JP6678215B2 - がんにおけるcd138の標的化 - Google Patents
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Description
本出願は、2013年3月7日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/774,040号に基づく優先権を主張する。これらの出願はすべて、参照により全体として本明細書に組み込まれる。
MAGE A1、HLA−A2 NY−ESO−1、PSCA、葉酸受容体a、CD44v6、CD44v7/8、avb6インテグリン、8H9、NCAM、VEGF受容体、5T4、胎児AchR、NKG2Dリガンド、CD44v6、二重抗原、およびユニバーサルからなる群から選択される抗原に特異的でありうる。特定の実施形態では、CD138特異的認識部分は、活性化ドメインおよび抗原認識ドメインを有するCD138特異的エンゲージャー分子を含み、この場合、両方のドメインは、一本鎖可変断片(scFV)抗体部分を含む。いくつかの場合では、活性化ドメインは、CD3、CD16、CD28、CD40、CD134、およびCD137からなる群から選択される分子を認識するscFVである。
本開示の実施形態では、CD138を発現するがん細胞を処置するための方法および組成物がある。特定の実施形態では、がんは、多発性骨髄腫(MM)などの造血器悪性腫瘍、または乳がんなどの固形腫瘍、およびほぼ不変的に低酸素性である固形腫瘍である。方法および組成物は、必要がある特定の組織または細胞へと療法を送達するが、CD138を発現する非がん性細胞への送達は回避する処置を提供することと関連する。方法および組成物は、CD138を発現するがん性組織またはがん性細胞へと療法を送達するが、CD138を発現するが、がん療法を必要としない細胞への送達は回避する処置を提供することと関連する。特定の実施形態では、療法は、低酸素性の組織または環境では有効であり、正常酸素性の組織または環境では無効である。本開示の態様では、療法は、低酸素性の組織または環境では有効であり、正常酸素性組織または正常酸素性環境には治療用部分が存在しないため、正常酸素性の組織または環境では有効でない。いくつかの場合では、細胞療法は、低酸素性の組織または環境では有効であることができ、正常酸素性組織または正常酸素性環境では、細胞が治療用部分を発現しないため、正常酸素性の組織または環境では有効でないが、この治療用部分は、低酸素性組織または低酸素環境には存在する。本開示の実施形態では、治療用部分は、少なくともCD138抗原に特異的なCARを含む。他の組織特異的抗原も、組織特異的発現または環境特異的発現を示す対応する部分で標的化することができる。
造血器悪性腫瘍には、血液、骨髄、およびリンパ節に影響を及ぼすがんの種類が含まれる。造血器悪性腫瘍は、2つの主要な血液細胞系統:骨髄細胞株またはリンパ細胞株のいずれかに由来しうる。骨髄細胞株は通常、顆粒球、赤血球、血小板、マクロファージ、および肥満細胞を産生する;リンパ細胞株は、B細胞、T細胞、NK細胞、および形質細胞を産生する。リンパ腫、リンパ性白血病、および骨髄腫は、リンパ細胞株に由来するが、急性骨髄性白血病および慢性骨髄性白血病、骨髄異形成症候群、および骨髄増殖性疾患は、骨髄由来である。ある特定の実施形態では、これらの造血器悪性腫瘍のいずれも、本開示の方法および/または組成物で処置可能である。
CD138(シンデカン1としても知られている)とは、ヒトでは、SDC1遺伝子によってコードされるタンパク質である。例示として、それらのいずれも、参照によりそれらの全体として本明細書に組み込む、GenBank(登録商標)受託番号BC008765は、例示のCD138ポリヌクレオチドを提供しており、GenBank(登録商標)受託番号AAH08765は、例示のCD138ポリペプチドを提供している。このような配列は、例えば、CD138特異的CAR分子を生成するのに、当業者に有用である。
いくつかの場合では、CD138特異的CARを発現するように細胞を改変する。腫瘍指向性キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)を発現するように、ヒトTリンパ球を遺伝子操作することにより、タンパク質抗原のプロセシングおよび提示の異常に起因する腫瘍の免疫回避機構をバイパスする、抗腫瘍エフェクター細胞をもたらすことができる。さらに、これらのトランスジェニック受容体は、タンパク質由来ではない腫瘍関連抗原も指向しうる。本開示のある特定の実施形態では、少なくとも1つのCARを含むように改変されたCTLがある。特定の態様では、特定の細胞は、2つ以上のCD138特異的CARを含めた、2種以上のCD138特異的認識部分の発現を含む。
本開示の実施形態では、特定の発現ベクター内で自殺遺伝子を利用して、細胞が、例えば、所望の時点または地点または生理学的イベントにおいて、アポトーシスにより自殺することを可能にする。自殺遺伝子は、CD138−CARベクターと同じ発現ベクター上に存在しうる。自殺遺伝子は、当業界で公知であり、慣例的に使用されるが、特定の実施形態では、本開示で使用される自殺遺伝子は、カスパーゼ9、単純ヘルペスウイルス、チミジンキナーゼ(HSV−tk)、シトシンデアミナーゼ(CD)、またはチトクロームP450である。特定の態様では、自殺遺伝子は、誘導性であり、特異的な化学的二量体化誘導剤(CID)を使用して活性化される(Ramosら、2010)。
本開示の実施形態は、治療用細胞内の人工的抗原受容体の発現の制御を含めた、治療用細胞の活性の環境的制御を可能にする、調節エレメントを利用する。特定の実施形態では、CARの発現を、低酸素状態の存在下または低酸素性組織内など、環境的または組織特異的に調節する。1つまたは複数のエレメントは、CD138特異的CARをコードし、CD138特異的CARをコードする配列と機能的に関連する、発現ベクター内で活用される。「機能的に関連する」は、1つまたは複数のエレメントが、CD138特異的CARポリペプチドをコードする配列の発現を調節しうるのに適した形で構成されていることを意味しうる。いくつかの実施形態では、このようなエレメントは、定義によって、正常酸素性環境内でCD138特異的CARの転写に影響を及ぼすことがまったく可能でないか、または無視できる程度に影響を及ぼすに過ぎない。
本開示のいくつかの実施形態では、CD138特異的CARを含む本開示の細胞を、エンゲージャー分子を発現するようにも改変する。特定の実施形態では、このような細胞は、二特異的T細胞エンゲージャー分子を分泌することができる。特定の実施形態における二特異性は、活性化ドメインおよび抗原認識ドメインの存在を包含する。抗原認識ドメインは、標的細胞内もしくは標的細胞上に存在するかまたは標的細胞によって分泌される分子に結合し、活性化ドメインは、レシピエント細胞を最終的に活性化させる過程を誘発する、T細胞上、NK細胞上、またはNKT細胞上に存在する、細胞表面受容体に結合する。結合性ドメインおよび抗原認識ドメインは、いかなる種類でもありうるが、特定の実施形態では、1つのscFvは、活性化を媒介する細胞表面分子に特異的であり、他のscFvは、CD138または別の腫瘍抗原を含めた、特定のえり抜きの腫瘍抗原に特異的である。腫瘍抗原に対する特定のscFvは、特定の腫瘍抗原を有する、対応するがん細胞を認識するように調整することができる。
本開示の実施形態では、CD138−CAR細胞は、それらの天然受容体が、EBV、HIV、HTLV−1などに由来するウイルス潜伏感染タンパク質など、ウイルス潜伏感染タンパク質に特異的なCTLである。これらのウイルス特異的CTLは、潜伏感染性ウイルス抗原をプロセシングする、プロフェッショナルな抗原提示細胞からの生理学的共刺激を受け、それらのCARを介して、腫瘍細胞を殺滅させることができる。この二重特異性は、リダイレクトされたCTLが、CARを介する抗腫瘍活性を利用しながら、プロフェッショナルな抗原提示細胞からの生理学的共刺激を受けることも可能にする。
本開示の細胞の実施形態には、CD138特異的CARを発現しうる細胞が含まれ、これらには、例えば、T細胞、NK細胞、およびNKT細胞が含まれる。本明細書で使用される用語「細胞」、「細胞株」、および「細胞培養物」は、互換的に使用することができる。これらの用語のすべてには、任意かつすべての後続の世代である、それらの子孫細胞も含まれる。すべての子孫細胞が、意図的であるかまたは予測外の突然変異のために必ずしも同一でない場合もあることが理解される。異種核酸配列の発現の文脈では、「宿主細胞」は、原核細胞または真核細胞を指し得、これには、ベクターを複製し、かつ/またはベクターによりコードされる異種遺伝子を発現することができる、任意の形質転換可能な生物が含まれる。宿主細胞は、ベクターのレシピエントとして使用することができ、そのように使用されている。宿主細胞は、「トランスフェクト」してもよく、「形質転換」してもよく、これらは、外因性核酸が、宿主細胞に移入または導入されるプロセスを指す。形質転換された細胞には、初代対象細胞およびその子孫細胞が含まれる。本明細書で使用される、用語「操作された」細胞および「組換え」細胞または宿主細胞は、例えば、ベクターなどの外因性核酸配列が導入された細胞を指すことが企図されている。したがって、組換え細胞は、組換えにより導入された核酸を含有しない、天然に存在する細胞から識別可能である。本開示の実施形態では、宿主細胞は、細胞傷害性T細胞(TC、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球、CTL、キラーT細胞(T−Killer−cell)、細胞溶解性T細胞、CD8+T細胞、またはキラーT細胞(killer T cell)としても知られている)を含めたT細胞などの免疫細胞であり、本開示には、エフェクター機能を誘発しうる、NK細胞、NKT細胞、および他の免疫細胞も包含される。
本明細書に記載の、低酸素状態応答性CD138特異的CARコンストラクト、または任意のコンストラクトは、1つまたは複数のDNA分子として導入することもでき、コンストラクトを含有する宿主細胞の選択を可能にする少なくとも1つのマーカーがありうるコンストラクトとして導入することもできる。コンストラクトは、従来の方途により調製することができる。必要に応じて、遺伝子領域と調節領域とを隔離し、ライゲートし、適切なクローニング宿主内でクローニングし、制限もしくはシークェンシング、または他の好都合な手段によって解析した。特に、PCRを使用して、機能的な単位の全部または一部を含めた個別の断片を単離することができる。必要に応じて、「プライマー対」、ライゲーション、in vitroにおける突然変異誘発などを使用して、1つまたは複数の突然変異を導入することができる。ひとたび完成され、適切な配列を有することが実証されたコンストラクトは、その後、任意の好都合な手段によって、宿主細胞に導入することができる。コンストラクトは、細胞への感染または形質導入のために、アデノウイルス、アデノ随伴ウイルス(AAV)、もしくは単純ヘルペスウイルス(HSV)またはレトロウイルスベクターを含めた他のウイルスなど、非複製性の欠損ウイルスゲノムに組み込み、パッケージングすることができる。所望の場合、コンストラクトには、トランスフェクションのためのウイルス配列を含めることができる。代わりに、融合、エレクトロポレーション、遺伝子銃、トランスフェクション、リポフェクションなどによって、コンストラクトを導入することもできる。コンストラクトの導入前に、宿主細胞を、培養物中で成長させ、拡張するのに続いて、コンストラクトの導入およびコンストラクトの組込みのための適切な処理を施すことができる。その後、細胞を拡張し、コンストラクト内に存在するマーカーによって、スクリーニングする。使用して成功しうる様々なマーカーには、hprt、ネオマイシン耐性、チミジンキナーゼ、ハイグロマイシン耐性などが含まれる。
本開示は、CD138特異的CARを発現するように細胞を操作し、少なくともいくつかの場合では、個体への投与の前に細胞を拡張することを含め、ひとたび細胞を適正に調製したら、それらを必要とする個体への細胞の投与を包含する。
本開示は、本明細書で規定される、CD138特異的CARをコードする核酸配列と、核酸配列を保有する細胞とを含む組成物も包含する。特定の態様では、核酸分子は、組換え核酸分子であり、合成核酸分子でありうる。核酸分子は、DNA、RNAのほか、PNA(ペプチド核酸)を含む可能性があり、これらのハイブリッド体でありうる。
本開示のベクターは、CD138特異的CARまたはCD138特異的エンゲージャー分子を含めた、CD138特異的認識部分を作製し、少なくともいくつかの場合では、これを発現する組換え操作のために使用することができる。
ある種のウイルスは、細胞を感染させるか、受容体媒介のエンドサイトーシスを介して細胞に進入し、宿主細胞ゲノムに組み込まれ、ウイルス遺伝子を安定的かつ効率的に発現する能力を有するので、そのようなウイルスは、外来の核酸を細胞(例えば、哺乳動物細胞)内に導入する魅力的な候補となっている。本開示の構成要素は、ヘパラナーゼをコードするウイルスベクターでありうる。本開示の核酸を送達するのに使用できるウイルスベクターの非限定な例を以下に記載する。
核酸の送達のための特定の方法は、アデノウイルス発現ベクターを使用するものである。アデノウイルスベクターは、ゲノムDNAに組み込まれる能力が低いことが知られているが、この特徴は、これらのベクターによってもたらされる遺伝子移入の効率が高いことで相殺される。「アデノウイルス発現ベクター」には、(a)コンストラクトのパッケージングをサポートし、(b)最終的に、その中にクローニングされた組織または細胞特異的なコンストラクトを発現するのに十分なアデノウイルス配列を含有するコンストラクトが含まれると企図されている。アデノウイルス(36kbの直鎖状二本鎖DNAウイルス)の遺伝学的構成に関する知識により、アデノウイルスDNAの大きな領域を7kbまでの外来配列で置換することが可能である(GrunhausおよびHorwitz、1992)。
核酸は、アデノウイルス支援のトランスフェクションを用いて細胞内に導入できる。アデノウイルスを組み合わせた系を用いた細胞系でトランスフェクション効率の増大が報告されている(KelleherおよびVos、1994;Cottenら、1992;Curiel、1994)。アデノ随伴ウイルス(AAV)は、組み込まれる頻度が高く、かつ非分裂性の細胞を感染させることができ、それにより遺伝子を哺乳動物細胞に、例えば組織培養中(Muzyczka、1992)またはin vivoで、送達するのに有用となっているので、本開示の細胞で使用するのに魅力的なベクター系である。AAVは、感染の宿主域が広い(Tratschinら、1984;Laughlinら、1986;Lebkowskiら、1988;McLaughlinら、1988)。rAAVベクターの生成および使用に関する詳細は、それぞれが参照により本明細書に組み込まれる米国特許第5,139,941号および第4,797,368号に記載されている。
レトロウイルスは、それらの遺伝子を宿主ゲノムに組み込み、多量の外来遺伝物質を輸送し、広い範囲の種および細胞型を感染させ、特別な細胞株でパッケージングされる能力を有するため、送達ベクターとして有用である(Miller、1992。)
他のウイルスベクターも、本開示におけるワクチンコンストラクトとして利用できる。ワクシニアウイルス(Ridgeway、1988;BaichwalおよびSugden、1986;Couparら、1988)、シンドビスウイルス、サイトメガロウィルス、および単純ヘルペスウイルスなどのウイルス由来のベクターを利用することができる。これらは、様々な哺乳動物細胞用に魅力的な特徴をいくつかもっている(Friedmann、1989;Ridgeway、1988;BaichwalおよびSugden、1986;Couparら、1988;Horwichら、1990)。
送達する核酸を、特異的な結合リガンドを発現するように遺伝子操作された感染性のウイルス中に収容することができる。したがって、ウイルス粒子は、標的細胞の同族受容体に特異的に結合し、内容物を細胞に送達することになる。ウイルスエンベロープにラクトース残基を化学的に付加することによるレトロウイルスの化学修飾に基づいて、レトロウイルスベクターの特異的なターゲティングを可能にするように設計された新規なアプローチが開発された。この修飾は、シアロ糖タンパク質受容体を介した肝細胞の特異的な感染を可能にすることができる。
細胞をトランスフェクトまたは形質転換するための核酸送達のための適した方法は、当業者に公知である。そのような方法には、DNAのex vivoでのトランスフェクションや注入などによる直接的送達が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。当業界で公知の技法の適用によって、細胞を安定的にまたは一過性に形質転換することができる。
ex vivoセッティングにおいて、生物から摘出された真核細胞および組織にトランスフェクトするための方法は、当業者に公知である。したがって、細胞または組織を摘出し、ヘパラナーゼまたは本開示の他の核酸を使用して、ex vivoにおいてトランスフェクトしうることが企図されている。特定の態様では、移植細胞または組織が生物内に入れられる。好ましい様相では、核酸が移植細胞内で発現される。
本開示のある特定の実施形態では、臨床的態様のための本開示の方法、例えば、CD138を発現するがん免疫細胞を有する個体への、例えば、CD138特異的CARを発現するT細胞の投与を、抗がん剤など、過剰増殖性疾患の処置に有効な他の薬剤と組み合わせる。例えば、「抗がん」剤は、がん細胞を殺滅する、がん細胞のアポトーシスを誘導する、がん細胞の成長速度を低減させる、転移の発生率または数を低減させる、腫瘍の大きさを低減させる、腫瘍成長を抑制する、腫瘍もしくはがん細胞への血液供給を低減させる、がん細胞もしくは腫瘍に対する免疫応答を促進する、がんの進行を防止もしくは抑制する、またはがんを有する対象の寿命を延長することによって、対象体内のがんに負の影響を与えることができる。より一般的には、これらの他の組成物は、細胞を殺滅するか、その増殖を抑制するのに有効な総量で提供することになる。このプロセスは、がん細胞を、発現コンストラクトおよび薬剤または複数の因子と同時に接触させることを含みうる。これは、細胞を、両方の薬剤を含む1つの組成物または薬理学的製剤と接触させることによって、または細胞を、一方の組成物が発現コンストラクトを含み、他方が第2の薬剤を含む2つの異なる組成物もしくは製剤と同時に接触させることによって達成できる。
A/B/A/B A/B/B/A B/B/A/A
B/A/A/A A/B/A/A A/A/B/A
がん療法には、化学的処置および放射線照射ベースの処置の両方の様々な併用療法も含まれる。組合せ化学療法には、例えば、アシビシン;アクラルビシン;アコダゾール塩酸塩;アクロニン;アドゼレシン;アデルスロイキン;アルトレタミン;アンボマイシン;アメタントロン酢酸塩;アムサクリン;アナストロゾール;アントラマイシン;アスパラギナーゼ;アスペルリン;アザシチジン;アゼテパ;アゾトマイシン;バチマスタット;ベンゾデパ;ビカルタミド;ビサントレン塩酸塩;ビスナフィドジメシレート;ビゼレシン;ブレオマイシン硫酸塩;ブレキナルナトリウム;ブロピリミン;ブスルファン;カクチノマイシン;カルステロン;カラセミド;カルベチマー;カルボプラチン;カルムスチン;カルビシン塩酸塩;カルゼレシン;セデフィンゴール;セレコキシブ(COX−2阻害剤);クロランブシル;シロレマイシン;シスプラチン;クラドリビン;メシル酸クリスナトール;シクロホスファミド;シタラビン;ダカルバジン;ダクチノマイシン;ダウノルビシン塩酸塩;デシタビン;デキソルマプラチン;デザグアニン;メシル酸デザグアニン;ジアジコン;ドセタキセル;ドキソルビシン;ドキソルビシン塩酸塩;ドロロキシフェン;ドロロキシフェンクエン酸塩;プロピオン酸ドロスタノロン;ズアゾマイシン;エダトレキサート;エフロルニチン塩酸塩;エルサミトルシン;エンロプラチン;エンプロメート;エピプロピジン;エピルビシン塩酸塩;エルブルゾール;エソルビシン塩酸塩;エストラムスチン;エストラムスチンリン酸エステルナトリウム;エタニダゾール;エトポシド;エトポシドリン酸塩;エトプリン;ファドロゾール塩酸塩;ファザラビン;フェンレチニド;フロクスウリジン;フルダラビンリン酸エステル;フルオロウラシル;フルオロシタビン;フォスキドン;フォストリエシンナトリウム;ゲムシタビン;ゲムシタビン塩酸塩;ヒドロキシ尿素;イダルビシン塩酸塩;イホスファミド;イルモフォシン;イプロプラチン;イリノテカン;イリノテカン塩酸塩;ランレオチド酢酸塩;レトロゾール;ロイプロリド酢酸塩;リアロゾール塩酸塩;ロメトレキソールナトリウム;ロムスチン;ロソキサントロン塩酸塩;マソプロコール;メイタンシン;メクロレタミン塩酸塩;メゲストロール酢酸塩;メレンゲストロール酢酸エステル;メルファラン;メノガリル;メルカプトプリン;メトトレキサート;メトトレキサートナトリウム;メトプリン;メツレデパ;ミチンドミド;マイトカルシン;マイトクロミン;マイトギリン;マイトマルシン;マイトマイシン;マイトスペル;ミトタン;ミトキサントロン塩酸塩;ミコフェノール酸;ノコダゾール;ノガラマイシン;オルマプラチン;オキシスラン;パクリタキセル;ペガスパルガーゼ;ペリオマイシン;ペンタムスチン;ペプロマイシン硫酸塩;ペルホスファミド;ピポブロマン;ピポスルファン;ピロキサントロン塩酸塩;プリカマイシン;プロメスタン;ポルフィマーナトリウム;ポルフィロマイシン;プレドニムスチン;プロカルバジン塩酸塩;ピューロマイシン;ピューロマイシン塩酸塩;ピラゾフリン;リボプリン;サフィンゴール;サフィンゴール塩酸塩;セムスチン;シムトラゼン;スパルホセートナトリウム;スパルソマイシン;スピロゲルマニウム塩酸塩;スピロムスチン;スピロプラチン;ストレプトニグリン;ストレプトゾシン;スロフェヌル;タリソマイシン;テコガランナトリウム;タキソテール;テガフール;テロキサントロン塩酸塩;テモポルフィン;テニポシド;テロキシロン;テストラクトン;チアミプリン;チオグアニン;チオテパ;チアゾフリン;チラパザミン;トレミフェンクエン酸塩;酢酸トレストロン;リン酸トリシリビン;トリメトレキサート;グルクロン酸トリメトレキサート;トリプトレリン;ツブロゾール塩酸塩;ウラシルマスタード;ウレデパ;バプレオチド;ベルテポルフィン;ビンブラスチン硫酸塩;ビンクリスチン硫酸塩;ビンデシン;ビンデシン硫酸塩;ビネピジン硫酸塩;硫酸ビングリシネート;硫酸ビンレウロシン;ビノレルビン酒石酸塩;硫酸ビンロシジン;ビンゾリジン硫酸塩;ボロゾール;ゼニプラチン;ジノスタチン;ゾルビシン塩酸塩;20−epi−1,25ジヒドロキシビタミンD3;5−エチニルウラシル;アビラテロン;アクラルビシン;アシルフルベン;アデシペノール;アドゼレシン;アデルスロイキン;ALL−TKアンタゴニスト;アルトレタミン;アンバムスチン;アミドックス;アミホスチン;アミノレブリン酸;アムルビシン;アムサクリン;アナグレリド;アナストロゾール;アンドログラホリド;血管新生阻害剤;アンタゴニストD;アンタゴニストG;アントラレリックス;反dorsalizing形成タンパク質1(anti−dorsalizing morphogenetic protein 1);前立腺癌用の抗アンドロゲン;抗エストロゲン;抗ネオプラストン;アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド;アフィジコリングリシネート;アポトーシス遺伝子調整剤;アポトーシス調節剤;アプリン酸;ara−CDP−DL−PTBA;アルギニンデアミナーゼ;アスラクリン;アタメスタン;アトリムスチン;アキシナスタチン1;アキシナスタチン2;アキシナスタチン3;アザセトロン;アザトキシン;アザチロシン;バッカチンIII誘導体;バラノール;バチマスタット;BCR/ABLアンタゴニスト;ベンゾクロリン;ベンゾイルスタウロスポリン;ベータラクタム誘導体;ベータ−アレチン;ベータクラマイシンB;ベツリン酸;bFGF阻害剤;ビカルタミド;ビサントレン;ビサジリジニルスペルミン;ビスナフィド;ビストラトレンA;ビゼレシン;ブレフレート;ブロピリミン;ブドチタン;ブチオニンスルホキシミン;カルシポトリオール;カルホスチンC;カンプトテシン誘導体;カペシタビン;カルボキサミド−アミノ−トリアゾール;カルボキサミドトリアゾール;CaRest M3;CARN 700;軟骨由来阻害剤;カルゼレシン;カゼインキナーゼ阻害剤(ICOS);カスタノスペルミン;セクロピンB;セトロレリックス;クロリン;クロロキノキサリンスルホンアミド;シカプロスト;cis−ポルフィリン;クラドリビン;クロミフェン類似体;クロトリマゾール;コリスマイシンA;コリスマイシンB;コンブレタスタチンA4;コンブレタスタチン類似体;コナゲニン;クランベシジン816;クリスナトール;クリプトフィシン8;クリプトフィシンA誘導体;クラシンA;シクロペントアントラキノン;シクロプラタム;シペマイシン;シタラビンオクホスフェート;細胞溶解因子;サイトスタチン;ダクリキシマブ;デシタビン;デヒドロジデミンB;デスロレリン;デキサメタゾン;デキシホスファミド;デキスラゾキサン;デクスベラパミル;ジアジコン:ジデミンB;ジドックス;ジエチルノルスペルミン;ジヒドロ−5−アザシチジン;9−ジヒドロタキソール;ジオキサマイシン;ジフェニルスピロムスチン;ドセタキセル;ドコサノール;ドラセトロン;ドキシフルリジン;ドキソルビシン;ドロロキシフェン;ドロナビノール;デュオカルマイシンSA;エブセレン;エコムスチン;エデルフォシン;エドレコロマブ;エフロルニチン;エレメン;エミテフル;エピルビシン;エプリステリド;エストラムスチン類似体;エストロゲンアゴニスト;エストロゲンアンタゴニスト;エタニダゾール;エトポシドリン酸塩;エキセメスタン;ファドロゾール;ファザラビン;フェンレチニド;フィルグラスチム;フィナステリド;フラボピリドール;フレゼラスチン;フルアステロン;フルダラビン;フルオロダウノルビシン塩酸塩;フォルフェニメックス;ホルメスタン;フォストリエシン;ホテムスチン;ガドリニウムテキサフィリン;硝酸ガリウム;ガロシタビン;ガニレリックス;ゼラチナーゼ阻害剤;ゲムシタビン;グルタチオン阻害剤;ヘプスルファム;ヘレグリン;ヘキサメチレンビスアセトアミド;ヒペリシン;イバンドロン酸;イダルビシン;イドキシフェン;イドラマントン;イルモフォシン;イロマスタット;イマチニブ(例えば、GLEEVEC(登録商標))、イミキモド;免疫刺激ペプチド;インスリン様成長因子1受容体阻害剤;インターフェロンアゴニスト;インターフェロン;インターロイキン;イオベングアン;ヨードドキソルビシン;4−イポメアノール;イロプラクト;イルソグラジン;イソベンガゾール;イソホモハリコンドリンB;イタセトロン;ジャスプラキノリド;カハラリドF;ラメラリンNトリアセテート;ランレオチド;レイナマイシン;レノグラスチム;レンチナン硫酸塩;レプトルスタチン;レトロゾール;白血病阻害性因子;白血球アルファインターフェロン;ロイポロリド+エストロゲン+プロゲステロン;リュープロレリン;レバミソール;リアロゾール;直鎖状ポリアミン類似体;親油性二糖ペプチド;親油性白金化合物;リソクリナミド7;ロバプラチン;ロンブリシン;ロメトレキソール;ロニダミン;ロソキサントロン;ロキソリビン;ルルトテカン;ルテチウムテキサフィリン;リソフィリン;溶解性ペプチド;メイタンシン;マンノスタチンA;マリマスタット;マソプロコール;マスピン;マトリリシン阻害剤;マトリックスメタロプロテイナーゼ阻害剤;メノガリル;メルバロン;メテレリン;メチオニナーゼ;メトクロプラミド;MIF阻害剤;ミフェプリストン;ミルテホシン;ミリモスチム;ミトグアゾン;ミトラクトール;マイトマイシン類似体;ミトナフィド;マイトトキシンである線維芽細胞成長因子−サポリン;ミトキサントロン;モファロテン;モルグラモスチム;ヒト絨毛性ゴナドトロピンであるErbitux;モノホスホリルリピドA+ミオバクテリウム細胞壁sk;モピダモール;マスタード系抗がん剤;ミカペロキシドB;マイコバクテリア細胞壁抽出物;ミリアポロン;N−アセチルジナリン;N置換ベンザミド;ナファレリン;ナグレスチップ;ナロキソン+ペンタゾシン;ナパビン;ナフテルピン;ナルトグラスチム;ネダプラチン;ネモルビシン:ネリドロン酸;ニルタミド;ニサマイシン;一酸化窒素調整剤;窒素酸化物による抗酸化剤;ニトルリン;オビメルセン(GENASENSE(登録商標));O6−ベンジルグアニン;オクトレオチド;オキセノン;オリゴヌクレオチド;オナプリストン;オンダンセトロン;オンダンセトロン;オラシン;経口サイトカイン誘導剤;オルマプラチン;オサステロン;オキサリプラチン;オキサウノマイシン;パクリタキセル;パクリタキセル類似体;パクリタキセル誘導体;パラウアミン;パルミトイルリゾキシン;パミドロン酸;パナキシトリオール;パノミフェン;パラバクチン;パゼリプチン;ペガスパルガーゼ;ペルデシン;ポリ硫酸ペントサンナトリウム;ペントスタチン;ペントロゾール;ペルフルブロン;ペルホスファミド;ペリリルアルコール;フェナジノマイシン;酢酸フェニル;ホスファターゼ阻害剤;ピシバニール;ピロカルピン塩酸塩;ピラルビシン;ピリトレキシム;プラセチンA;プラセチンB;プラスミノーゲン活性化因子阻害剤;白金複合体;白金化合物;白金−トリアミン複合体;ポルフィマーナトリウム;ポルフィロマイシン;プレドニゾン;プロピルビス−アクリドン;プロスタグランジンJ2;プロテアソーム阻害剤;プロテインAベースの免疫調節剤;プロテインキナーゼC阻害剤;小型藻類のプロテインキナーゼC阻害剤;プロテインチロシンホスファターゼ阻害剤;プリンヌクレオシドホスホリラーゼ阻害剤;プルプリン;ピラゾロアクリジン;ピリドキシル化ヘモグロビンポリオキシエチレンコンジュゲート;rafアンタゴニスト;ラルチトレキセド;ラモセトロン;rasファルネシルプロテイントランスフェラーゼ阻害剤;ras阻害剤;ras−GAP阻害剤;脱メチル化レテリプチン;レニウムRe186エチドロネート;リゾキシン;リボザイム;RIIレチナミド;ロヒツキン;ロムルチド;ロキニメックス;ルビジノンB1;ルボキシル;サフィンゴール;サイントピン;SarCNU;サルコフィトールA;サルグラモスチム;Sdi1模倣体;セムスチン;老齢由来阻害剤1;センスオリゴヌ
クレオチド;シグナル伝達阻害剤;シゾフラン;ソブゾキサン;ボロカプテートナトリウム;フェニル酢酸ナトリウム;ソルベロール;ソマトメジン結合性タンパク質;ソネルミン;スパルホス酸;スピカマイシンD;スピロムスチン;スプレノペンチン;スポンギスタチン1;スクァラミン;スチピアミド;ストロメリシン阻害剤;スルフィノシン;過活動血管作動性腸管ペプチドアンタゴニスト;スラジスタ;スラミン;スワインソニン;タリムスチン;タモキシフェンメチオジド;タウロムスチン;タザロテン;テコガランナトリウム;テガフール;テルラピリリウム;テロメラーゼ阻害剤;テモポルフィン;テニポシド;テトラクロロデカオキシド;テトラゾミン;タリブラスチン;チロコラリン;トロンボポエチン;トロンボポエチン模倣体;チマルファシン;チモポエチン受容体アゴニスト;チモトリナン;甲状腺刺激性ホルモン;エチルエチオプルプリンすず;チラパザミン;チタノセンジクロリド;トプセンチン;トレミフェン;翻訳阻害剤;トレチノイン;トリアセチルウリジン;トリシリビン;トリメトレキサート;トリプトレリン;トロピセトロン;ツロステリド;チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;チルホスチン;UBC阻害剤;ウベニメクス;尿生殖洞由来成長阻害因子;ウロキナーゼ受容体アンタゴニスト;バプレオチド;バリオリンB;ベラレソール;ベラミン;ベルジン;ベルテポルフィン;ビノレルビン;ビンキサルチン;ビタキシン;ボロゾール;ザノテロン;ゼニプラチン;ジラスコルブ;およびジノスタチンスチマラマー、または以上の任意の類似体バリアントもしくは誘導体バリアントが含まれる。
DNA損傷を引き起こし、かつ広く利用されている他の因子には、γ線、X線および/または腫瘍細胞への放射性同位元素の指向的送達として一般に知られているものが含まれる。マイクロ波およびUV照射などの他の形態のDNA損傷因子も企図されている。これらの因子すべてが、DNA、DNAの前駆体、DNAの複製および修復、ならびに染色体の集合および維持に広範な損傷をもたらす可能性がきわめて高い。X線の線量範囲は、長期間(3〜4週間)にわたる場合の50〜200レントゲンの1日線量から、2000〜6000レントゲンの単回線量までである。放射性同位元素の投与量範囲は、広範に様々であってもよく、同位元素の半減期、照射される放射線の強度およびタイプ、ならびに新生細胞による取り込みによって左右される。
一実施形態では、CD138特異的認識部分(CD138特異的CARを発現するT細胞またはCD138特異的エンゲージャー分子を有するT細胞)以外の免疫療法を、本開示の方法と共に利用する。
さらに別の実施形態では、第2の処置が、治療用ポリヌクレオチドが本開示の臨床実施形態の前もしくは後、またはそれと同時に投与される遺伝子療法である。細胞増殖の誘導因子、細胞増殖の抑制因子、またはプログラム細胞死の調節因子を含めた様々な発現産物が、本開示に包含される。
がんを有するヒトの60%が、予防、診断、病期分類、根治、および緩和のための手術を含めたなんらかのタイプの手術を行うことになる。根治手術は、本開示の処置、化学療法、放射線療法、ホルモン療法、遺伝子療法、免疫療法、および/または代替療法など、他の療法とともに施用されうるがん治療である。
処置の治療有効性を向上させるために、本開示と組み合わせて、他の薬剤を用いてもよいことが企図されている。これらの追加薬剤には、免疫調節剤、細胞表面受容体およびギャップ結合の上方制御に作用する薬剤、細胞分裂停止および分化薬剤、細胞接着の阻害剤、またはアポトーシス誘導因子に対する過増殖細胞の感受性を増強する薬剤が含まれる。免疫調節剤には、腫瘍壊死因子;インターフェロンα、β、およびγ;IL−2および他のサイトカイン;F42Kおよび他のサイトカイン類似体;MIP−1、MIP−1β、MCP−1、RANTES、および他のケモカインが含まれる。Fas/Fasリガンド、DR4もしくはDR5/TRAILなど、細胞表面受容体またはそのリガンドの上方制御は、過増殖細胞に対するオートクリンまたはパラクリン作用を確立することによって、本開示のアポトーシス誘導能を強化するであろうことがさらに企図されている。ギャップ結合の数の増大によって、細胞間シグナル伝達が増大すれば、近傍の過剰増殖性細胞集団に対する抗過剰増殖性効果が増大するであろう。他の実施形態では、処置の抗過増殖有効性を向上させるために、本開示と組み合わせて、細胞分裂停止または分化薬剤を用いることができる。細胞接着の阻害剤は、本開示の有効性を向上させることが企図されている。細胞接着阻害剤の例は、接着斑キナーゼ(FAK)阻害剤およびロバスタチンである。処置の有効性を向上させるために、抗体c225など、アポトーシスに対する過増殖細胞の感受性を増強する他の薬剤を、本開示と組み合わせて使用できるであろうことがさらに企図されている。
本開示に従い、「医薬組成物」という用語は、個体への投与のための組成物に関する。本開示の特定の態様では、医薬組成物は、がん細胞上のCD138抗原を指向する複数の免疫細胞を含む。好ましい実施形態では、医薬組成物は、非経口投与、経皮投与、管腔内投与、動脈内投与、髄腔内投与、または静脈内投与のための組成物またはがんへの直接的な注射のための組成物を含む。前記医薬組成物を、注入または注射を介して個体に投与することが特に企図されている。適した組成物の投与は、異なる方途、例えば、静脈内投与、皮下投与、腹腔内投与、筋内投与、局所投与、または皮内投与によって行うことができる。
例示を目的として述べると、がん患者、またはがんに罹患しやすい患者、またはがんを有することが疑われる患者は、本明細書に記載の通りに処置することができる。本明細書に記載の通りに改変された免疫細胞は、個体に投与し、長期にわたり保持することができる。個体には、1回または複数回の細胞の投与を行うことができる。いくつかの実施形態では一般に、改変された細胞を封入して、免疫認識を阻害し、腫瘍部位に配置する。
CARベースの技術を使用して、CD19、ヒト免疫グロブリンのκ軽鎖、およびリンパ腫内のCD30を標的化する臨床試験が開発されている。戦略は、臨床的探索下にあり、近年、CAR.CD19で処置された患者の最初の群について報告された。本開示の実施形態では、CAR技術を使用して、このアプローチによる処置のためにいまだ選択されていない、例示の造血器障害を標的化する。
慣例的に使用されているいくつかの方法は、以前の刊行物(9、25)に十分に記載されている。
本開示の実施形態では、一般に、構成的な活性プロモーター下において、(a)低酸素状態依存性プロモーター下でCD138分子を標的化する人工的T細胞受容体(キメラ抗原受容体またはCAR)(CD138.CAR)、および(b)誘導性カスパーゼ−9(iC9)自殺タンパク質を発現するように改変された、用量を増大させる、自己または同系の活性化末梢血Tリンパ球(ATL)の安全性を評価することができる。本開示の方法の特定の実施形態には、(1)これらのCD138.CAR−ATLの生存および機能を、in vivoにおいて測定すること;(2)不応性形質細胞増多症を有する患者において、CD138.CAR−ATLの抗腫瘍効果を定量化し、改定International Myeloma Working Group(IMWG)Uniform Response基準によって臨床的応答を評価すること;および(3)毒性が生じた場合に、末梢血に由来するトランス遺伝子陽性細胞の消滅を測定することによって、自殺遺伝子を活性化させるのに使用される二量体化剤である、AP1903の投与の有効性を評価することが含まれる。
本実施例は、in vitroおよびin vivoにおける測定によって、例示のCD138特異的CAR T細胞が、腫瘍細胞に対して有効であることを示す。
Claims (11)
- CD138特異的キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)を発現する免疫細胞の製造方法であって、CARおよびそれに機能的に関連する1つ以上の低酸素状態応答性調節エレメントをコードする発現ベクターでex vivoで免疫細胞をトランスフェクトすることを含む、製造方法。
- 前記発現ベクターが誘導性の自殺遺伝子をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- CD138特異的CARがIgG1のヒンジ領域を含む、請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記CD138特異的CARが、CD28、OX40、4−1BB、ICOS、またはそれらの組み合わせ、に由来する細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記自殺遺伝子が、カスパーゼ9、単純ヘルペスウイルス、チミジンキナーゼ(HSV−tk)、シトシンデアミナーゼ(CD)またはチトクロームP450をコードする、請求項2〜4のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記低酸素状態応答性調節エレメントが、VEGF低酸素状態応答性調節エレメント、α1B−アドレナリン受容体低酸素状態応答性調節エレメント、脂肪酸シンターゼ低酸素状態応答性調節エレメント、またはそれらの組み合わせ、を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 免疫細胞が、CD138を発現するがんを有する個体に対して自己である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
- 前記癌がB細胞系造血器悪性腫瘍である、請求項7に記載の製造方法。
- 前記癌が多発性骨髄腫である、請求項7に記載の製造方法。
- 免疫細胞が細胞傷害性Tリンパ球(CTL)、ナチュラルキラー細胞、またはナチュラルキラーT細胞である、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 免疫細胞がCD138以外の抗原に特異的な少なくとも1つの他のCARを含み、任意で該CARが、黒色腫関連抗原(MAGE)、黒色腫優先発現抗原(PRAME)、スルビビン、CD19、CD20、CD22、k軽鎖、CD30、CD33、CD123、CD38、ROR1、ErbB2、ErbB3/4、ErbB二量体、EGFr vIII、癌胎児性抗原、EGP2 、EGP40、メソテリン、TAG72、PSMA、NKG2Dリガンド、B7−H6、IL−13受容体a2、MUC1、MUC16、CA9、GD2、GD3、HMW−MAA、CD171、Lewis Y、G250/CAIX、HLA−AI MAGE A1、HLA−A2 NY−ESO−1、PSCA、葉酸受容体a、CD44v6、CD44v7/8、a v b 6 インテグリン、8H9、NCAM、VEGF受容体、5T4、胎児AchR、NKG2Dリガンド、CD44v6、二重抗原、およびユニバーサルからなる群から選択される抗原に特異的である、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
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WO2014138704A1 (en) | 2014-09-12 |
ES2671004T3 (es) | 2018-06-04 |
JP2016510597A (ja) | 2016-04-11 |
AU2014225365B2 (en) | 2019-09-12 |
CN105339498A (zh) | 2016-02-17 |
EP3241897B1 (en) | 2018-10-03 |
JP6409009B2 (ja) | 2018-10-17 |
EP3456818B1 (en) | 2020-05-20 |
AU2019275678A1 (en) | 2020-01-02 |
HK1219981A1 (zh) | 2017-04-21 |
EP2964753A1 (en) | 2016-01-13 |
AU2014225365A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
HK1245841B (zh) | 2019-11-15 |
JP2019010117A (ja) | 2019-01-24 |
EP3456818A1 (en) | 2019-03-20 |
EP3241897A1 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
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