | |
US201461983298P | 2014-04-23 | 2014-04-23 | |
US61/983,298 | 2014-04-23 | ||
US61/983,103 | 2014-04-23 | ||
PCT/US2015/027277 WO2015164594A1 (en) | 2014-04-23 | 2015-04-23 | Chimeric antigen receptors (car) for use in therapy and methods for making the same |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2020023077A Division JP2020072755A (ja) | 2014-04-23 | 2020-02-14 | キメラ抗原受容体(car)並びにその製造及び使用方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2017514471A true JP2017514471A (ja) | 2017-06-08 |
JP2017514471A5 JP2017514471A5 (ja) | 2018-05-24 |
Family
ID=53055122
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2016563936A Withdrawn JP2017514471A (ja) | 2014-04-23 | 2015-04-23 | キメラ抗原受容体(car)並びにその製造及び使用方法 |
JP2020023077A Pending JP2020072755A (ja) | 2014-04-23 | 2020-02-14 | キメラ抗原受容体(car)並びにその製造及び使用方法 |
JP2022074648A Pending JP2022093564A (ja) | 2014-04-23 | 2022-04-28 | キメラ抗原受容体(car)並びにその製造及び使用方法 |
JP2023130951A Pending JP2023138812A (ja) | 2014-04-23 | 2023-08-10 | キメラ抗原受容体(car)並びにその製造及び使用方法 |
Family Applications After (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2020023077A Pending JP2020072755A (ja) | 2014-04-23 | 2020-02-14 | キメラ抗原受容体(car)並びにその製造及び使用方法 |
JP2022074648A Pending JP2022093564A (ja) | 2014-04-23 | 2022-04-28 | キメラ抗原受容体(car)並びにその製造及び使用方法 |
JP2023130951A Pending JP2023138812A (ja) | 2014-04-23 | 2023-08-10 | キメラ抗原受容体(car)並びにその製造及び使用方法 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US20170158749A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3134437A1 (ja) |
JP (4) | JP2017514471A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20160145802A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN106459924A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2015249655B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2945388A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2015164594A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2021504484A (ja) * | 2017-11-28 | 2021-02-15 | セントロ デ インミュノロヒア モレキュラル | 上皮成長因子受容体に対する親和性が増加した抗体およびそれに由来するフラグメント |
JP2021511826A (ja) * | 2018-01-22 | 2021-05-13 | シアトル チルドレンズ ホスピタル ディー/ビー/エー シアトル チルドレンズ リサーチ インスティテュート | Car t細胞の使用方法 |
EP4130028A1 (en) | 2021-08-03 | 2023-02-08 | Rhazes Therapeutics Ltd | Engineered tcr complex and methods of using same |
WO2023012584A2 (en) | 2021-08-03 | 2023-02-09 | Genicity Limited | Engineered tcr complex and methods of using same |
Families Citing this family (83)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10689609B2 (en) | 2012-03-15 | 2020-06-23 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | Acoustic bioreactor processes |
US10967298B2 (en) | 2012-03-15 | 2021-04-06 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | Driver and control for variable impedence load |
US10322949B2 (en) | 2012-03-15 | 2019-06-18 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | Transducer and reflector configurations for an acoustophoretic device |
US9752113B2 (en) | 2012-03-15 | 2017-09-05 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | Acoustic perfusion devices |
US9950282B2 (en) | 2012-03-15 | 2018-04-24 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | Electronic configuration and control for acoustic standing wave generation |
US10704021B2 (en) | 2012-03-15 | 2020-07-07 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | Acoustic perfusion devices |
US9458450B2 (en) | 2012-03-15 | 2016-10-04 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | Acoustophoretic separation technology using multi-dimensional standing waves |
US9745548B2 (en) | 2012-03-15 | 2017-08-29 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | Acoustic perfusion devices |
US10737953B2 (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2020-08-11 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | Acoustophoretic method for use in bioreactors |
CN105408473B9 (zh) | 2013-05-14 | 2021-09-17 | 得克萨斯州大学系统董事会 | 工程化嵌合抗原受体(car)t细胞的人应用 |
EP3004168A4 (en) | 2013-05-24 | 2017-03-01 | Board of Regents, The University of Texas System | Chimeric antigen receptor-targeting monoclonal antibodies |
US9745569B2 (en) | 2013-09-13 | 2017-08-29 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | System for generating high concentration factors for low cell density suspensions |
EP3092049A1 (en) | 2014-01-08 | 2016-11-16 | Flodesign Sonics Inc. | Acoustophoresis device with dual acoustophoretic chamber |
CA2938887C (en) | 2014-02-14 | 2023-04-11 | Laurence J. N. Cooper | Chimeric antigen receptors and methods of making |
US9744483B2 (en) | 2014-07-02 | 2017-08-29 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | Large scale acoustic separation device |
GB201506423D0 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2015-05-27 | Tc Biopharm Ltd | Gamma delta T cells and uses thereof |
WO2016073629A1 (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2016-05-12 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Chimeric antigen receptors (car) to selectively target protein complexes |
JP6947647B2 (ja) | 2015-02-24 | 2021-10-13 | ボード オブ リージェンツ, ザ ユニバーシティ オブ テキサス システムBoard Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | 遺伝子改変t細胞の選択方法 |
RU2020127887A (ru) | 2015-03-11 | 2020-10-02 | Борд Оф Риджентс, Дзе Юниверсити Оф Техас Систем | Полипептиды транспозазы и их применение |
US11021699B2 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2021-06-01 | FioDesign Sonics, Inc. | Separation using angled acoustic waves |
US11708572B2 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2023-07-25 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | Acoustic cell separation techniques and processes |
US11377651B2 (en) | 2016-10-19 | 2022-07-05 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | Cell therapy processes utilizing acoustophoresis |
US11420136B2 (en) | 2016-10-19 | 2022-08-23 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | Affinity cell extraction by acoustics |
US11474085B2 (en) | 2015-07-28 | 2022-10-18 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | Expanded bed affinity selection |
US11459540B2 (en) | 2015-07-28 | 2022-10-04 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | Expanded bed affinity selection |
IL295616A (en) | 2015-07-31 | 2022-10-01 | Us Health | Adapted cells and treatment methods |
WO2017023859A1 (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-09 | Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center | Antigen-binding proteins targeting cd56 and uses thereof |
JP7020687B2 (ja) | 2015-09-15 | 2022-02-16 | ボード オブ リージェンツ,ザ ユニバーシティ オブ テキサス システム | T細胞受容体(tcr)結合抗体及びその使用 |
US11059879B2 (en) | 2015-10-27 | 2021-07-13 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Chimeric antigen receptor molecules and uses thereof |
EP3371227B8 (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2022-04-06 | City of Hope | Chimeric antigen receptors targeting her2 |
CA3004738A1 (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2017-05-18 | Aperisys, Inc. | Modified immune cells and uses thereof |
US11034933B2 (en) | 2016-01-28 | 2021-06-15 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Methods for selectively expanding and enriching cells transduced with chimeric antigen receptors and treating HIV infection |
US20170224733A1 (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2017-08-10 | City Of Hope | Administration of Engineered T Cells for Treatment of Cancers in the Central Nervous System |
US20190119758A1 (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2019-04-25 | Kura Oncology, Inc. | Methods of selecting cancer patients for treatment with farnesyltransferase inhibitors |
US11085035B2 (en) | 2016-05-03 | 2021-08-10 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | Therapeutic cell washing, concentration, and separation utilizing acoustophoresis |
US11214789B2 (en) | 2016-05-03 | 2022-01-04 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | Concentration and washing of particles with acoustics |
JP7070932B2 (ja) * | 2016-06-06 | 2022-05-18 | シティ・オブ・ホープ | Baff-r標的化キメラ抗原受容体修飾t細胞及びその使用 |
WO2017214569A1 (en) * | 2016-06-09 | 2017-12-14 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Genome-edited nk cell and methods of making and using |
CN107523547A (zh) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-12-29 | 上海细胞治疗研究院 | 一种高效稳定表达抑制性抗体的car‑t细胞及其用途 |
US11583555B2 (en) | 2016-06-24 | 2023-02-21 | University of Pittsburgh—of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education | Genetic re-engineering of immune cells to improve metabolic fitness for immunotherapy |
CN107663240B (zh) | 2016-07-29 | 2021-01-12 | 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 | 高度糖基化cea特异性结合的单链抗体及其在检测和治疗上的应用 |
AU2017319151B2 (en) | 2016-08-30 | 2024-01-11 | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Immune cell compositions and methods of use for treating viral and other infections |
EP4067482A1 (en) | 2017-02-13 | 2022-10-05 | Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris | Method for generating t cells progenitors |
WO2018160622A1 (en) | 2017-02-28 | 2018-09-07 | Endocyte, Inc. | Compositions and methods for car t cell therapy |
EP3621981A2 (en) | 2017-05-12 | 2020-03-18 | CRISPR Therapeutics AG | Materials and methods for engineering cells and uses thereof in immuno-oncology |
US11166985B2 (en) | 2017-05-12 | 2021-11-09 | Crispr Therapeutics Ag | Materials and methods for engineering cells and uses thereof in immuno-oncology |
CN107099603A (zh) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-08-29 | 成都克里斯博生物科技有限公司 | 肿瘤免疫t细胞检测试剂盒和检测方法 |
JP7210534B2 (ja) * | 2017-07-12 | 2023-01-23 | ザ・ボード・オブ・トラスティーズ・オブ・ザ・リーランド・スタンフォード・ジュニア・ユニバーシティ | H3k27m変異を有するがんの処置のための組成物および方法 |
TWI676483B (zh) * | 2017-08-06 | 2019-11-11 | 強普生技股份有限公司 | 醫藥套組及其用途 |
CN107287165A (zh) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-10-24 | 湖南开启时代生物科技有限责任公司 | 一种car‑t细胞的制备方法 |
EP3680338A4 (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2021-06-02 | Carsgen Therapeutics Co., Ltd. | GENETICALLY MODIFIED LYMPHOCYTE T AND ITS APPLICATION |
AU2018342246A1 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2020-04-16 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | T cell receptors recognizing mutated p53 |
CN107488738B (zh) * | 2017-10-12 | 2020-04-28 | 中国医学科学院肿瘤医院 | 一种预测乳腺癌对曲妥珠单抗联合化疗治疗敏感性的生物标志物 |
US11649294B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2023-05-16 | GC Cell Corporation | Anti-HER2 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, and chimeric antigen receptor comprising same |
JP2021503277A (ja) * | 2017-11-20 | 2021-02-12 | ユリウス−マクシミリアン−ウニヴェルシテート・ヴュルツブルク | 非常に低レベルのcd19を発現する骨髄腫細胞を除去するcd19cart細胞 |
CN108070033A (zh) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-05-25 | 武汉波睿达生物科技有限公司 | 一种3bnc-car分子的构建及其在杀灭hiv-1感染细胞中的应用 |
BR112020009889A2 (pt) | 2017-12-14 | 2020-11-03 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | acionador e controlador de transdutor acústico |
CN111727045A (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2020-09-29 | 小利兰·斯坦福大学托管委员会 | 抑制t细胞衰竭的组合物和方法 |
EP3728330A4 (en) | 2017-12-23 | 2021-12-08 | Uwell Biopharma Inc. | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION OF CHEMICAL RECEPTOR AND ASSOCIATED PROCESS |
US11965191B2 (en) | 2018-01-18 | 2024-04-23 | California Institute Of Technology | Programmable protein circuits in living cells |
EP3743083A4 (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2021-11-03 | Vanderbilt University | SELF-ANTIGENT-SPECIFIC T-CELLS AS VACCINES TO INCREASE ENGRAFTMENT AND STABILITY OF AUTOLOGICAL TRANSMISSION |
SG11202008261WA (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2020-09-29 | Rubius Therapeutics Inc | Therapeutic cell systems and methods for treating cancer and infectious diseases |
WO2019204664A2 (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2019-10-24 | Apdn (B.V.I), Inc. | Engineered lymphocyte compositions, methods and systems |
EP3790629A1 (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2021-03-17 | CRISPR Therapeutics AG | Methods and compositions for treating cancer |
EP3820496A4 (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2022-04-20 | Precigen, Inc. | FUSION CONSTRUCTS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF |
CN110862967A (zh) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-03-06 | 天津天锐生物科技有限公司 | 一种不依赖细胞因子培养的自然杀伤细胞系silk-nk |
EP3844180A4 (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2022-07-20 | California Institute of Technology | SYNTHETIC PROTEIN CIRCUITRY FOR DETECTING SIGNAL TRANSDUCER ACTIVITY |
KR20210056377A (ko) * | 2018-09-07 | 2021-05-18 | 소티오, 엘엘씨 | 세포내 락테이트 농도를 조절하는 트랜스 대사 분자와 조합된 키메라 수용체 폴리펩타이드 및 이의 치료 용도 |
WO2020146627A1 (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2020-07-16 | California Institute Of Technology | A synthetic system for tunable thresholding of protein signals |
CA3127673A1 (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2020-07-30 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Compositions and methods for targeting mutant ras |
CA3130671A1 (en) * | 2019-02-07 | 2020-08-13 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas Systems | Glucuronoxylomannan (gxm) receptor chimeric antigen receptors and use thereof |
US20220143084A1 (en) | 2019-02-15 | 2022-05-12 | Editas Medicine, Inc. | Modified natural killer (nk) cells for immunotherapy |
WO2020180882A1 (en) | 2019-03-05 | 2020-09-10 | Nkarta, Inc. | Cd19-directed chimeric antigen receptors and uses thereof in immunotherapy |
US20220249558A1 (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2022-08-11 | Crispr Therapeutics Ag | Allogeneic cell therapy of b cell malignancies using genetically engineered t cells targeting cd19 |
EP3980530A1 (en) * | 2019-06-07 | 2022-04-13 | Juno Therapeutics, Inc. | Automated t cell culture |
AU2020345943A1 (en) | 2019-09-10 | 2022-03-31 | Obsidian Therapeutics, Inc. | CA2-IL15 fusion proteins for tunable regulation |
US20230000916A1 (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2023-01-05 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Anti-cd3 scfv and cytokine producing artificial antigen presenting cells |
CN111253493B (zh) * | 2020-03-05 | 2021-03-23 | 武汉科技大学 | 一种靶向hiv病毒囊膜双位点的嵌合抗原受体及其表达载体和应用 |
CN114716548A (zh) * | 2021-01-05 | 2022-07-08 | (株)爱恩德生物 | 抗-fgfr3抗体及其用途 |
CA3214623A1 (en) * | 2021-04-05 | 2022-10-13 | Victor Tets | Regulation of cells and organisms |
WO2022216813A1 (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2022-10-13 | Artiva Biotherapeutics, Inc. | Chimeric antigen receptor comprising an anti-her2 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof and natural killer cells comprising the same |
WO2023021494A1 (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2023-02-23 | Rudd Christopher E | Compositions and methods for anti-virus chimeric antigen receptor |
JP2024515919A (ja) * | 2022-04-08 | 2024-04-11 | フェイト セラピューティクス,インコーポレイティド | 腫瘍標的化のためのキメラ抗原受容体 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012099973A2 (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2012-07-26 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Compositions and methods for treating cancer |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CU22545A1 (es) * | 1994-11-18 | 1999-03-31 | Centro Inmunologia Molecular | Obtención de un anticuerpo quimérico y humanizado contra el receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico para uso diagnóstico y terapéutico |
US4690915A (en) | 1985-08-08 | 1987-09-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Adoptive immunotherapy as a treatment modality in humans |
ATE240119T1 (de) | 1995-03-08 | 2003-05-15 | Scripps Research Inst | Antigen präsentierendes system und aktivierung von t-zellen |
ATE347588T1 (de) | 1996-05-23 | 2006-12-15 | Scripps Research Inst | Systeme zur präsentation von mhc-antigenen der klasse ii und verfahren zur aktivierung von cd4?+-t-lymphozyten |
EP0973928B1 (en) * | 1997-03-11 | 2010-05-05 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Dna-based transposon system for the introduction of nucleic acid into dna of a cell |
AU2472400A (en) | 1998-10-20 | 2000-05-08 | City Of Hope | CD20-specific redirected T cells and their use in cellular immunotherapy of CD20+ malignancies |
US6790662B1 (en) | 1999-03-12 | 2004-09-14 | Ortho-Mcneil Pharmaceutical, Inc. | Method of isolating CD8+ cells, and related hybridoma cells antibodies and polypeptides |
US20040071671A1 (en) | 2001-02-20 | 2004-04-15 | Leturcq Didier J. | Cell therapy method for the treatment of tumors |
EP1648512A4 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2009-01-21 | Immunomedics Inc | ANTI-CD19 ANTIBODIES |
BRPI0708446A2 (pt) | 2006-03-01 | 2011-06-07 | Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv | tratamento de cáncer combinando agente de linfodepleção com ctls e citocinas |
ES2603418T3 (es) | 2006-10-04 | 2017-02-27 | Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv | Preparación de células presentadoras de antígeno artificial inactivado y su uso en terapias celulares |
EP2668209B8 (en) | 2011-01-24 | 2021-08-11 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Antibodies selective for cells presenting egfr at high density |
MX347656B (es) * | 2011-04-08 | 2017-05-08 | Baylor College Medicine | Inversion de los efectos del micro-ambiente de tumor utilizando receptores de citocina quimericos. |
EP3004168A4 (en) | 2013-05-24 | 2017-03-01 | Board of Regents, The University of Texas System | Chimeric antigen receptor-targeting monoclonal antibodies |
RU2733652C2 (ru) * | 2013-10-31 | 2020-10-06 | Фред Хатчинсон Кэнсер Рисерч Сентер | МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫЕ ГЕМОПОЭТИЧЕСКИЕ СТВОЛОВЫЕ КЛЕТКИ/КЛЕТКИ-ПРЕДШЕСТВЕННИКИ И Не-Т ЭФФЕКТОРНЫЕ КЛЕТКИ, И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ |
-
2015
- 2015-04-23 CN CN201580026693.4A patent/CN106459924A/zh active Pending
- 2015-04-23 CA CA2945388A patent/CA2945388A1/en active Pending
- 2015-04-23 JP JP2016563936A patent/JP2017514471A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-04-23 US US15/305,996 patent/US20170158749A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-04-23 WO PCT/US2015/027277 patent/WO2015164594A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-04-23 EP EP15721090.7A patent/EP3134437A1/en active Pending
- 2015-04-23 KR KR1020167032607A patent/KR20160145802A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-04-23 AU AU2015249655A patent/AU2015249655B2/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-10-14 US US16/600,806 patent/US20200102366A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2020
- 2020-02-14 JP JP2020023077A patent/JP2020072755A/ja active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-04-28 JP JP2022074648A patent/JP2022093564A/ja active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-01-11 US US18/153,025 patent/US20230312675A1/en active Pending
- 2023-08-10 JP JP2023130951A patent/JP2023138812A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012099973A2 (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2012-07-26 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Compositions and methods for treating cancer |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
---|
BULLAIN S.S. ET AL.: "Genetically engineered T cells to target EGFRvIII expressing glioblastoma", JOURNAL OF NEUROONCOLOGY, vol. 94, JPN6019006872, 2009, pages 373 - 382, XP019732597, ISSN: 0003986625, DOI: 10.1007/s11060-009-9889-1 * |
CHMIELEWSKI M ET AL.: "T cell Activation by Antibody-like Immunoreceptors: Increase in Affinity of the Single-Chain Fragmen", JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 173, JPN6019006867, 2004, pages 7647 - 7653, XP055202108, ISSN: 0003986621, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.12.7647 * |
GARRAIDO G. ET AL.: "Bivalent binding by intermediate affinity of nimotuzumab: A contribution to explain antibody clinica", CANCER BIOLOGY & THERAPY, vol. 11, JPN6019006868, 2011, pages 373 - 382, XP055197571, ISSN: 0003986622, DOI: 10.4161/cbt.11.4.14097 * |
GUPTA P. ET AL.: "Development of an EGFRvIII specific recombinant antibody", BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 10, JPN6019006871, 2010, pages 72-, ISSN: 0003986624 * |
LORIMER I. A. J. ET AL.: "Recombinant immunotoxins specific for a mutant epidermal growth factor receptor: Targeting with a si", PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATS OF AMERICA, vol. 93, JPN6019006874, 1996, pages 14815 - 14820, XP002912821, ISSN: 0003986626, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.25.14815 * |
SHEN C.J. ET AL.: "Chimeric antigen receptor containing ICOS signaling domain mediates specific and efficient antitumor", JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY, vol. 6, JPN6019006869, 2013, pages 33-, ISSN: 0003986623 * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2021504484A (ja) * | 2017-11-28 | 2021-02-15 | セントロ デ インミュノロヒア モレキュラル | 上皮成長因子受容体に対する親和性が増加した抗体およびそれに由来するフラグメント |
JP7396992B2 (ja) | 2017-11-28 | 2023-12-12 | セントロ デ インミュノロヒア モレキュラル | 上皮成長因子受容体に対する親和性が増加した抗体およびそれに由来するフラグメント |
JP2021511826A (ja) * | 2018-01-22 | 2021-05-13 | シアトル チルドレンズ ホスピタル ディー/ビー/エー シアトル チルドレンズ リサーチ インスティテュート | Car t細胞の使用方法 |
JP7417542B2 (ja) | 2018-01-22 | 2024-01-18 | シアトル チルドレンズ ホスピタル (ディービーエイ シアトル チルドレンズ リサーチ インスティテュート) | Car t細胞の使用方法 |
EP4130028A1 (en) | 2021-08-03 | 2023-02-08 | Rhazes Therapeutics Ltd | Engineered tcr complex and methods of using same |
WO2023012584A2 (en) | 2021-08-03 | 2023-02-09 | Genicity Limited | Engineered tcr complex and methods of using same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2022093564A (ja) | 2022-06-23 |
US20230312675A1 (en) | 2023-10-05 |
US20200102366A1 (en) | 2020-04-02 |
JP2023138812A (ja) | 2023-10-02 |
KR20160145802A (ko) | 2016-12-20 |
AU2015249655B2 (en) | 2021-01-07 |
CA2945388A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
EP3134437A1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
AU2015249655A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
WO2015164594A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
JP2020072755A (ja) | 2020-05-14 |
US20170158749A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 |
CN106459924A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20230312675A1 (en) | Chimeric antigen receptors (car) and methods for making and using the same | |
JP7351533B2 (ja) | 改変キメラ抗原受容体(car)t細胞のヒト応用 | |
JP6678215B2 (ja) | がんにおけるcd138の標的化 | |
AU2018202976B2 (en) | Polyclonal gamma delta t cells for immunotherapy | |
JP7058223B2 (ja) | トランスジェニックt細胞及びキメラ抗原受容体t細胞組成物及び関連方法 | |
KR102612313B1 (ko) | 인간화 항-bcma 키메라 항원 수용체를 사용한 암의 치료 | |
TW202134264A (zh) | 嵌合抗原受體及其用途 | |
CN111886242A (zh) | 增强的嵌合抗原受体及其用途 | |
KR20210020932A (ko) | Bcma 키메라 항원 수용체 및 이의 용도 | |
CN103502438A (zh) | 用于细胞免疫治疗的方法和组合物 | |
US20220251572A1 (en) | Immune cells defective for suv39h1 | |
JP2020533289A5 (ja) | ||
JP2020533289A (ja) | 養子細胞治療を改善するための方法 | |
JP2023521410A (ja) | 大型のアデノウイルスペイロードの組み込み | |
WO2024097814A1 (en) | Engineered t cells having altered pyruvate metabolism, methods for their production and use in therapy, e.g., for treatment of cancer or infection | |
WO2023081900A1 (en) | Engineered t cells expressing a recombinant t cell receptor (tcr) and related systems and methods |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20180403 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20180403 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20190221 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20190228 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20190530 |
|
A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20191016 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20200214 |
|
C60 | Trial request (containing other claim documents, opposition documents) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C60 Effective date: 20200214 |
|
C11 | Written invitation by the commissioner to file amendments |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C11 Effective date: 20200225 |
|
A911 | Transfer to examiner for re-examination before appeal (zenchi) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A911 Effective date: 20200327 |
|
C21 | Notice of transfer of a case for reconsideration by examiners before appeal proceedings |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C21 Effective date: 20200330 |
|
A912 | Re-examination (zenchi) completed and case transferred to appeal board |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A912 Effective date: 20200612 |
|
C211 | Notice of termination of reconsideration by examiners before appeal proceedings |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C211 Effective date: 20200616 |
|
C22 | Notice of designation (change) of administrative judge |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C22 Effective date: 20201120 |
|
C13 | Notice of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C13 Effective date: 20210408 |
|
C28A | Non-patent document cited |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C2838 Effective date: 20210408 |
|
C22 | Notice of designation (change) of administrative judge |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C22 Effective date: 20210630 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20210707 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20210727 |
|
C23 | Notice of termination of proceedings |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C23 Effective date: 20210906 |
|
C03 | Trial/appeal decision taken |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C03 Effective date: 20211019 |
|
C30A | Notification sent |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C3012 Effective date: 20211019 |
|
A761 | Written withdrawal of application |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A761 Effective date: 20220209 |